2023年6月大学英语六级考试听力原文+答案

年6月大学英语六级考试听力原文+答案2023年6月大学英语六级考试听力原文+答案2023年6月大学英语六级考试听力原文+答案2023年6月大学英语六级考试听力原文+答案SectionALongConversations（长对话）ConversationOneM:SohowlonghaveyoubeenaMarketResearchConsultant?W:Well,Istartedstraightafterfinishinguniversity.M:Didyoustudymarketresearch?W:Yeah,anditreallyhelpedmetogetintotheindustry,butIhavetosaythatit’smoreimportanttogetexperienceindifferenttypesofmarketresearchtofindoutexactlywhatyou’reinterestedin.M:Sowhatareyouinterestedin?W:Well,atthemoment,Ispecializeinquantitativeadvertisingresearch,whichmeansthatIdotwotypesofprojects.Trackers,whichareongoingprojectsthatlookattrendsorcustomersatisfactionoveralongperiodoftime.Theonlyproblemwithtrackersisthatittakesupalotofyourtime.Butyoudobuildupagoodrelationshipwiththeclient.Ialsodoacoupleofad-hocjobswhicharemuchshorterprojects.M:Whatexactlydoyoumeanbyad-hocjobs?W:It’sbasicallywhencompaniesneedquickanswerstotheirquestionsabouttheirconsumers’habits.Theyjustaskforonequestionnairetobesentoutforexample,sothetimeyouspendonanad-hocprojecttendstobefairlyshort.M:Whichdoyouprefer,trackersorad-hoc?W:IlikedoingbothandinfactIneedtodobothatthesametimetokeepmefromgoingcrazy.Ineedthevariety.M:Canyoujustexplainwhatprocessyougothroughwithanewclient?W:Well,togetherwedecideonthemethodologyandtheobjectivesoftheresearch.Ithendesignaquestionnaire.Oncetheinterviewershavebeenbriefed,Isendtheclientascheduleandthentheygetbacktomewithdeadlines.Oncethefinalchartsandtablesareready,Ihavetocheckthemandorganizeapresentation.M:Hmm,onelastquestion,whatdoyoulikeanddislikeaboutyourjob?W:AsIsaid,varietyisimportantandasforwhatIdon’tlike,ithastobethecheckingofchartsandtables.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.Q1:Whatpositiondoesthewomanholdinthecompany?Q2:Whatdoesthewomanspecializeinatthemoment?Q3:Whatdoesthewomansayabouttrackers?Q4:Whatdoesthewomandislikeaboutherjob?ConversationTwoW:Hello,I’mherewithFrederick.NowFred,youwenttouniversityinCanada?M:Yeah,that’sright.W:OK,andyouhaveverystrongviewsaboutuniversitiesinCanada.Couldyoupleaseexplain?M:Well,wedon’thaveprivateuniversitiesinCanada.They’reallpublic.Alltheuniversitiesareownedbythegovernment,sothereistheMinistryofEducationinchargeofcreatingthecurriculumfortheuniversitiesandsothereisnotmuchroomforflexibility.Sinceit’sagovernmentoperatedinstitution,thingsdon’tmoveveryfast.Ifyouwantsomethingtobedone,thentheirstaffdonothavesomuchincentivetohelpyoubecausehe’saworkerforthegovernment.SoIdon’tthinkit’sveryefficient.However,therearecertainadvantagesofpublicuniversities,suchasthefeesbeingfree.Youdon’thavetopayforyoureducation.Butthesystemisn’tefficient,anditdoesnotworkthatwell.W:Yeah,Icanseeyourpoint,butintheUnitedStateswehavemanyprivateuniversities,andIthinktheyarelargebureaucraciesalso.Maybepeopledon’tactthatmuchdifferently,becauseit’sthesamethingworkingforaprivateuniversity.Theygetpaidfortheirjob.Idon’tknowifthey’rethatmuchmoremotivatedtohelppeople.Also,wehaveaproblemintheUnitedStatesthatusuallyonlywealthykidsgotothebestschoolsandit’skindofaproblemactually.M:Iagreewithyou.Ithinkit’saproblembecauseyou’renotgivingequalaccesstoeducationtoeverybody.It’snoteasy,buthavingonlypublicuniversitiesalsomightnotbethebestsolution.PerhapswecanlearnfromJapanwheretheyhaveasystemofprivateandpublicuniversities.Now,inJapan,publicuniversitiesareconsideredtobethebest.W:Right.It’stheexactoppositeintheUnitedStates.M:So,asyousee,it’sveryhardtosaywhichoneisbetter.W:Right,agoodpoint.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.Q5:WhatdoesthewomanwantFredericktotalkabout?Q6:WhatdoesthemansayaboutthecurriculuminCanadianuniversities?Q7:Onwhatpointdothespeakersagree?Q8:Whatpointdoesthemanmakeattheendoftheconversation?SectionBPassagesPassageOnePassage1ArecentInternationalLabourOrganizationreportsaysthedeteriorationofrealwagesaroundtheworldcallsintoquestionthetrueextentofaneconomicrecovery,especiallyifgovernmentrescuepackagesarephasedouttooearly.Thereportwarnsthepictureonwagesislikelytogetworsethisyear,despiteindicationsofaneconomicrebound.PatrickBelser,anInternationalLabourOrganizationspecialist,saysdecliningwageratesarelinkedtothelevelsofunemployment.“Thequitedramaticunemploymentfigures,whichwenowseeinsomeofthecountries,stronglysuggestthattherewillbegreaterpressureonwagesinthefutureasmorepeoplewillbeunemployed,morepeoplewillbelookingforjobsandthepressureonemployerstoraisewagestoattractworkerswilldecline.So,weexpectthatthesecondpartoftheyearwillnotbeverygoodintermsofwagegrowth.”Thereportfindsmorethanaquarterofthecountriesexperiencedflatorfallingmonthlywagesinrealterms.Theyinclude,theUnitedStates,Austria,CostaRica,SouthAfricaandGermany.InternationalLabourOrganizationeconomistssaysomenationshavecomeupwithpolicestolessentheimpactoflowerwagesduringtheeconomiccrisis.Anexampleoftheseisworksharingwithgovernmentsubsidies.Underthisscheme,thenumberofindividualworkinghoursisreducedinanefforttoavoidlayoffs.Forthisschemetowork,thegovernmentmustprovidewagesubsidiestocompensateforlostpayduetotheshorterhours.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Q9.WhatistheInternationalLaborOrganizationreportmainlyabout?Q10.AccordingtoanInternationalLaborOrganizationspecialist,howwillemployersfeeliftherearemorepeoplelookingforjobs?Q11.Whatdoesthespeakmeanby”theworksharingscheme”?PassageTwoIstherereallyamagicmemorypilloraherbalrecallremedy?Ihavebeenfrequentlyaskedifthesememorysupplementswork.Youknow,oneofthefirstthingsIliketotellpeoplewhentheyaskmeaboutthesupplements,isthatalotofthemarepromotedasacureforyourmemory.Butyourmemorydoesn’tneedacure.Whatyourmemoryneedsisagoodwork-out.Soreallythosesupplementsaren’tgoingtogiveyouthatperfectmemoryinthewaythattheypromise.Theotherthingisthatalotofthesesupplementsaren’tnecessarilywhattheyclaimtobe,andyoureallyhavetobewarywhenyoutakeanyofthem.Thescienceisn’ttherebehindmostofthem.They’renotreallywell-regulatedunlesstheyadheretosomeindustrystandard.Youdon’treallyknowthatwhattheysayisinthere,isn’tthere.Whatyoumustunderstandisthatthosesupplements,especiallyinsomeeasterncultures,arepartofamedicalpracticetradition.Peopledon’tjustgoinalocalgrocerystoreandbuythesesupplements.Infact,theyareprescribedandthey’regivenatacertainlevel,adosagethatisunderstoodbyapractitionerwho’sbeentrained.Andthat’snotreallythewaythey’reusedinthiscountry.Theotherthingpeopledoforgetisthatthesearemedicines,sotheydohaveanimpact.Alotoftimespeoplearenotreallyawareoftheimpacttheyhave,orthefactthattakingthemincombinationwithothermedicationsmightputyouatincreasedriskforsomethingthatyouwouldn’totherwisebeingcounteringorbeatriskfor.Q12.Whatquestionisfrequentlyputtothespeaker?Q13.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutmostmemorysupplements?Q14.Whatdowelearnaboutmemorysupplementsineasterncultures?Q15.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutmemorysupplementsattheend?【Lectures】（讲座—）Lecture1Thenegativeimpactsofnaturaldisasterscanbeseeneverywhere.Injustthepastfewweeks,theworldhaswitnessedthedestructivepowersofearthquakesinIndonesia,typhoonsinthePhilippines,andthedestructiveseawavesthatstruckSamoaandneighboringislands.AstudybytheCenterforResearchontheEpidemiologyofDisastersfindsthat,between1980and2023,nearly8,400naturaldisasterskilledmorethantwo-millionpeople.Thesecatastrophiceventscausedmorethan$1.5trillionineconomiclosses.U.N.weatherexpertGeoffreyLovesaysthatisthebadnews.”Overthelast50years,economiclosseshaveincreasedbyafactorof50.Thatsoundsprettyterrible,butthelossoflifehasdecreasedbyafactorof10simplybecausewearegettingbetteratwarningpeople.Wearemakingadifference.Extremeevents,however,willcontinuetooccur.But,themessageisthattheymaynotbedisasters.”Love,whoisdirectorofWeatherandDisasterRiskReductionattheWorldMeteorologicalOrganization,saysmostofthedeathsandeconomiclosseswerecausedbyweather,climate,orwater-relatedextremes.Theseincludedroughts,floods,windstorms,strongtropicalwindsandwildfires.Hesaysextremeeventswillcontinue.But,hesaysextremeeventsbecomedisastersonlywhenpeoplefailtoprepareforthem.“Manyoftheremediesarewell-known.Fromaplanningperspective,itisprettysimple.Buildbetterbuildings.Don’tbuildwherethehazardswilldestroythem.Fromanearly-warningperspective,makesurethewarningsgorightdowntothecommunitylevel.Buildcommunityactionplans.”TheWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationpointstoCubaandBangladeshasexamplesofcountriesthathavesuccessfullyreducedthelossoflifecausedbynaturaldisastersbytakingpreventiveaction.Itsaystropicalcyclonesformerlyclaimeddozens,ifnothundredsoflives,eachyear,inCuba.But,thedevelopmentofanearly-warningsystemhasreversedthattrend.In2023,Cubawashitbyfivesuccessivehurricanes,butonlysevenpeoplewerekilled.Bangladeshalsohasachievedsubstantialresults.Majorstormsurgesin1970and1991causedthedeathsofabout440,000people.Throughcarefulpreparation,thedeathtollfromasupertropicalstorminNovember2023waslessthan3,500.Q16.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?Q17.Howcanwestopextremeeventsfromturningintoevents?Q18.WhatdoestheexampleofCubaservetoshow?Lecture2AsU.S.banksrecoveredwiththehelpofAmericangovernmentandtheAmericantaxpayers,presidentObamaheldmeetingswithtopbankexecutives,tellingthemit’stimetoreturnthefavor.“ThewayIseeitarebanksnowhavingagreaterobligationtothegoalofawiderecovery,”hesaid.Butthepresidentmaybegivingthefinancialsectortoomuchcredit.“Itwasinafreefall,anditwasaveryscaryperiod.”EconomistMartinNeilBailysaid.AfterthefailureofLehmanBrothers,manyoftheworld’slargestbanksfearedtheworstasthecollapseofthehousingbubbleexposedininvestmentsinriskyloans.Althoughhesaystheworstisjustover,Baileysaysthebankingcrisisisnot.Morethan130USbanksfailedin2023.Hepredictshighfailureratesforsmaller,regionalbanksin2023ascommercialrealestateloanscomedue.“Sotheremayactuallybeaworseningofcreditavailabilitytosmallandmediumsizedbusinessesinthenextyearorso.”Analystssaythebiggestproblemishighunemployment,whichweakensdemandandmakesbanksreluctanttolend.ButUSBankcorpchiefRichardDavisseesthesituationdifferently.“We’reprobablymoreoptimisticthantheexpertsmightbe.Withthatinmind,we’reputtingeverythingwecan,lendingisthecoaltoourengine,sowewanttomakemoreloans.Wehavetofindawaytoqualifymorepeopleandnotputourselvesatrisk.”Whilesomeeconomistspredictcontinuedrecoveryinthefuture,Bailysaystheonlycertaintyisthatbanksareunlikelytomakethesamemistakes-twice.”Youknow,forecasting’sbecomeaveryhazardousbusinesssoIdon’twanttocommitmyselftoomuch.Idon’tthinkweknowexactlywhat’sgoingtohappenbutit’scertainlypossiblethatwecouldgetveryslowgrowthoverthenextyearortwo.”Iftheeconomystartstoshrinkagain,Bailysaysitwouldmakeastrongcaseforasecondstimulus--somethingtheObamaadministrationhopeswillnotbenecessary.Q19.WhatdosepresidentObamahopethebankswilldo?Q20.WhatisMartinNeilBaily’spredictionaboutthefinancialsituationinthefuture?Q21.WhatdoesU.S.BankcorpchiefRichardDavissayaboutitsfutureoperation?Q22.WhatdoesMartinNeilBailythinkofasecondstimulustotheeconomy?Lecture3Anewstudyhasfailedtofindanyconclusiveevidencethatlifestylechangescanpreventcognitivedeclineinolderadults.Stilltherearestillgoodreasonstomakepositivechangesinhowweliveandwhatweeatasweage.Cognitivedeclineisthelossofabilitytolearnnewskills,orrecallwords,names,andfacesthatismostcommonasweage.Toreduceoravoidit,researchershaveexaminedtheeffectofsmoking,diet,brain-challenginggames,exerciseandotherstrategies.ResearchersatDukeUniversityscrutinizedmorethan160publishedstudiesandfoundanabsenceofstrongevidencethatanyoftheseapproachescanmakeabigdifference.Co-authorJamesBurkehelpeddesignthestudy.”IntheobservationalstudieswefoundthatsomeoftheBvitaminswerebeneficial.”said.”Exercise,diet,cognitivestimulationshowedsomepositiveeffects,althoughtheevidencewasnotsostrongthatwecouldactuallyconsiderthesefirmlyestablished.”Somepreviousstudieshavesuggestedthatchallengingyourbrainwithmentallystimulatingactivitiesmighthelp.AndBurkesaidthatactuallydoesseemtohelp,basedonrandomizedstudies-theresearcher’sgoldstandard.“Cognitivestimulationisoneoftheareaswherewedidfindsomebenefit.Theexacttypeofstimulationthatanindividualusesisnotasimportantasbeingintellectuallyengaged,”.Theexpertreviewalsofoundinsufficientevidencetorecommendanydrugsordietarysupplementsthatcouldpreventorslowcognitivedecline.However,giventhatthereisatleastsomeevidenceforpositiveeffectsfromsomeoftheselifestylechanges,plusotherbenefitsapparentlyunrelatedtocognitivedecline,Burkeofferedsomerecommendations.“Ithinkthatbyhavingpeopleadoptahealthylifestyle,bothfromamedicalstandpointaswellasnutritionalandcognitivestimulationstandpoint,thatwecanreducetheincidenceofcognitivedecline,whichwillbeproofthatthesefactorsare,infact,important.”JamesBurkeofDukeUniversityisoneoftheauthorsofastudyreviewingpreviousresearchoncognitivedecline.Thep