新目标英语八年级下现在完成时教案及练习

第1页共8页现在完成时态--练习资料我们先来翻译几个句子：1你已经问过这个问题两遍了，别再烦我了。2我能借你的字典用一下吗？对不起，已经借给tom了。你以前见过她吗？不，向来没有过。你以前往过北京吗？是的我去过那边三次。你已经看完那本小说了吗？是的，我已经把它还给图书馆了。＊基本定义：现在完成时有两种用法1.过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果或到现在为止已经发生或完成的动作。2.表示过去发生的、连续到现在的动作或状态

。句型变换1.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.（改为否定句)I__________________beentoMacaubefore2.LiMinghasalreadyfinishedhishomework.（改为一般疑问句并做必定和否定回答）_____________LiMing_____________finishedhishomeworkyet?Theyhavebeenheresince2000.对(划线部散提问)havetheybeenhere?＊句型构成：基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词（p.p）①必定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed）+宾语（也许其他）.②否定句：主语+havenot/hasnot+动词的过去分词（p.p）（V-ed）+宾语.③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词（p.p)（V-ed）+宾语（也许其他）?④特别疑问句：特别疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他第2页共8页将一般过去时的句子改写为现在完成时的句子。1.Myfatherboughtmanybooksformeyesterday.Now,Ihavealottoreadbecause________________________________2.Isawthisfilmlastweek.Now,IknowthisfilmbecauseI_____________________.3.Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.Now,IcangiveittotheteacherbecauseI______________用法一＊一表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,（重申结果现在还存在）比方Ihavejustcleanedmyclothes.我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）Ihavejusthadmybreakfast.对(现在的影响：不饿)Hashehadhisbreakfast?Yes,hehas.领悟时间状语：Ihaveneverheardofthatbefore.Haveyoueverriddenahorse?Shehasalreadyfinishedthework.Haveyoumilkedthecowyet?Yes,Ihavedonethatalready.I’vejustfinishedmyhomework.Hehasnotcomeyet.＊二.平时与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just(谓语动词以前)（方才），already（已经(必定句)）,before（以前）,yet（一般疑问(句末）,已经；否定句：还）never（从不）,ever(疑问句)twice（两次）,recently(近来）等状语连用，能够和刹时动词和连续性动词连用,请先圈出时间状语，再用词的合适形式填空I________(have)lunchalready.thetrain_______(arrive)yet?3.Tom____never_______(be)toChina.Thetwin______just_____(see)myfather.Thetwins____(see)myfatherjustnow.6.______youever_______(ride)ahorse?Never.7._____you________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.8._____he______(see)thisfilmyet?No.When_____he_____(see)it?第3页共8页He______ittomorrow.Howmanytimes_____you______(come)here?Once.用法二：表示过去已经开始，连续到现在的动作或状态，也能够表示向来连续到现在并可能还将连续下去。动词使用连续性动词。和表时间段的时间状语连用。常与for或since引导的时间连用，sofar,upto/tillnow到目前为止,inthelast/past+一段时间，allone’s某life人的一世中,bynow,thesedays目前，fortwoyears、since1984、sincehecamehereIhaven’tseenherthesedays.ShehaslearntEnglishfor3years/since3yearsago.Theyhavelivedheresince1990.WhathashappenedtotheUSAinthelast350years?一、注意：(1)since＋一段时间＋ago＝for＋时间段;sincetwoweeksago=fortwoweeks;Ihavekeptthelibrarybookforaweek.=Ihavekeptthelibrarybooksinceaweekago.(2)since+时间点＝for＋时间段since2000=for13yearssince+从句(常用一般过去时)TheGreenshavelivedinBeijingsincetheymovedtoBeijingfromParis(4)Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了.Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincemybrotherjoinedthearmy.二、用for或since填空。JillhasbeeninIreland________Monday.JillhasbeeninIreland__________threedays.MyaunthaslivedinAustralia_______15days.Margaretisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere_____7o'clock.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry________1974.Thebusislate.We'vebeenwaiting________20minutes.7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenemptymanyyears.Mikehasbeenill________alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital________OctoberIt’stenyears______wemeteachotherlasttime.HehastaughtEnglish_______25years.TheGreenshavelivedonthefarm______1990.Theyhavebeenpracticingtheguitar_______twohours.13.Howlonghaveyoubeenareporter?－_____8yearsago.Ihaven’tgoneforawalkinthepark________alongtime.He’sbeencollectingstamps_______hewasinprimaryschool.第4页共8页Peterhasbeentosummercamp________3times.＊依照上面的学习，我们能够总结下动词的过去分词的变化规律一、规则变化在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种：①原形+ed如：worked,passed②词尾是e时，直接加d如：likedlived③若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改y为i加ed。词尾为“元音字母+y”时，直接加d；如:playedstayedstudiedcried④末端只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed.如：stoppeddropped二、不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律AAA:put–put–putlet—let–letABA:become—became—becomeABB:stand—stood—stoodABC:eat—ate—eaten用法三：（难点）非连续性动词与现在完成时短暂性动词在必定句、疑问句中不能够与时间段连用。为了表述意思，我们常用相应的连续性动词来代替非连续性动词。他入党五年了。HejoinedthePartyfiveyearsago.——HehasbeeninthePartyforfiveyears.——HehasbeenaPartymemberforfiveyears.——ItisfiveyearssincehejoinedtheParty电影开始五分钟了。Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago.——Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.——Itisfiveminutessincethefilmbegan一、三种类：第一类：动词→be+adj.:Die，finish，open/close，fallill/asleep，marrysb/getmarriedto第二类：动词→be+介词.:start/begin，leave，Join，第三类：动词→另一个动词:Buy，Borrow，get/beginto连续性v，.Become，puton二、巧记刹时性动词的变换第5页共8页“开始走开借来还，出生入死买到家，穿衣入睡要感冒，开开关关变结束1beginbeon6returnbeback2leavebeawayfrom7joinbein3gobeoff8diebedead4borrowkeep9buyhave5comebehere10arrivebehere10reachbehere11putonwearFallBeasleep13catchacoldhaveacoldasleep14openbeopen15closebeclosed三/短暂性动词变换为以下连续性动词也许表示能够连续的状态的短语arriveat/insp/getto/reachsp/come/go/movetospbeinsp/atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethere1)ImovedtotheUSAin2008.ItheUSAsince.2)Theycameherelastweek.Theyheresince_____________.②cometo/gobackto/returntobebackto→goout→beoutHecameouttwoyearsago.He______________for____________.2)WereturnedtoBeijingyesterday.We_______________toBeijingsince__________.③become→beIbecameateacherin2000.I__________ateacherfor___________.2)Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriver_______dirtyfor

_________.④close→beclosedopenbeopen→Theshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshop_________for________.2)Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoor_____________forsixhours.⑤getup→beup;diebe→dead;leavesp.beaway→fromsp.fallasleep/gettotsleepbeasleep→;finish/endbe→over;marry→bemarried;Igotuptwohoursago.I_____________________since_______________.HeleftShanghaijustnow.He__________________________Shanghaiforfiveminutes.Mygrandpadiedin2002.Mygrandpa__________________for_______________.Themeetingfinishedatsix.Themeeting____________________forsixhours.Igottosleeptwohoursago.I________________since__________________.Theymarriedin1990.They___________________________since_________.第6页共8页⑥start/begintodosth.dosth.;→beginbe→onIbegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.I________atthisschoolsince____.Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm____________for________.⑦borrow→keep;lose→nothave;buy→have;putonwear→catch/getacold→haveacold;gettoknow→knowTheyborroweditlastweek.They__________itsince_____________.Iboughtapentwohoursago.I____________apenfor_____________.Igottoknowhimlastyear.I___________himsince___________.Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.I_________myglassesfor______________.⑧have/hasgonetohave→beeninHehasgonetoBeijing.He_____________Beijingfortwodays.jointheleague/theParty/thearmybealeaguemember/aPartymember/asoldierbeamemberoftheleague/thePartybeintheleague/theParty/thearmy1)Hejoinedtheleaguein2002.He______a_____fortwoyears.He_____a____the________fortwoyears.He_____theleaguefortwoyears.2)Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.Mybrother_________a________for_______

___________.常考考点havebeenin,havebeento与havegoneto的用法1、have(has)beenin表示“在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那边。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。比方：Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays布.朗来上海已经有三天了。TheyhavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears他.们到加拿大有五年了。2、have(has)beento表示“以前往过某地”，现在已经不在那边了。可与

just,ever,never等连用，比方：Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我方才去邮局了。MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall玛.丽从未去过长城。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhoubefore?你以前以前往过杭州吗？Have(has)beento后边可接次数，表示去过某地几次。比方：Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes他.们去过那个农村好几次了。3、have(has)goneto意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，比方：----WhereisTom?----Hehasgonetothebookshop他.到书店去了。JackJohnsonhasgonetoLondon杰.克.约翰逊到伦敦去了用have/hasbeento和have/hasgoneto填空—Hi，Lucy，youeverBeijing？第7页共8页—No，I.—Whataboutyoursister，Lily？—Oh，sheChengdu，shewillcomebacknextweek.—Ok，thanks.—You’rewelcome.现在完成时与一般过去时的差异现在完成时重申现在的情况，而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，能够和表示过去的时间状语连用。和现在不发生关系。试比较：Theplanehasarrived.飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）Theplanearrivedaquarterago飞.机是一刻中以前来的。（重申换作发生的时间在过去）Ihavetaughthereforfifteenyears.我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作向来连续到现在，还可能会连续。）Itaughthereforayear.我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了）用括号中所给的动词的合适形式完成以下句子。Mary_______(lose)herpen.______you______(see)ithereandthere?______you______(find)yourwatchyet?---Areyouthirsty?---NO,I______just_______(have)someorange.We________already______(return)thebook.______they_____(build)anewschoolinthevillage?---HasTomtaughtyouEnglish?---Yes,he______(teach)usEnglishfortwoyears.I______(notfinish)myhomeworkyet.Canyouhelpme?What______they_____(do)withthenewspaper?Theyhavereadthem.---Thedoorisopen.Who______(open)it?Doyouknow?---Sorry,Idon’tknow.Myfather_____(read)thenoveltwice.WuDong_____(be)asoldierforoneyear.Thestudents______(study)inthemiddleschoolsincelastmonth.Howlong______you______(know)him?Mike______(make)quiteafewfriendssincehecametoChina.I_____(give)myfriendanicebookrecently.LiPingandWuDong______(see)theoldmanthreetimes._____sheever_____(teach)youEnglish?Thesechildren_____(stay)intheparkfortwohours.综合练习（家庭作业）：第8页共8页一、完成句子1.A：你收集贝壳有多长时间了？B:自从我上中学以来。A：Howlong______you_________________shells?B：________I_________tomiddleschool.2.我溜冰已有五个小时了。I___________________________5hours.3.A:这是你首次参加溜冰马拉松吗?B:不,昨年我参加过。A:Wa