英语四级改革阅读理解新题型匹配练习

大大练习PartⅢReadingComprehension(40SectionB(原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变。篇章后附有Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Caringforelderlyparentscatchesmany[A]LastJuly,JulieBaldocchi，smotherhadamassivestrokeandwasparalyzed.Baldocchisuddenlyhadto eafamilycaregiver,somethingthatshewasn"tpreparedfor.“Iwasflyingbytheseatofmypants,”saysBaldocchi,anemploymentspecialistinSanFrancisco.Bothofherparentsare83,andsheknewherfathercouldn’thandlehermother’scare.Themendedputtinghermotherinanursinghome.Baldocchiwasn’twillingtodothat.Butmovingherbackintoherparents’homecreatedotherproblems.Baldocchi,48,ismarriedandlivesabouta awayfromherparents.Shehasafull-timejobandhasbackproblemsthatmakeitdifficultforhertolifthermother.“Icouldn’tdoitall,”shesays.“ButIdidn’tevenknowhowtofindhelp.”[B]WithhelpfromtheFamilyCaregiverAlliance,sheeventuallyhiredalive-incaregiver.“Butevenifyou nin lectuallyandlegally,you’reneverreadyfortheemotionalimpact,”Baldocchisays.Inthefirsttwomonthsafterhermother’sstroke,shelostabout30poundsasstressmounted.Morethan42millionAmericansprovidefamilycaregivingforanadultwhoneedshelpwithdailyactivities,accordingtoa2009surveybytheAARP.Anadditional61.6millionprovidedatleastsomecareduringtheyear.Andmanyare[C]Whilemanyparentslackanadvancecaredirective,it’sthemostbasicandimportantsteptheycantake.Thedirectiveincludesseveralparts,including:adurablepowerofattorney,whichgivessomeonelegalauthoritytomakefinancialdecisionsonanother’sbehalf;ahealthcare ,whichissimilartothepowerofattorney,exceptitallowssomeonetomakedecisionsregardingmedicaltreatment;andalivingwillthatoutlinesinstructionsforend-of-lifecare.(Forexample,parentscansayiftheywanttobekeptalivebyartificialmeasures.)“It’sinvaluableforthekids,becauseit’shardtomakethosedecisionsforaparent,”saysJenniferCona,anelder-lawattorneyatGenserDubowGenser&ConainMelville,N.Y.Anadvancecaredirectiveisthefirstlineofdefenseifasituationarises,saysKathleenKelly,executivedirectoroftheFamilyCaregiverAlliance,whichsupportsandeducatescaregivers.Withoutanadvancedirective,thefamilywillhavetopetitionthecourttobeappointedtheparent’slegalguardian,says [D]It’simportantforfamiliestotalkaboutlong-termcaresotheadultchildrenknowtheirparents，preferences,wishesandgoals,saysLynnFeinberg,acaregivingexpertatAARP.Butit’snotaneasyconversation.Elderlyparentsaresometimessuspiciousoftheirchildren’sfinancialmotives,saysSusanJohn,afinancial nneratFinancialFocusinWolfeboro,N.H.OneaskedJohntoholdafamilymeetingbecausetheyneededanintermediarytotalkaboutfinancialissues,shesays.Andwhentherearemanysiblings,thefamilydecisionscan eathree-ringcircuswithmuchacrimony,saysAnn-MargaretCarrozza,anelder-lawattorneyinGlenCove,N.Y.Familieswhoneedinformationandhelpsortingoutdisagreementscancallonelder-lawattorneys, nners,geriatriccaremanagersandcaregiversupportgroups.InFebruary,AARPsaiditwillofferitsmembersanewcaregivingsupportservicethroughfinancialservicesfirmGenworth.[E]Manyfamiliesareunpreparedforquickdecisions,especiallywhentheyfindoutthatMedicaredoesn’tpayforlong-termcare,Feinbergsays.Themediancostofayearinaprivateroomatanursinghomein2011was$77,745,accordingtoGenworth.AndonlythosewhohavespentmostoftheirassetscanqualifyforMedicaidtopayforthenursinghome.[F]Assistedlivingisanotheroption.Residentscanhavetheirownapartmenttomaintainsomeindependence.Butthefacilitiesgenerallyprovidealcareservices,suchasmeals,housekee andassistancewithactivities.Still,it’snotcheap:Thenationalmediancostin2011$39,135,accordingtoGenworth.Assistedlivingisn’tcoveredby[G]Iftheyhaveachoice,atleast90%ofelderlyparentsprefertostayathomeaslongastheycan,accordingtoAARPresearch.Butiftheparentscannolongersafelyliveathome,itcanbehardforchildrentomovethemintoanadultcarefacility.Theremaybeanotheroption.Sometimesthehomecanbemodifiedsoaparentcanstaythere.Forexample,Baldocchiputinachairliftforhermother.Shealsoarrangedforahomecaregiver.[H]Familycaregiverstakeovermanyresponsibilities.Onemightmanageaparent’sfinances,whileanothersiblingwilltaketheparenttodoctors"appointmentsandshop .Thosewhomoveinwithaparenttakeonasignificantandsustainedburdenofcare.JanWalkermovedintohermother’shomeinLeesburg,Fla.Afterhermother,whois83,hadfallen,shewasn’tabletogetaroundaswell.Walker,55,hasthreebrothers.Butsheistheonlydaughter,isdivorcedandhasnochildren.“IalwaysknewthatthiswastherolethatIwouldhave,andIguessmymindwaspreparedforit,”saysWalker,whonowisafull-timecaregiverandworksfromhomeasatutorialinstructorforadigitalscrapbookingwebsite.“Whenyougetintothetrenches,it’s llybaptismbyfire,”shesays.“Newthingscomeup.It’snotjustaboutadvance nningforfinancesormedicalcare.It’severything,”she[I]Caregiversneedtoalsowatchtheirownhealth.“Thereissuchathingascaregiverburnout,”Conasays.Amongfemalecaregivers50andolder,20%reportedsymptomsofdepression,accordingtoa2010studyonworkingcaregiversbyMetLife.“It’sahardjob,”Walkersays.“Butmostworthwhilethingsarehard.ShewasalwaysthereformewhenIneededahel It’sonlynaturalthatIbehereforherWhenelderlyparentscannotliveathomesafely,theirchildrencanchangetheirhomeinsteadofsendingthemtoanadultcarefacility.Totalkaboutlong-termcareisnoteasybecausesometimesagedaresuspiciousoftheirchildren’sfinancialBesidesadvance nningforfinancesormedicalcare,familycaregiverstakeovermanyotherresponsibilities.ThedifferencebetweenadurablepowerofattorneyandahealthcareisthatthelatterallowssomeonetomakedecisionsregardingmedicalBaldocchididnotwanttosendhermothertoanursinghome,butshehaddifficultytakingcareofher.Over42millioncaregivershelpedanadultwitheverydayactivitiesintheUSAin2009.Ifafamilyneedsinformationorhelptosortoutdisagreements,therearemanypeopletheycancallon.Caregiversshouldpayattentiontotheirownhealth,ortheymayburnoutor edepressed.Onewillhavetopetitionthecourttobetheparent’slegalguardian,ifthereisnoadvancedirective.Thenationalmediancostofassistedlivingin2011was$39,135anditisnotcoveredbyMedicaid.Section的家，而不是将他们送到成人看护中心去。注意抓住题干中的 liveathomesafely和adultcarefacility。文章段落中，[G]段提到了上了年纪的父母住在家里不安全和成人看护中心的内容，该段第二至四句提到，如果上了年纪的父母住在家里不再安全，对于孩子来说将他们送到成人看护中心也很难，不过有另外一种选择——可以改变他金钱方面的动机。注意抓住题干中的 talkaboutlong-termcare、suspiciousof和financialmotives。文章段落中，[D]段提到了谈论长期护理和老年人会怀疑自己 ，家庭成员谈论长期护理问题是很重要的，这样才能了解父 有金钱方面的动机。由此可 多责任。注意抓住题干中的 nningforfinancesormedicalcare和manyotherresponsibilities。文章段落中，[H]段首先就提到了家庭护理人员要承担许多责 和医疗规划，一切问题都要考虑到。 出有关医疗方面的决定。注意抓住题干中的 adurablepowerofattorney和ahealthcare 。文章段落中，只有[C]段提到了这两个专有名词，该段第二句 护理指示应该包含adurablepowerofattorney、ahealthcare 和alivingwill。在介绍healthcare 时提到，它与durablepowerofattorney相似，只是 Baldocchi和nursinghome。文章段落中，有几段都提到了Baldocchi,但是提到她不想将母亲送往疗养院但自己照顾母亲又有 [B]。题干意为，2009年， 有超过4200万护理人员帮忙照料成年人的日常生 为Over42millioncaregivers和helpanadultwitheverydayactivities。文章段落中，[B]段倒数第三句提到了Morethan42millionAmericansprovidefamilycaregivingforanadultwhoneedshelpwithdailyactivities,其中Morethan42million和dailyactivities分别与题干中的Over42million和everydayactivities为同义互换。故答案为[B]。助。注意抓住题干中的关键词sortoutdisagreements和callon。文章段落中，[D]段倒数第二句提到，如果一些家庭需要解决纠纷的信息或者帮助，他们可以向老年法 金融规划师、老年人护理经理和护理人员组织求助。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转者变得心情抑郁。注意抓住题干中的 theirownhealth、burnout和depressed。文章段落中，提到要护理人员注意自己身体的是[I]段，该段前三句 在50岁及以上的 显示，有20%的人称自己有抑郁症状。由此可知，题干是对原文这三句话的同义转述，故答案为[I]。题干中的payattentiontotheirownhealth和原文中的watchtheirownhealth对应。 申请。注意抓住题干中的 petitionthecourt、parent’slegalguardian和noadvancedirective。本题比较简单，这几个关键词均在文章[C]段中直接出现，该段最后一句提到，Withoutanadvancedirective,thefamilywillhavetopetitionthecourttobeappointedtheparent’slegalguardian。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[C]。[F]。题干意为，2011年， 生活协助的平均花费为39，135 计划的范围之内。注意抓住题干中的 2011、$39，135和Medicaid。本题也比较容易，扫读全文，可以发现在[F]段出现了2011和$39，135这两 计划之内。由此可知，题干是对练习PartⅢReadingComprehension(40SectionB(原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变。篇章后附有Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.BeautyandBodyImageintheImagesoffemalebodiesareeverywhere.Women—andtheirbodyparts—selleverythingfromfoodtocars.Popularfilmand evisionactressesareingyounger,tallerandthinner.Somehaveevenbeenknowntofaintonthesetfromlackoffood.Women’smagazinesarefullofarticlesurgingthatiftheycanjustlosethoselasttwentypounds,they’llhaveitall—theperfectmarriage,lovingchildren,great ,andarewardingcareer.Whyarestandardsofbeautybeingimposedonwomen,themajorityofwhomarenaturallylargerandmorematurethananyofthemodels?Theroots, ystssay,areeconomic.Bypresentinganidealdifficulttoachieveandmaintain,thecosmeticanddietproductindustriesareassuredofgrowthandprofits.Andit’snoaccidentthatyouthisincreasinglypromoted,alongwiththinness,asanessentialcriterionofbeauty.Ifnotallwomenneedtoloseweight,forsurethey’reallaging,saystheQuebecActionNetworkforWomen’sHealthinits2001report.And,accordingtotheindustry,ageisadisasterthatneedstobedealtwith.Thestakesarehuge.Ontheonehand,womenwhoareinsecureabouttheirbodiesaremorelikelytobuybeautyproducts,newclothes,anddietaids.Itisestimatedthatthedietindustryaloneisworthanywherebetween40to100billion(U.S.)ayearsellingtemporaryweightloss(90%to95%ofdietersregainthelostweight).Ontheotherhand,researchindicatesthatexposuretoimagesofthin,young,air-brushedfemalebodiesislinkedtodepression,lossofself-esteemandthedevelopmentofunhealthyeatinghabitsinwomenandgirls.[D]TheAmericanresearchgroupAnorexiaNervosa&RelatedEatingDisorders,Inc.saysthatoneoutofeveryfourcollege-agedwomenusesunhealthymethodsofweightcontrol—includingfasting,skip excessiveexercise,laxative(泻药)abuse,andself-inducedvomiting.Thepressuretobethinisalsoaffectingyounggirls:theCanadianWomen’sHealthNetworkwarnsthatweightcontrolmeasuresarenowbeingtakenbygirlsasyoungas5and6.Americanstatisticsaresimilar.Severalstudies,suchasoneconductedbyMarikaTiggemannandLevinaClarkin2006titled“AppearanceCulturein9-to12-Year-OldGirls:MediaandPeerInfluencesonBodyDissatisfaction,”indicatethatnearlyhalfofallpreadolescentgirlswishtobethinner,andasaresulthaveengagedinadietorareawareoftheconceptofdieting.In2003,Teenmagazinereportedthat35percentofgirls6to12yearsoldhavebeenonatleastonediet,andthat50to70percentofnormalweightgirlsbelievetheyareoverweight.Overallresearchindicatesthat90%ofwomenaredissatisfiedwiththeirappearanceinsomeway.MediaactivistnKilbourneconcludesthat,“Womenaresoldtothedietindustrybythemagazineswereadandtheevisionprogramswewatch,almostallofwhichmakeusfeelanxiousaboutourweight.”[E]Perhapsthemostdisturbingisthefactthatmediaimagesoffemalebeautyareunattainableforallbutaverysmallnumberofwomen.ResearchersgeneratingacomputermodelofawomanwithBarbie-dollproportions,forexample,foundthatherbackwouldbetooweaktosupporttheweightofherupperbody,andherbodywouldbetoonarrowtocontainmorethanhalfaliverandafewcentimetersofbowel.Arealwomanbuiltthatwaywouldsufferfromchronicdiarrhea(慢性腹泻)andeventuallydiefrommalnutrition.JillBarad,ofMat (whichmanufacturesBarbie),estimatedthat99%ofgirlsaged3to10yearsoldownatleastoneBarbiedoll.Still,thenumberofreallifewomenandgirlswhoseekasimilarlyunderweightbodyisepidemic,andtheycansufferequallydevastatinghealthconsequences.In2006itwasestimatedthatupto450,000Canadianwomenwereaffectedbyaneating[F]Researchersreportthatwomen’smagazineshavetenandone-halftimesmoreadsandarticlespromotingweightlossthanmen’smagazinesdo,andoverthree-quartersofthecoversofwomen’smagazinesincludeatleastonemessageabouthowtochangeawoman’sbodilyappearance—bydiet,exerciseorcosmetic evisionandmoviesrein theimportanceofathinbodyasameasureofawoman’sworth.CanadianresearcherGregoryFoutsreportsthatoverthree-quartersofthefemalecharactersinTVsituationcomediesareunderweight,andonlyoneintwentyareaboveaverageinsize.Heavieractressestendtoreceivenegativecommentsfrommalecharactersabouttheirbodies(“Howaboutwearingasack?，，)，and80percentofthesenegativecommentsarefollowedbycannedaudiencelaughter.[G]Therehavebeeneffortsinthemagazineindustrytobuck(才氐制，反抗)thetrend.ForseveralyearstheQuebecmagazineCoupdePoucehasconsistentlyincludedfull-sizedwomenintheirfashionpagesandCha haspledgednottotouchupphotosandnottoincludemodelslessthan25yearsofage.InMadrid,oneoftheworld’sbiggestfashioncapitals,ultra-thinmodelswerebannedfromtherunwayin2006.FurthermoreSpainhasrecentlyundergoneaprojectwiththeaimtostandardizeclothingsizesthroughusingauniqueprocessinwhichalaserbeamisusedtomeasurereallifewomen’sbodiesinordertofindthemosttruetolifemeasurement.[H]Anotherissueistherepresentationofethnicallydiversewomeninthemedia.A2008studyconductedbyJuanitaCovertandTravisDixontitled“AChangingView:RepresentationandEffectsofthePortrayalofWomenofColorinMainstreamWomen’sMagazines”foundthatalthoughtherewasanincreaseintherepresentationofwomenofcolour,overallwhitewomenwereoverrepresentedinmainstreamwomen’smagazinesfrom1999to2004.[I]Thebarrageofmessagesaboutthinness,dietingandbeauty “ordinary”womenthattheyarealwaysinneedofadjustment—andthatthefemalebodyisanobjecttobeperfected. nKilbournearguesthattheoverwhelmingpresenceofmediaimagesofpainfullythinwomenmeansthatrealwomen’sbodieshave einvisibleinthemassmedia.Therealtragedy,Kilbourneconcludes,isthatmanywomeninternalizestereotypes,andjudgethemselvesbythebeautyindustry’sWomenlearntocomparethemselvesotherwomen,andtocompetewiththemformaleattention.Thisfocusonbeautyanddesirability“effectivelydestroysanyawarenessandactionthatmighthelptochangethatclimate.”AreportinTeenmagazineshowedthat50%to70%girlswithnormalweightthinkthattheyneedtoloseweight.Onthewhole,for6yearswhitewomenhadbeenoccupyingmuchspaceinmainstreamwomen’smagazinessinceSomenegativeeffectssuchasdepressionandunhealthyeatinghabitsinfemalesarerelatedtotheirbeingexposedtoimagesofthinandyoungfemaleThemassmediahashelpedboostthecosmeticandthedietItisreportedthatthereisatleastonemessageaboutthemethodsforwomentochangetheirbodilyappearanceonmorethanthree-quartersofthecoversofwomen’smagazines.Somefilmand evisionactressesevenfaintonthesceneduetoeatingtoolittle.Toomuchconcernwithappearancemakesitimpossibletochangesuchabnormaltrend.ResearchersfoundthatarealwomanwithBarbie-dollproportionswouldeventuallydiefrommalnutrition.TheQuebecmagazineCoup(ePouceresiststhetrendbyconsistentlyincludingfull-sizedwomenintheirfashionpagesforseveralyears.55.Accordingtosome ysts,thefundamentalreasonofimposingstandardsofbeautyonwomeniseconomicprofits.PartⅢReadingSection 称，有50%到70%体重正常的 为自己需要减肥。注意抓住题干中的 magazine、50%to70%和normalweight。文 以及百分比50%到70%的内容在[D]段出现，该段倒数第二句提 当中，有35%的人至少进行过一次减肥， 认为自己超重。由此可知，题干是对该句部分内容的同义转述，故答案为[D]