2023届北京市房山区高三一模英语试卷

房山区2023年高三年级第一次模拟考试英语本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自行保存。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。IglancedtomyleftandrightasIgotreadyatthestartingline.Thesightofothercompetitorswhohadconfidentandfierce-lookingfacesgotmegoosebumpsandIwasevenmore___1___thanbefore.“Onyourmark,getset...Go!”shoutedtheraceofficial.Ipushedmyselfforwardwithallmy___2___andstartedrunningasthoughaprideofman-eatinglionswerecomingafterme.AsIran,Icouldseetheothercompetitorscatchingupwithme.Allofasudden,Ifelldownonmyknees.Ahundredpairsofeyesboredintome,watchingme___3___togetup.ButnomatterhowhardItried,Ijustcouldnotdoit.“No,itcannotendlikethis.Ihaveto___4___thisrace.”Ithoughttomyself.However,thepainfrommyinjurywassounbearablethatIfelttotally___5___.Ireallywantedtogiveup.Outofdespair,Igazedupatthefinishingline.Justthen,akindcompetitor___6___herhandtome.“Thankyou...”Iwhispered___7___asIgrabbedherhandandshepulledmeup.Shelentmehershoulderforsupport,andI___8___forward.Thecrowdcheeredatthisbrilliantdisplayof___9___.Together,bothofuscrossedthefinishingline.EventhoughInevergotthechancetolearnhername,IwillalwaysrememberherastheonewhosteppedforwardtohelpmewhenIwasin___10___.1.A.tired B.confused C.nervous D.regretful2.A.joy B.might C.trouble D.shame3.A.attempt B.hesitate C.wait D.pretend4.A.organize B.evaluate C.appreciate D.complete5.A.defeated B.inspired C.shocked D.relaxed6.A.waved B.extended C.showed D.pointed7.A.proudly B.cautiously C.awkwardly D.gratefully8.A.moved B.fell C.bent D.looked9.A.partnership B.sportsmanship C.leadership D.friendship10.A.anger B.doubt C.need D.silence第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AWhenIwassevenyearsold,Icaughtacoldandhadtostayathome.Myparentshadtowork,somyneighborcameovertolookafterme.Shereadmanydifferentbookstome___11___(patient),includingadventuressetinancienttimes,travelstories,familydramas,historicalnovels,etc.Tomyjoy,___12___(listen)toeachbookmademefeellikewatchingamovie,butbetterbecausebooksgavemuchmoredetailsthanmovies.Shestartedmyinterestinreading.Nextyear,aftergraduatingfromcollege,I___13___(have)ajobteachingEnglish.IhopethatIcantransfertheloveofreadingtomystudents.BBeijingOlympicPark,also___14___(know)astheOlympicGreen,islocatedinChaoyangDistrict,Beijing,withatotallandareaof11.59squarekilometers.ThefamousNationalStadiumor“Bird’sNest”isthecenterpieceofthepark,___15___theopeningandclosingceremoniesofthe2022BeijingWinterOlympicswerehosted.TheNationalAquaticsCenteror“WaterCube”hostedtheswimming,divingandsynchronizedswimmingevents.Itwastransformed___16___the“IceCube”forthe2022BeijingWinterOlympicandParalympicGames,anddetachablecurlingtrackswerebuiltontheswimmingpooltohostcurlingevents.CWorldEnvironmentDay(WED)isadayweallneedtoputinour___17___(diary).IthappensonJune5everyyearandshouldbeoneofthemostimportantdaysoftheholidaycalendar.WED___18___(create)in1972bytheUnitedNationsGeneralAssembly.Theenvironmentwasn’tsuchabigissuebackthen.Butitisoneofthehottesttopicsintheworldtoday.WEDhelpsraiseworldwideawarenessofthethreatstoourenvironment.___19___peoplecandothatdayistostartchanginglifestylestoreducetheircarbonfootprint.Manyenvironmentalagenciesorganizeeventsbasedondifferentthemeseachyear.Theseeventsencouragebothgovernmentsandlocalcommunitiestoworktogether___20___(handle)environmentalproblems.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATohelpnewstudents,theInternationalBusinessInstitute(IBI)planstosetupabuddy(伙伴)peersupportproject.TheprojectwillhelpnewstudentsmeetcurrentstudentsatIBIwhocanprovidethemwithsomefriendlycompanyduringtheirfirstmonthsinNewcastleandhelpthemwithanysmallproblemsthattheymayhave.What’sinitforyou?Webelievethatbeingabuddywillberewardinginseveralways.Asavolunteer,itwillbepersonallysatisfyingtoknowthatyouareabletohelpnewstudents.Itwillalsohelpyoumakecontactsthatmaybevaluableinyourfutureacademicandprofessionallives.Ifyouareanoverseasstudent,itwillgiveyouanotheropportunitytopractisespeakingEnglish.Responsibilitiesofbuddies·Telephoneandarrangetomakecontactwiththenewstudent.·Meetthestudentandshowhim/heraroundthecampusandthelocalarea.AnswerquestionsaboutlivinginNewcastleandadministrationproceduresatIBI.·Arrangetomeetthenewstudentonemorningorafternoononeweekendearlyinthesemester,andtakethestudenttoplacesthatyouenjoyinNewcastle.·Bepreparedtotakephonecallsfromthenewstudenttoanswerfurtherquestionsthathe/shemayhavefromtimetotime.Meettoexplaininformationtothenewstudentinperson,ifrequired.·Youwillbematchedtoanindividualnewstudent.However,ifyouhavefriendswhoarealsobuddies,youmightprefertoformasupportgrouptogether.Thiswouldmeanthatyoumeetthenewstudentsasagroupratherthanone-on-one.·Beingabuddyisvoluntary.Thereisno“requirement”toprovideassistancebeyondthehelpoutlinedabove.Pleasenotethatifyouagreetobecomeapeersupportbuddy,youwillbeexpectedtofulfilyourroleconscientiouslyandcheerfully.Itwillbeimportanttobeconsiderateandreliablesothatthestudentcanfeelconfidentinyoursupport.21.Accordingtothepassage,whatbenefitcanyougetfrombeingabuddy?A.Youcanlearnhowtobeaconfidentperson.B.Itiseasyforyoutofindsomefriendlycompany.C.Youcanberewardedwithbothmoneyandprizes.D.Itmaybehelpfulforyourfuturestudiesandcareer.22.Asabuddy,youneedto________.A.formasupportgroupwithothervolunteersatIBIB.provideassistanceinstudyingeachsubjectafterclassC.meetthenewstudenteverymorningearlyinthesemesterD.helpthenewstudentgetfamiliarwithhisorhersurroundings23.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Tointroducecampuslifefornewstudents.B.Toattractpotentialvolunteerstobepeersupporters.C.ToofferanopportunitytopractisespeakingEnglish.D.Toprovidesomeinformationaboutstudyingoverseas.BBornwithseverehearingloss,Lihasfoundherwaytocommunicatewiththeworld—throughpainting.Beforelearningtopaint,Lialwaysfeltlonelyinasilentworld.Sheknewshewasdifferentfromherpeersbecauseshecouldnothear.Butapaintingclassinprimaryschoolopenedforheradoortocreativityandawayofexpression.“Istillremembermyfirstmural,whichwastohelpakindergartentodesignandpaintitswall,”Lisays.“TheprojectmademerealizehowhappyIwasimmersingmyselfintopainting.”Topursueherpassionforart,Liwenttostudyadvertisingdesignatavocationalandtechnicalschool.“Paintingbrushescanhelpmecreateacolorfulworldinmyimagination,tellingmythoughtsonpaper,insteadofthroughvoices,”Lisaid.Graduatingfromcollegein2005,Ligotajobasatypistatapublicinstitute.Butshecouldnotcommunicatewellwithherothercolleagues.Herhusbandunderstoodhowshefeltbecausehelosthishearingduetomedicationwhenhewas1yearold.Heisalsoanartlover.InMarch2016,underherhusband’ssuggestion,Liquitherjobandjoinedherhusband’scompany,whichspecializesin3Dwallandgroundpaintings.Wallpaintingisademandingjobbecauseitrequirespeopletoworkoutdoors,whetherinextremelycoldorhotweather.Asallthepeoplearehearing-impairedintheircompany,communicationwithclientsisthemostcommonchallengethattheteamfaces.Nowinmanyparksandscenicspots,thecouplehavecreatedlarge-scalemuralsandinteractivepavementpaintingthatmakeonlookersapartofthedrawings.

“MyhusbandandIwanttointroducepaintingtomorepeoplelikeusandhelpthemfindtheirownwaytomakealiving,”Lisays.NowLihasanapprenticewhojustgraduatedfromcollege.Whilecoachingthenewcomer,Liisexploringherownstyleandhopestobecomeanillustratorandopenherownexhibitiononeday.“They’reenergeticyoungpeoplewithapassiontocreatenewthings,andyoucanfeelthatintheirpaintings,”oneoftheirclientssaid.“They’realsoaprofessional,dedicatedteam,oftenworkinglateintothenightonthedesignsforus.”Lihopesthattheirstoriescanencouragemorehearing-impairedpeopletobuildtheirowncareersandachievetheirgoals,regardlessofhowtoughitmaybe.24.Accordingtothepassage,thepaintingclassinprimaryschool________.A.startedLi’sfirstadvertisingdesignB.helpedLifindanewwaytoexpressherselfC.madeLilearnabout3DwallandgroundpaintingsD.turnedLi’sdreamofopeninganexhibitionintoreality25.Whatcanweknowfromthispassage?A.Licancommunicatewithherclientseasily.B.LilostherhearingwhenshewasIyearold.C.Liandherhusbandhavecreatedmanywonderfulpaintings.D.Liandherhusbandhopetobecomeillustratorsinthefuture.26.Tohelppeoplewithhearingloss,whatdoesLiintendtodo?A.Donatemoneytothem. B.Designpaintinggiftsforthem.C.Inspirethemtocreatetheirowncareers. D.Supportthemtocompletecollegeeducation.27.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn. B.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.C.Acceptingwhatyouhavemakesyouhappy. D.Nothingisimpossibletothemanwhowilltry.CVastunderwatermeadows(草甸)ofgentlywavingseagrasscoverhundredsofmilesupanddowntheWestCoast.Theseblue-greenfieldsperformavarietyofimportantservices.Theyprotecttheshorelinefromerosion,clearpollutantsfromthewaterandprovidehabitatsforallkindsofmarineanimals.Newresearchsuggestsseagrassmeadowsmayalsomitigateaseriousconsequenceofgreenhousegasemissions:thesteadyacidificationofoceanwaters.ThestudypublishedinthejournalGlobalChangeBiologyfindsthatseagrassforestscanraisepHlevelsincoastalwaters.Astheyperformphotosynthesis(光合作用),theyremovecarbondioxidefromthewater,counteractingtheacidifyingeffectofthegas.“Ithinkweareallveryexcitedaboutit,”saidleadstudyauthorAuroraRicart,ascientistattheBigelowLaboratoryforMarineSciences.Oceanacidificationisasideeffectofrisingcarbondioxidelevelsintheatmosphere.SomeofthisCO2dissolvesoutoftheairandintothesea,causingachemicalreactionthatlowersthewater’spH.Scientistssometimesrefertoitasglobalwarming’s“eviltwin”—aninvisiblecompaniontoclimatechange.Oceanacidificationcanhaveharmfuleffectsonmarineorganismslikeshellfishandcoralbypreventingthemfromproperlyformingthehardshellstheyneedtosurvive.It’sathreatbothtonaturalecosystemsandtoshellfishfisheriesaroundtheworld.Thestudypresentsanaturalwaytoaddresstheproblem.Researchersanalyzedsixyearsofdatafromseagrassmeadowsspanningmorethan600milesofftheCaliforniacoastline.Itfocusedonthecommoneelgrass,oneofthemostwidespreadseagrassspeciesontheWestCoast.Theauthorsclaimit’sthelargest,mostcomprehensivestudyofitskind.Accordingtothestudy,seagrassecosystemscanraisepHlevelsbymorethan0.1unit,equivalenttoabouta30%decreaseinacidity.Theeffectisn’tconstant.Itcomesinwavesandisinfluencedbytemperature,daylight,oceancurrentsandotherfactorsthataffectwaterchemistryandseagrassphotosynthesisrates.Butthetemperinginfluenceonacidificationcanbelasting,sometimespersistingforuptothreeweeksatatime.ThestudyalsoshowsthatpHishigherinseagrassecosystems,comparedtonearbyareaswithnoseagrass,about65%ofthetime.Thestudydidn’tinvestigatetheeffectsofhigherpHonmarineorganisms—that’saquestionforfutureresearch.Butthere’sreasontobelievethesemeadowsmayhaveapositiveinfluenceonshellfishandotheroceananimals.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.SeagrassforestscanlowerpHlevelsofcoastalwaters.B.Shellfishandcoralsarenotaffectedbyoceanacidification.C.Seagrassmeadowscanhelpremovepollutantsfromtheseawater.D.TheeffectsofhigherpHonmarineorganismswereinvestigatedinthisstudy.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigate”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Relieve. B.Present. C.Cause. D.Predict.30.Paragraph7tellsustheresearch________.A.findings B.process C.questions D.reflection31.Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?A.Toillustratetheserioussituationofclimatechange.B.Topresentthelivingconditionsoftheunderwatermeadows.C.Toemphasizetheimportanceofresearchonmarinepollution.D.Tointroduceanaturalwaytosolvetheproblemofoceanacidification.DWhenspecialoccasionssuchasbirthdaysorotherbigholidayeventscomearound,parentsoftenlookforthatspecialtoyfortheirchildren.Butthereisagrowingunderstandingthatgiftsoftimeandbonding,suchasvacationsandotherexperiences,makebetterandmorelastinggiftsforchildren.Expertsagreethatgiftingchildrenwithmemorabletripsandfunexperiencesisbetterfortheirbodyandmind,andhascorrespondingpositiveimpactsontherestofthefamily!Ina2017studythatsurveyedabout500womenbetween18and93yearsold,Dr.Oravecz,ahumandevelopmentandfamilystudiesprofessoratPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,asked,“Mostpeoplefeellovedwhen...”Thestudyshowedthatthemostpopularanswershadnothingtodowithanymaterialitem.Dr.Oraveczsaid,“Ourresearchfoundthatmicro-momentsofpositivity,likeakindword,ahugwithachildorasympatheticexpression,makepeoplefeelmostloved.”ClinicalpsychologistOliverJamesagrees.Hestatedthatasopposedtotoys,detailsfromatriparemorelikelyto“stickwiththemforlongafterthevacationends.”Whenfamiliesinteractinastress-freeenvironment,thiscreateswarm,generousfeelingstowardsoneanother,whicharelikelytoberememberedwithfondness.Vacationscreatestrongemotionalresponsesthatdon’toftencomewithmaterialpossessions.Inaddition,BritishchildpsychologistDr.MargotSunderlandbelievesthatvacationsmakechildrensmarter.“Whatislesswidelyknownisthatvacationscanalsoadvancebraindevelopmentinchildren.Thisisbecauseonafamilyvacation,youareexercisingtwogeneticallyingrainedsystemsdeepinthebrain’slimbic(边缘的)area,whichcanalltooeasilybe‘unexercised’inthehome.”CitingtheworkofneuroscientistJaakPanksepp,Dr.Sunderlandsaid,“ThesearethePLAYsystemandtheSEEKINGsystem.”“Thebrain’sPLAYsystemisexercisedeverytimeyouburyyourchild’sfeetinthesandortakethemforarideonyourback.TheSEEKINGsystemisexercisedeachtimeyougoexploringtogether:thebeach,acave,ahiddenvillage...”Shecontinued,“Sowhenyoutakeyourchildonavacation,youaresupportingtheirexplorativeurge(SEEKINGsystem)—avitalresourceforlivinglifewell,andtheircapacitytoplay(PLAYsystem).Inadulthood,thistranslatesintotheabilitytoplaywithideas—essential,forexample,tothesuccessfulentrepreneur(企业家).”Inabusyhousehold,perhapsthefunofhavingthelatesttoymaynotlast,butthespaceitoccupiesinthehousecouldbethereandgatherdust.Soforthenextroundofgift-givingwiththechildren,consideranexperientialgiftinstead.Thereturnisdefinitelypriceless.32.FromDr.Oravecz’sstudy,weknowthat________.A.hearingkindwordscanmakeapersonfeelmostlovedB.aspecialtoyforabirthdayismorelastingforchildrenC.womenattheageof18and93yearsoldfeelmorelovedD.thefeelingofbeinglovediscloselyrelatedtomaterialgifts33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Thecapacitytoplaycantranslateintotheabilitytoseek.B.TheSEEKINGsystemcandevelopwhenadventuringinthewild.C.PLAYandSEEKINGsystemsaremoreeasilyexercisedathome.D.Buryingyourchild’sfeetinthemudisexercisingtheSEEKINGsystem.34.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethat________.A.materialgiftsarebetterforachild’sbodyandmindB.childrenspendingvacationswiththeirparentsaremoregenerousC.tripswithfamilycanformbetteremotionalinteractionsthanmaterialgiftsD.vacationswithemployeesareawasteoftimeforasuccessfulentrepreneur第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Hasanyoneevertoldyou,“Standupstraight!”orscoldedyouforsittinglazilyatafamilydinner?Commentslikethatmightbeannoying,butthey’renotwrong.___35___Itisthefoundationforeverymovementyourbodymakes,andcandeterminehowwellyourbodyadaptstothestressesonit.Thesestressescanbethingslikecarryingweight,orsittinginanawkwardposition.___36___Ifyourpostureisn’tgoodenough,yourmuscleshavetoworkhardertokeepyouuprightandbalanced.Somemuscleswillbecometightandinflexible.___37___Itincreasesthelikelihoodofaccidents,andmakessomeorgans,likeyourlungs,lessefficient.Sowhatdoesgoodposturelooklike?Ifyou’resitting,yourneckshouldbevertical,nottiltedforward.Yourshouldersshouldberelaxedwithyourarmsclosetoyourtrunk.Yourkneesshouldbeatarightanglewithyourfeetflatonthefloor.Butwhatifyourposturecan’tbethatgreat?___38___Forexample,adjustyourscreensoit’satorslightlybeloweyelevel.Makesureallpartsofyourbody,likeyourelbowsandwrists,aresupportedIt’salsonotenoughtojusthavegoodposture.Keepingyourmusclesandjointsmovingisextremelyimportant.Infact,beingstillforlongperiodswithgoodposturecanbeworsethanregularmovementwithbadposture.___39___Andbesuretoexercise.Usingyourmuscleswillkeepthemstrongenoughtosupportyoueffectively,ontopofalltheotherbenefitstoyourjoints,bones,brainandheart.A.Tryredesigningyourenvironment.B.Youadjustyourbodyunlessyoufeeltired.C.Soifyousitalot,getupandmovearoundonoccasion.D.Andthebigonethatweallexperienceeverydayisgravity.E.Besides,poorpostureleadstoextrawearandtearonyourjoints.F.Posturecaneveninfluenceyouremotionalstateandyoursensitivitytopain.G.Yourposturereferstothewayyouholdyourbodywhenyou’resittingorstanding.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Throughoutourlives,wearefacedwithmanydifferentlearningexperiences.Someoftheseexperienceshavemademoreofanimpactthanothers.Thiscanbeduetodifferentintelligencesorlearningstyles.Aperson’slearningstyleor“intelligence”isthemethodthroughwhichtheygaininformationmosteasily.Thetheoryofmultipleintelligenceswasproposedin1983byDr.GardnerinhisbookFramesofMind:TheTheoryofMultipleIntelligences,anditsuggeststhattraditionalideasaboutintelligence,measuredbystandardizedIQtests,areverylimited.Accordingtohim,eightdifferentintelligencesareproposedtodescribetherangeofdifferentabilitiesinchildrenandadults.Theyare:linguistic(语言的)intelligence,logical-mathematicalintelligence,spatial(空间的)intelligence,bodily-kinestheticintelligence,musicalintelligence,interpersonalintelligence,intrapersonalintelligence,andnaturalisticintelligence.Someschoolsfocusattentiononlinguisticandlogical-mathematicalintelligences.However,Dr.Gardnersaysthatweshouldplaceequalattentiononpeoplewhopossesstheotherintelligences:designers,athletes,musicians,salesmen,psychologists,andbiologists.Educationcanbemuchmoreinterestingandhelpmorestudentstolearnmoreeffectivelyifteachersareencouragedtopresentlessonsinawidevarietyofwaysusingmusic,groupwork,artactivities,role-play,multimedia,fieldtrips,amongothers.Thegoodnewsisthathundredsofschoolsarecurrentlyusingthetheoryofmultipleintelligencestodesignthewaytheyeducatechildren.Bydoingso,studentswillperformbetterandstoremoreimportantinformationintheirminds.Understandingastudent’slearningstylecanhelplaterinlifeandleadthemintoamorefulfillingcareerdirection.Thetheoryofmultipleintelligencesalsogivesadultsawholenewwaytolookattheirlives,examiningpotentialsthattheyleftbehindintheirchildhood,suchasaloveforartordrama.Theymaynowhavetheopportunitytodevelopthesethroughhobbiesorotherprogramsofself-development.40.Accordingtothepassage,whatisaperson’slearningstyle?41.WhatdoesDr.Gardnerusetheeightintelligencestodescribe?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Tohelpstudentsperformbetterandstoremoreimportantinformationintheirminds,schoolsshouldfocusonlinguisticandlogical-mathematicalintelligences.43.Whichintelligencedoyouwanttodevelopmost?Why?(Inabout40words)第