数学中英文词汇对照表

集合非负整数集thesetallnon-negativeintegers自然数集thesetofnatural整数集thesetofpositiveintegers有理数集thesetofrational实数集thesetofreal元素element属于belongto不属于notbelongto有限集set无限集set空集emptyset包含inclusion,include包含于liein子集subset真子集subset补集（余集complementaryset全集universe交集intersection偶数集thesetofevennumbers奇数集thesetofoddnumbers含绝对值的不等式inequalitywithabsolutevalue一元二次不等式one-variablequadraticinequality逻辑logic逻辑联结词logicalconnective或or且and非真假false真值表table原命题proposition逆命题converseproposition否命题negativeproposition逆否命题converse-negativeproposition充分条件condition必要条件necessarycondition……的充要条件是………andonlyif…函数function自变量argument定义域domain值域区间interval闭区间closedinterval1/开区间openinterval函数的图像offunction映射mapping象image原象inverseimage单调monotone增函数increasingfunction减函数decreasingfunction单调区间monotoneinterval反函数inversefunction指数exponentN次根nthroot根式根指数exponent被开方数radicand指数函数exponentialfunction对数logarithm常用对数commonlogarithm自然对数logarithm对数函数logarithmicfunction数列of项term通项公式theformulaofgeneralterm有穷数列finitesequenceof无穷数列sequence递推公式recurrenceformula等差数列arithmeticprogression公差arithmeticseries等差中项commondifference等比中项arithmetic等比数列geometricprogression,geometricseries公比commonratio等比中项geometric三角函数trigonometricfunction始边initialside终边terminal正角positiveangle负角negativeangle零角zeroangel象限角angle弧度radian弧度制measure角度制degreemeasure正弦sine2/余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant诱导公式inductionformula正弦曲线sinecurve余弦曲线curve最大值maximum最小值minimum周期period最小正周期minimalpositiveperiod周期函数periodicfunction振幅amplitudeofvibration频率frequency相位初相initialphase反正弦arcsine反余弦arccosine反正切arctangent有向线段directedlinesegment向量vector零向量zerovector单位向量unitvector平行向量vectors相等向量equalvectors共线向量collinearvectors实数与向量的积multiplicationofvectorbyscalar基底数量积translation正弦定理product余弦定理sinetheorem算术平均数arithmeticmean几何平均数ofcompare比较法methodofcompare综合法methodofsynthesis分析法methodofanalysis倾斜角gradient斜率pointslopeform点斜式gradientinterceptform截距generalform斜截式includedangle两点式two-pointform一般式generalform3/夹角includedangle线性规划linear约束条件constraintcondition目标函数objectivefunction可行域feasibleregion最优解optimalsolution曲线坐标法methodofcoordinate解析几何analytic笛卡儿Descartes标准方程standardequation一般方程generalequation参数方程parameterequation参数圆锥曲线conic椭圆焦点focus,focalpoints焦距focallength长轴axis短轴axis离心率eccentricity双曲线hyperbola实轴realaxis虚轴imaginaryaxis渐近线asymptote抛物线parabola准线directrix直线line平面plane几何体geometricsolid平面图形figure立体图形slidfigure相交直线intersectinglines平行直线lines异面直线lines垂线perpendicular垂足footofaoblique垂线段perpendicularlinesegment公垂线commonperpendicular公垂线段commonperpendicularsegment垂面perpendicularplane射影projection斜线obliqueline斜足footobliqueline4/斜线段obliqueline半平面semi-plane二面角dihedralangle平面角angle直二面角rightdihedralangle棱柱prism底面base顶点vertex面棱edge侧面lateralface侧棱lateraledge斜棱柱obliqueprism直棱柱rightprism正棱柱prism平行六面体parallelepiped长方体rectangularprism正方体棱锥pyramid正棱锥pyramid多面体polyhedron凸多面体convexpolyhedron正多面体regularpolyhedron简单多面体simplepolyhedron球solidsphere,spheroid球心ofasolidsphere球面sphere分类计数原理classifiedenumerationprinciple分步计数原理principle排列arrangement,permutation排列数numberofarrangements全排列totalarrangement阶乘factorial组合combination组合数numberofcombination二项式定理binomial二项式系数binomialcoefficient二项式展开式binomialexpansion必然事件certainevent不可能事件impossibleevent随机事件event试验频率frequency等可能事件equiprobabilityevent5/基本事件elementaryevent概率probability互斥事件exclusive对立事件complementaryevents相互独立事件mutuallyindependentevents独立重复试验independentrepeatedtrials概率probability统计statistics随机变量variable离散型随机变量randomvariable概率分布probabilitydistribution分布列distributionseries数学期望mathematicalexpectation方差variance标准差standarddeviation抽样方法samplingmethod简单随机抽样simplesampling系统抽样systematicsampling总体分布populationsampling估计estimation正态分布normaldistribution标准正态分布standardnormaldistribution线性回归linearregression相关correlation回归分析regressionanalysis散点图scatter回归直线regressionstraight线性回归分析linerregressionanalysis相关系数correlationcoefficient假设检验hypothesistesting归纳法induction数学归纳法mathematicalinduction完全归纳法induction不完全归纳法incompleteinduction极限limit无穷大无穷等比数列infinitegeometricsequence左极限leftlimit右极限rightlimit连续（的）continuous连续函数continuousfunction导数derivative可导的differentiable变化率rateofchange6/导函数derivedfunction复合函数compositefunction极大值maximumvalue极小值minimumvalue极值extremevalue虚数单位imaginaryunit复数复数集setofcomplexnumbers虚数imaginary纯虚数purelyimaginarynumber复数的代数形式formofnumber实部realpart虚部imaginarypart复平面complexplane实轴realaxis虚轴imaginaryaxis模辐角复数的三角形式trigonometricformofnumber棣莫弗公式DeMoivreFormula分式fraction通分changingfractionstoadenominator约分reductionofafraction分式方程fractionalequation反比例函数inverseproportionalfunction双曲线hyperbola定理平行四边形parallelogram矩形rectangle菱形rhombus正方形梯形trape