高中英语 语法总结（表格式）素材 牛津版

PAGEPAGE5用心爱心专心时态语态及一般用法谓语构成时间状语特殊用法一般现在时：1)经常性或习惯性的动作2)现在的特征，状态及能力3)普遍真理,格言警句be(am,is,are)do/doesalways,usually,everytime,seldom,sometimesoften,nowandthen,occasionally1)按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事2)在时间、条件、方式状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。特殊句型:1)Here/Therecomesourteacher.(一般现在时表正发生动作)2)Itis/hasbeen+时段+since….am/is/aredone一般过去时：表示过去发生的，和现在无联系的动作或状态或习惯动作be(was,were)didyesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnowwas/weredone一般将来时：将来某个时刻（或某段时间内）将来要发生的动作will/shalldoam/is/aregoingtodoam/is/aretodoam/is/areabouttodonext…,tomorrow,in+时段，fromnowon,inthefuture,1）一般将来时可用来表示一种倾向或习惯性动作.eg.Oilwillfloatonwater.Wheneverhehastime,hewillcome.其否定式表示“不能…没法…”Themachinewon’twork.(机器没法开动)2）Cf:begoingto表示说话前已经作出的主观的打算或计划，或用来表达有某种迹象要发生的事willdo表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性betodo表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。beabouttodo“正要干什么…”，表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用。常与when连用，when意为：“就在这时”，是并列连词构成句型：…beabouttodo…when…will/shallbedonewould/shouldbedonewas/weregoingtobedone现在完成时:1．表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，有时没有时间状语，有时有时间状Theyhavecleanedtheclassroom.(Theycleanedtheclassroomanditiscleannow.)2．表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作状态。Hehasn’tgivenmeanymoretroublesincethen.have/hasdonefor+时段,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepast(…)years,always,recently特殊句型:1)It’sthefirsttimethat…(have/hasdone).2)Ithasbeen/is+时间段+since….ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.3)短暂性动词的完成时不与时间段连用,如需连用可转化成相应的延续性动词,如die—bedead,leave—beaway,comeback–beback,fallinlovewithbeinlovewith,marry—bemarriedto,join–beamemberof/bein…Hehasdied.Hehasbeendead3years.(Hedied3yearsago.)have/hasbeendone时态、语态及一般用法：谓语构成时间状语特殊用法：现在完成进行时：have/hasbeendoingalldaylong,thewholemorning,for+时段表示现在以前这段时间内一直在进行或反复的动作.(可能仍在进行，也可能停了一会儿.)1）Howlonghasitbeenraining?2）I’vebeensittinghereallday.have/hasbeenbeingdone将来完成时表将来某时已发生的动作.Ishallhavefinisheditbeforelunch.ThenewbuildingwillhavebeencompletedbytheendofAugust.will/shallhavedonebegoingtohavedoneby+将来时间.有时也用来表揣测.Theywillhavearrivedbynow.Weworkedtogetherforayear.Hewon’thaveforgottenme.will/shallhavebeendonebegoingtohavebeendone过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。haddone…before,by,until,when,after,oncebytheendof+过去时间1）用于hardly…when;nosooner…than…（一….就…）等句子中。Hardlyhadwearrivedwhenshestartedcomplaining.2）hope,thinkexpect,intend,mean,suppose,want,imagine等，用于过去完成时，表示过去未实现的希望或意图。Ihadhopedtotakemyseatinallthisnoisewithoutbeingfound.我本希望乘着这些噪音不被发现地坐到位置上。（但实际上未实现）3)Itisthefirsttime+从句（从句用现在完成时have/hasdone）；Itwasthefirsttime+从句（用过去完成时haddone）。eg.ItisthefirsttimethatI’vebeenhere.Itwasthefirsttimethathehadeverspokentomeinsuchatune.4)用于对过去假设的虚拟语气中的从句。IfIhadknownhistelephonenumberyesterday,Iwouldhavecalled5)bythetime+从句（用一般过去时）作状语，主句用过去完成时Wehadfinishedtheworkbylastmonth(bythetimehecame.)hadbeendone现在进行时：1．表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。2．表示现阶段一直在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。①Idon’treallyworkhere.I’mhelpinguntilthenewsecretarycomes.am/is/aredoingthesedays,nowadays,atpresent,atthemoment,now1)下列动词用现在进行时可以表示将来很快要发生的动作，即一般将来时。如：go,come,leave,begin,arrive,return,fly,drive，take等。We’removingtothenewbuildingnextweek.2)下列副词always,continually,constantly,never等常一般现在时连用，但若用于进行时则表示厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩。Youarealwaysforgettingtheimportantthings.3．无进行时态的动词：表“存在、所有、知觉、认为，感情”等状态存在：keep,stay,remain,be,consistof,contain所有：have,belongto,possess,own,hold知觉：sound,look/seem/appear,smell,taste,feel,see,hear认识:understand,know,suppose,remember,admit,forget,believe情感：like,love,hate,prefer,am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时：1．表示过去某一时间正进行的动作。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。Theteachercameinwhentheyweretalking.was/were+doingatthattime,then,thistimeyesterdaylastweek,at10o’clocklastnight１．Hope,want,wonder等的过去进行时用来提出请求，表示委婉的语气，实际表示现在的情况．Iwashopingyoucouldsendmesomemoneystamps.(Ihope…)2.come,go,plan,expect,hope,intend,lookforwardto等词可用进行时表达本来打算做实际没做成的事Hewasexpectingtofinishtheworklastmonth,butthemachinewentwrong.3.在口语中过去进行时可表示最近刚刚过去的事情_--Whatdidyousay?--Iwasaskingwhatyouthoughtofit.was/were+being+doneExercises:A组Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_____sorapidly.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange2.IwonderwhyJenny____usrecently.Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow.A.hasn’twrittenB.doesn’twriteC.won’twriteD.hadn’twritten3.–Excuseme,sir.Wouldyoudomeafavor?--Ofcourse.Whatisit?--I____ifyoucouldtellmehowtofilloutthisform.A.hadwonderedB.waswonderingC.wouldwonderD.didwonder4.____DavidandVicky____married?Foraboutthreeyears.A.Howlongwere;beingB.Howlonghave;gotC.Howlonghave;beenD.Howlongdid;get5.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy____goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.A.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.consideredD.isgoingtoconsider6.They____ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem,andnowwe____onitasnogoodresultshavecomeoutsofar.A.hadbeenworking;arestillworkingB.hadworked;werestillworkingC.haveworked;werestillworkingD.haveworked;arestillworking7.Whentheoldman_____towalkbacktohishouse,thesun____itselfbehindthemountain.A.started;hadalreadyhiddenB.hadstarted;hadalreadyhiddenC.hadstarted;eashidingD.wasstarted;hid8.Scientiststhinkthatthecontinents____alwayswherethey____today.A.aren’t;areB.aren’t;wereC.weren’t;areD.weren’t;were9.–Ifthetraffichadn’tbeensoheavy,Icouldhavebeenbackby6o’clock.--Whatapity!Tina____heretoseeyou.A.isB.wasC.wouldbeD.hasbeen10.Thecountrylifehewasusedto____greatlysince1992.A.changeB.haschangedC.changingD.havechanged11.–Wheredidyouputthecarkeys？--Oh,I____IputthemonthechairbecausethephonerangasI____in.A.remembered;comeB.remembered;wascomingC.remember;comeD.remember;wascoming12.Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar____atthegarage.A.willberepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.hasbeenrepairedB组1.Whydon’tyouputthemeatinthefidge?Itwill____freshforseveraldays.A.bestayedB.stayC.bestayingD.havestayed2.Thecrazyfans_____patientlyfortwohours,andtheywouldwaittillthemoviestararrived.A.werewaitingB.hadbeenwaitingC.hadwaitedD.wouldwait3.–GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.Didyougototheirwedding?--No,I____.Didtheyhaveabigwedding?A.wasnotinvitedB.havenotbeeninvitedC.hadn’tbeeninvitedD.didn’tinvite4.Millionsofpounds’worthofdamage____byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.A.hasbeencausedB.hadbeencausedC.willbecausedD.willhavebeencaused5.–Whatwouldyoudoifit____tomorrow?--Wehavetocarryiton,sincewe’vegoteverythingready.A.rainB.rainsC.willrainD.israining6.Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrossthisopensea,which____thePacific,andwemetnostorms.A.wascalledB.iscalledC.hadbeencalledD.hasbeencalled7.Inaroomabovestore,whereaparty____,someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.A.wastobeheldB.hasbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeingheld8.I____alongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccident_____.A.went;wasoccurringB.went;occurredC.wasgoing;occurredD.wasgoing;hadoccurred9.Whenheturnedprofessionalattheageof11,Mike____tobecomeaworldchampionbyhiscoachandparents.A.expectedB.wasexpectingC.wasexpectedD.wouldbeexpected10.Themomentthe28thOlympicGames____open,thewholeworldcheered.A.declaredB.havebeendeclaredC.havedeclaredD.weredeclared11.–Didyouseeamaninblackpassbyjustnow?--No,sir.I____anewspaper.A.readB.wasreadingC.wouldreadD.amreading12.--____you____himaroundthemuseumyet?--Yes.Wehadagreattimethere.A.Have;shownB.Do;showC.Had;shownD.Did;showC组1.Thenewscameasnosurprisetome.I____forsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshutdown.A.hadknownB.knewC.haveknownD.know2.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium____inBeijing.A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompleted3.–YouwereoutwhenIdroppedinatyourhouse.--Oh,I____forafriendfromEnglandattheairport.A.waswaitingB.hadwaitedC.amwaitingD.havewaited4.–Thewindowisdirty.--Iknow.It___forweeks.A.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tcleanC.wasn’tcleanedD.hasn’tbeencleaned5.Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth____eachyear.A.iswashingawayB.isbeingwashedawayC.arewashingawayD.arebeingwashedaway6.Assoon