凯撒大帝(英语介绍)

1Veni,vidi,vici.Icame,Isaw,Iconquered.JuliusCaesar(凯撒)

2Outline

Bornandfamily

Politicallife

ThedeathofCaesarAssessmentCaesar’sreforms

Caesar’sworks3Born:inRomeonJuly12or13100BCinaNoblefamilyDistinguishedandinfluentialfamily

Relatives:manyofhisrelativesplaystheroleasConsul

(执政官),grandjustice(大法官)andsoonUncle:SextusJuliusthegrandjustice(大法官)Aunt:JuliamarriedfamousGaiusMarius(马略)Father

：ministoroffinanceandviceroy(总督)Mother：fromapowerfulnoblefamily4Politicallife：onthewayup69BC：Quaestor（财务官吏）65BC：Aedile（行政官）62BC：Praetor（执政官）

62BC：

CaesarwasappointedtogovernSpain,probablywithproconsular(总督)powers.69bc：Hisauntandwifebothdied.ThenheleftforSpain

forwork.63BC：

HeranforelectiontothepostofPontifexMaximus(大祭司长）,chiefpriestoftheRomanstatereligion.560BC:Threeoverlordsform

analliance------

thefirstTriumvirate

(三头同盟)CaesarPompey(庞贝)Crassus（克拉苏）6Thegentry

﹨—／﹨—

MarcusBibulus

(毕布路斯）7GallicWars

（高卢战争）AaggressivewaragainstGaul(高卢).Toenlargethecontinentandaggrandizehimself.8CivilWarVSAfterthat,thehumanworldisatragedy;nottocrosstheriver,ismyownruin.9RunawaytoEgyptandKilledbyEgyptian

庞培PompeyCaesarfellinlovewiththeEgyptianqueenCleopatra.10CaesarwasnowmasterofRomeandmadehimselfconsulanddictator.Heusedhispowertocarryoutmuch-neededreforms,themostimportantofwhichwashisreformofthecalendar.ReformsRelievingDebtEnlargingthesenateBuildingtheForumIulium11Caesar’sReformspublicworks

：

builtforum(公共讨论的广场)andmanyotherpublicworksreform

ofthecalendar(儒略历)Thecalendaratthetimewasregulatedbythemovementofthemoon,andthishadresultedinagreatdealofdisorder.CaesarreplacedthiscalendarwiththeEgyptiancalendar,whichwasregulatedbythesun.Hesetthelengthoftheyearto365.25daysbyaddinganintercalary/leapdayattheendofFebruaryeveryfourthyear.12TheDeathofCaesarHissuccessandambitionalienatedstronglyrepublicansenators.Agroupofthese,ledbyCassiusandBrutus,assassinatedCaesarontheIdesofMarch44BC.13TheDeathofCaesarMar15th44b.cCaesar’swaskilledMar15th44b.cCaesar’swaskilled.14HisworksDuringhislifetime,Caesarwasregardedasoneofthebestorators（演讲家）andprose（散文）authorsinLatin—evenCicero（西塞罗）spokehighlyofCaesar'srhetoricandstyle.OnlyCaesar'swarcommentarieshavesurvived.15HisworksMemoirs

/wiki/File:Commentarii_de_Bello_Gallico.jpgCommentariideBelloGallico,usuallyknowninEnglishasTheGallicWars《高卢战记》TheCommentariideBelloCivili(TheCivilWar)《内战记》OtherworkshistoricallyhavebeenattributedtoCaesar,buttheirauthorshipisindoubt.16AssessmentJuliusCaesarwasaRomangeneral,statesman,ConsulandnotableauthorofLatinprose.Caesarisdeemedtobeoneofthegreatestmilitarycommandersinhis