专四考前恶补总复习快速提分

专四考研恶补」完形填空

完形填空（一）

宏观上处理好篇章与空格之间的关系完形填空的测试

目的是测试学生运用语言的综合能力。完形填空的考试重点

是上下文的联系和短语结构的搭配关系。由于考试时间紧，

许多考生在回答这部分题的时候，往往不顾整个篇章的结

构、大意或文体，一开始就把注意力放在空格选项上，孤立

地研究单个选项，这就脱离了文章整体，答题的准确率也会

大受影响。因此，要做好这部分试题考生首先必须大体理

解篇章的主要内容、逻辑关系，从而判断出作者的意图及归

纳或演绎的思路；另外，考生在答题之前，还要对文章的文

体有所了解，这有利于考生根据不同的文体对不同的或相近

的选项做出正确的选择。如文学材料、科普文章、新闻报道

等由于文体上的不同，它们在用词和句子结构上都有所不

同。请看下面例子：

Vitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsmallamountsin

thedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenanceoflifeof

animals,includingman.Theydonotprovideenergy,1

dotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.Theyareneeded

for2foodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.Thereare

thirteenormoreofthem,andif3ismissing,a

deficiencydiseasebecomes4.

1.A.eitherB.soC.norD.never

2.A.shiftingB.transferring

C.alteringD.transforming

3.A.anyB.some

C.anythingD.something

4.A.seriousB.apparentC.severeD.fatal

通读全文后可知，这是一篇有关科普知识的短文，一般来说

科普知识文章以客观陈述为突出特点，用词比较正式，句子

结构比较严密，因此在选择时要在宏观上考虑到这些因素。

比如第四空，从科学常识可知，缺乏任何一种维生素都不至

于使疾病严重(serious)、致命(fatal),故应排除选项A和D。

severe（严厉的）不能用来修饰疾病。因此，选B叩parent

既合乎句意，搭配又得当。另外，完形填空的空格没有任

何一个是孤立地存在的，必须把它们放在文章的语言环境中

进行逐个推敲，同时利用自己对各种材料描写、陈述内容的

了解，作出正确选择。

PARTI

Decidewhichofthechoicesgivenbelowwouldcorrectly

completethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblanks.

MarkthecorrectchoiceforeachblankonyourANSWER

SHEET.TheUnitedStatesiswellknownforitsnetworkof

majorhighwaysdesignedtohelpadrivergetfromoneplaceto

anotherintheshortestpossibletime.1thesewide

modernroadsaregenerally2andwellmaintained,

with3sharpcurvesandstraightsections,adirectroute

isnotalwaysthemost4one.Largehighwaysoften

pass5scenicareasandinterestingsmalltowns.

Furthermore,thesehighwaysgenerally6largeurban

centers,whichmeansthattheybecomecrowdedwith7

trafficduringrushhours,8the"fast,direct“route

becomesaveryslowroute.However,thereisalmostalways

anotherroutetotake9youarenotinahurry.Notfar

fromthe10new“superhighways”,thereareoften

older,11heavilytraveledroadswhichgothroughthe

countryside.12ofthesearegoodtwolaneroads;

othersareunevenroadscurvingthroughthecountry.These

secondaryroutesmaygoupsteepslopes,alonghigh13,

ordownfrighteninghillsidetotowns14indeep

valleys.Throughtheselessdirectroutes,longerandslower,they

generallygotoplaces15theairiscleanandsceneryis

beautiful,andthedrivermayhaveachancetogetafresh,clean

viewoftheworld.

1.A.AlthoughB.SinceC.BecauseD.Therefore

2.A.stableB.splendidC.smoothD.complicated

3.A.littleB.fewC.muchD.many

4.A.terribleB.possibleC.enjoyableD.profitable

5.A.toB.intoC.overD.by

6.A.leadB.connectC.collectD.communicate

7.A.largeB.fastC.highD.heavy

8.A.whenB.forC.butD.that

9.A.unlessB.ifC.asD.since

10.A.relativelyB.regularlyC.respectivelyD.reasonably

11.A.andB.lessC.moreD.or

12.A.AllB.SeveralC.LotsD.Some

13.A.rocksB.cliffsC.roadsD.paths

14.A.lyingB.layingC.laidD.lied

15.A.thereB.whenC.whichD.where

PARTII

SECTIONAREADINGCOMPREHENSION[25MIN.]

Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyfifteen

questionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggested

answersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkis

thecorrectanswer.

MarkyourchoiceonyourANSWERSHEET.

TEXTA

BeforethemidI860's,theimpactoftherailroadsinthe

UnitedStateswaslimited,inthesensethatthetracksendedat

thisMissouriRiver,approximatelythecenterofthecountry.At

thepointthetrainsturnedtheirfreight,mail,andpassengers

overtosteamboats,wagons,andstagecoaches.Thismeantthat

wagonfreighting,stagecoaching,andsteamboatingdidnot

cometoanendwhenthefirsttrainappeared;rathertheybecame

supplementsorfeeders.Eachnewuendoftrackvbecame

acenterforanimaldrawnorwaterbornetransportation.The

majoreffectoftherailroadwastoshortenthedistancethathad

tobecoveredbytheolder,slower,andmorecostlymeans.

Wagonfreighterscontinuedoperatingthroughoutthe1870's

and1880'sandintothe1890's.Althoughoverconstantly

shrinkingroutes,andcoachesandwagonscontinuedto

crisscrosstheWestwherevertherailshadnotyetbeenlaid.The

beginningofamajorchangewasforeshadowedinthelater

I860's,whentheUnionPacificRailroadatlastbegantobuild

westwardfromtheCentralPlainscityofOmahatomeetthe

CentralPacificRailroadadvancingeastwardfromCalifornia

throughtheformidablebarrieroftheSierraNevada.Although

PresidentAbrahamLincolnsignedtheoriginalPacificRailroad

billin1862andarevised,financiallymuchmoregenerous

versionin1864,littleconstructionwascompleteduntil1865on

theCentralPacificand1866ontheUnionPacific.Theprimary

reasonwasskepticismthataRailroadbuiltthroughso

challengingandthinlysettledastretchofdesert,mountain,and

semiaridplaincouldpayaprofit.Inthewordsofaneconomist,

thiswasacaseofuprematureenterprisev,wherenotonlythe

costofconstructionbutalsotheveryhighriskdeterredprivate

investment.IndiscussingthePacificRailroadbill,thechairof

thecongressionalcommitteebluntlystatedthatwithout

governmentsubsidynoonewouldundertakesounpromisinga

venture;yetitwasanationalnecessitytolinkEastandWest

together.

16.Theauthorreferstotheimpactofrailroadsbeforethelate

I860'sas"limited"because.

A.thetrackdidnottakethedirectroutefromonecitytothe

next

B.passengersandfreighthadtotransfertoothermodesof

transportatio

ntoreachwesterndestinations

C.passengerspreferredstagecoaches

D.railroadtravelwasquiteexpensive

17.Whatcanbeinferredaboutcoachesandwagonfreighters

astherailroadexpanded?

A.Theydevelopedcompetingroutes.

B.Theirdriversrefusedtoworkfortherailroads.

C.Theybegantospecializeinprivateinvestment.

D.Therewereinsufficientnumbersoftrainedpeopletooperate

them.

18.WhydoestheauthormentiontheSierraNevadainline17?

A.ToarguethatamoredirectroutetotheWestcouldhave

beentaken.

B.Toidentifyahistoricallysignificantmountainrangeinthe

West.

C.Topointoutthelocationofaserioustrainaccident.

D.Togiveanexampleofanobstaclefacedbythecentralpacific.

19.Theword“subsidy“inline27isclosestinmeaningto

A.persuasionB.financingC.explanationD.penalty

TEXTB

Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommon

seacucumber.Alllivingcreature,especiallyhumanbeings,have

theirpeculiarities,buteverythingaboutthelittleseacucumber

seemsunusual.Whatelsecanbesaidaboutabizarreanimalthat,

amongothereccentricities,eatsmud,feedsalmostcontinuously

dayandnightbutcanlivewithouteatingforlongperiods,and

canbepoisonousbutisconsideredsupremelyedibleby

gourmets?Forsomefiftymillionyears,despiteallits

eccentricities,theseacucumberhassubsistedonitsdietofmud.

Itisadaptableenoughtoliveattachedtorocksbyitstubefeet,

underrocksinshallowwater,oronthesurfaceofmudflats.

CommonincoolwateronbothAtlanticandPacificshores,it

hastheabilitytosuckupmudorsandanddigestwhatever

nutrientsarepresent.Seacucumberscomeinavarietyof

colors,rangingfromblacktoreddishbrowntosandcolor

andnearlywhite.Oneformevenhasvividpurpletentacles.

Usuallythecreaturesarecucumbershaped一hencetheir

name一andbecausetheyaretypicallyrockinhabitants,this

shape,combinedwithflexibility,enablesthemtosqueezeinto

creviceswheretheyaresafefrompredatorsandoceancurrents.

Althoughtheyhavevoraciousappetites,eatingdayandnight,

seacucumbershavethecapacitytobecomequiescentandliveat

alowmetabolicrate一feedingsparinglyornotatallforlong

periods,sothatthemarineorganismsthatprovidtheirfoodhave

achancetomultiply.Ifitwerenotforthisfaculty,theywould

devourallthefoodavailableinashorttimeandwouldprobably

starvethemselvesoutofexistence.Butthemostspectacular

thingabouttheseacucumberisthewayitdefendsitself.Its

majorenemiesarefishandcrabs,whenattacked,itsquirtsallits

internalorgansintowater.Italsocastsoffattachedstructures

suchastentacles.Theseacucumberwilleviscerateand

regenerateitselfifitisattackedoreventouched;itwilldothe

sameifthesurroundingwatertemperatureistoohighorifthe

waterbecomestoopolluted.

20.Accordingtothepassage,whyistheshapeofsea

cucumbersimportant?

A.Ithelpsthemtodigesttheirfood.

B.Ithelpsthemtoprotectthemselvesfromdanger.

C.Itmakesiteasierforthemtomovethroughthemud.

D.Itmakesthemattractivetofish.

21.Thefourthparagraphofthepassageprimarilydiscusses

A.thereproductionofseacucumbers

B.thefoodsourcesofseacucumbers

C.theeatinghabitsofseacucumbers

D.threatstoseacucumbers?existence

22.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthedefencemechanismsofthe

seacucumber?

A.Theyareverysensitivetosurroundingstimuli.

B.Theyarealmostuseless.

C.Theyrequiregroupcooperation.

D.Theyaresimilartothoseofmostseacreatures.

23.WhichofthefollowingwouldNOTcauseaseacucumber

toreleaseits

internalorgansintothewater?

A.Atouch.B.Food.

C.Unusuallywarmwater.D.Pollution.

TEXTC

Humanbeingshaveusedtoolsforaverylongtime.Insome

partsoftheworldyoucanstillfindtoolsthatpeopleusedmore

thantwomillionyearsago.Theymadethesetoolsbyhittingone

stoneagainstanother.Inthisway,theybrokeoffpiecesfrom

oneofthestones.Thesechipsofstonewereusuallysharpon

oneside.Peopleusedthemforcuttingmeatandskinfromdead

animals,andalsoformakingothertoolsoutofwood.Human

beingsneededtousetoolsbecausetheydidnothavesharpteeth

likeothermeateatinganimals,suchaslionsandtigers.Tools

helpedpeopletogetfoodmoreeasily.Workingwithtools

alsohelpedtodevelophumanintelligence.Thehumanbrain

grewbigger,andhumanbeingsbegantoinventmoreandmore

toolsandmachines.Thestonechipwasoneofthefirsttoolsthat

peopleused,andperhapsitisthemostimportant.Some

scientistssaythatitwasthekeytosuccessofmankind.Since

1960anewkindoftoolhasappeared.Thisisthesiliconchip一a

littlechipofsiliconcrystal.Itissmallerthanafingernail,but

itcanstoremorethanamillion"bits”ofinformation.Itisan

electronicbrain.Everyyearthesechipsgetcleverer,buttheir

sizegetssmaller,andtheircostgetsless.Theyareusedin

watches,calculatorsandintelligentmachinesthatwecanusein

manyways.Inthefuturewewillnotneedtoworkwithtools

intheoldway.Machineswilldoeverythingforus.Theywill

eventalkandplaygameswithus.Peoplewillhaveplentyof

sparetime.Butwhatwilltheydowithit?Humanbeingsused

stonechipsformorethantwomillionyears,buthumanlife

changedverylittleinthattime.Wehaveusedsiliconchipsfor

onlyafewyears,butlifeischangingfastereveryday.Whatwill

lifebeliketwentyyearsfromnow?Whatwilltheworldbelike

twomillionyearsfromnow?

24.Thestonechipisthoughttobethemostimportanttool

becauseit.

A.wasoneofthefirsttools

B.developedhumancapabilities

C.ledtotheinventionofmachines

D.wascrucialtothedevelopmentofmankind

25.Attheendofthepassagetheauthorseemstosuggestthat

lifeinfutureis.

A.disastrousB.unpredictable

C.excitingD.colorful

TEXTD

Californiaisalandofvarietyandcontrast.Almostevery

typeofphysicallandfeature,sortofarcticicefieldsandtropical

junglescanbefoundwithinitsborders.Sharplycontrasting

typesoflandoftenlieveryclosetooneanother.Peopleliving

inBakersfield,forinstance,canvisitthePacificOceanandthe

coastalplain,thefertileSanJoaquinValley,thearidMojave

Desert,andthehighSierraNevada,allwithinaradiusofabout

100miles.Inotherareasitispossibletogosnowskiinginthe

morningandsurfingintheeveningofthesameday,without

havingtotravellongdistance.ContrastaboundsinCalifornia.

ThehighestpointintheUnitedStates(outsideAlaska)isin

California,andsoisthelowestpoint(includingAlaska).Mount

Whitney,14,494feetabovesealevel,isseparatedfromDeath

Valley,282feetbelowsealevel,byadistanceofonly100miles.

Thetwoareashaveadifferenceinaltitudeofalmostthreemiles.

Californiahasdeep,clearmountainlakeslikeLakeTahoe,

thedeepestinthecountry,butitalsohasshallow,saltydesert

lakes.IthasLakeTulainyo,12,020feetabovesealevel,andthe

lowestlakeinthecountry,theSaltonSea,236feetbelowsea

level.Someofitslakes,likeOwensLakeinDeathValley,are

notlakesatall:theyaredrieduplakebeds.Inadditionto

mountains,lakes,valleys,deserts,andplateaus,Californiahas

itsPacificcoastline,stretchinglongerthanthecoastlinesof

OregonandWashingtoncombined.

26.WhichofthefollowingisthelowestpointintheUnited

States?

A.LakeTulainyo.B.Mojavedesert.

C.DeathValley.D.TheSaltonSea.

27.WhereisthehighestpointintheUnitedStateslocated?

A.LakeTahoe.B.SierraNevada.

C.MountWhitney.D.Alaska.

28.HowfarawayisDeathValleyfromMountWhitney?

A.About3miles.B.Only100miles.

C.282feet.D.14,494feet.

29.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage

asbeingwithinaradiusofabout100milesofBakersfield?

A.ThePacificOcean.

B.SanJoaquinValley.

C.MojaveDesert.

D.OregonandWashington.

30.WhichstatementbestdemonstratesthatCaliforniaisa

landofvarietyandcontrast?

A.ThehighestlakeinCaliforniaisLakeTulainyo.

B.Itispossibletogosurfingandsnowskiinginsomepartsof

Californiawithouthavingtotravellongdistance.

C.SierraNevada,SanJoaquinValley,MojaveDesertandthe

PacificOcean

allliewithinaradiusofabout100miles.

D.OwensLake,inDeathValley,isnotreallyalakeatall.

SKIMMINGANDSCANNING[5MIN.]

Inthissectiontherearefivepassagesfollowedbytenquestions

orunfinishedstatements.Skimorscanthemasrequiredand

thenmarkyouranswersonyourANSWERSHEET.

TEXTE

Firstreadthefollowingquestion.

31.Thepurposeofthepassageisto

A.describewaysofeliminatingmosquitolarvae

B.demonstratethegreatdifferencesamongkindsofmosquitoes

C.showreasonsforthehighsurvivalrateofmosquitoes

D.giveageneraldescriptionofmosquitodevelopment

NowreadTextEquicklyandmarkyouransweronyour

ANSWERSHEET.

Eachvarietyofmosquitohasitsfavoredkindofwater

accumulationforbreeding,andalmosteveryimaginabletypeof

stillwaterhasbeenusedbyatleastonekindofmosquitotolay

itseggs.Aftertheeggshatch,thelarvaecontinuetobeclosely

associatedwithwater'ssurfaceatthetailendsoftheirbodies.

Becausethelarvaedevelopthisway,theyareneverfoundinthe

openwateroflakeswheretheywouldmerelyserveasfishfood,

orinplaceswheretheywouldbedamagedbywaveactionor

watercurrents.

TEXTF

Firstreadthefollowingquestions.

32.Themainideaofthepassageis

A.howtoplaytennis

B.howtowinatennismatch

C.thegeneralintroductionofthegame

D.whatisagameintennis

33.Theauthordriveshispointhomeby

A.givingthedetails

B.explainingstepbystep

C.offeringstrongproofs

D.makingvividdescriptions

NowreadTextFquicklyandmarkyouranswersonyour

ANSWERSHEET.

Let'stalkabouttennisbetweenjusttwoplayers.Youknow

thatthetwoplayershitaballacrossthenet.Onesidemusthit

theballsothattheotherplayercannothititbackoverthenet.

Theballmuststaywithinthelines.Ifthefirstplayercan'tdo

this,theopponentgetsapoint.Theplayersalwaysstopwhen

onewinsapoint.Tostartplayagain,oneplayerwillserve.He

orshethrowstheballintotheairandhitsit.Theballmustcross

thenetwithouthittingit.Theotherplayermusthittheballback

acrossthenetbeforeithitsthegroundtwice.Iftheballdoesn't

hitthenetorthegroundtwice,theplayerskeephittingitover

thenet.Thisgoesonuntilsomeonemisses.Aplayerneeds

fourpointstowinagame.Ifbothplayershavethreepoints,then

onemustgettwomorepointstogethertowin.Whenoneplayer

winssixgames,itiscalledaset.Ifeachsidewinsfivegames,

thenonemustwintwomoregamestogethertowintheset.If

eachplayerwinssixgames,theyplayonemoregameofseven

points.Amatchusuallyhasthreeorfivesets.

TEXTG

Firstreadthefollowingquestion.

34.WhileatLondonairports,youhavetopresentyour

passportat.

A.thecarousel

B.theImmigrationHall

C.thecustoms

D.theArrivalsHall

NowreadTextGquicklyandmarkyouransweronyour

ANSWERSHEET.

ArrivingatLondonairports

Justfollowthesesimplestepsforatroublefreearrival.

FollowtheARRIVALSsignifyouareendingyourjourneyin

Londonor

transferringtoaUKdomesticflight.

ThiswilltakeyoutotheImmigrationHallwhereyoumust

presentyour

passportandanynecessaryvisa/healthdocumentation.

AtHEATHROWairportproceeddownstairstoclaimyour

baggagefromthe

carouselindicatingyourflightnumber.AtGATEWICKairport

proceed

downstairsintheNorthTerminaltoclaimyourbaggagefrom

thecarousel

indicatingyourflightnumber.Freetrolleysareavailablefor

yourbags.

ToclearcustomstaketheRedChannelifyouhavegoodsto

declareorthe

GreenChannelifyouhavenogoodstodeclare.

YouwillthenbeintheArrivalsHall.Fromhereyoucanobtain

transportin

tocentralLondon;transferbetweenGATEWICKand

HEATHROWairportsand

transfertoUKdomesticflights.

TEXTH

Firstreadthefollowingquestions.

35.Thetotalamountofcookingtimeforeachvegetableis

A.4minutesforthepotatoesand10minutesforthecucumber

B.10minutesforthepotatoesand4minutesforthecucumber

C.4minutesforthecucumberand14minutesforthepotatoes

D.14minutesforthecucumberand4minutesforthepotatoes

36.Whichofthefollowingstatementsagreeswiththemenu

directions?

A.Thedishisenoughtogoround.

B.Fourservingspoonsareneeded.

C.Thedishistobesharedbyfourpersons.

D.Fourguestscanhelpthemselvestothedish.

37.Accordingtothisrecipe,

A.parsley,saltandpepperaretobeaddedbyasprinkler

B.thedishhastobeproperlyseasonedwithsaltandpepper

C.parsleyisusedfordecoration

D.thedishmustbetossedtoeverybody?staste

NowreadTextHquicklyandmarkyouranswersonyour

ANSWERSHEET.

Recipe

PotatoesandCucumberwithParsley

2potatoes,about3/4pound

1cucumber,about3/4pound

1tablespoonbutter

1tablespoonfinelychoppedparsley

Saltandpeppertotaste

Peelthepotatoes.Splittheminhalflengthwise,thencutinto

quarters.

Putthepotatoesinasmallskilletwithwatertocover.Bringto

theboilandcookabout10minutes.

Meanwhilescrapethecucumber.Cutitinto11/2inchlengths.

Cuteachlengthinhalf.

Whenthepotatoeshavecooked10minutes,addthecucumbers.

Cookaboutfourminutes.Drain.

Addthebuttertothevegetablesandtoss.Sprinklewithparsley,

saltandpeppertotasteandserve.

Yielding:4servings.

TEXTI

Firstreadthefollowingquestions.

38.Howdoesastudentknowwhatthehomework

assignmentsare?

A.Prof.Klammerannouncestheminclass.

B.Thestudentreadsthelistonthenextpage.

C.Prof.Klammergivesalisteveryweekinclass.

D.Thestudentgoestotheprofessor?sofficeandasks.

39.Ifafreshmanthinksthathemightmajorinhistory,whatis

themaxi

mumlength

hispapercanbe?

A.Fifteenpages.B.Twentyfivepages.

C.Tenpages.D.Nomaximum.

40.IfastudentcannotseeProf.Klammerduringheroffice

hours,whatshouldhedo?

A.Seeherafterclass.

B.Callherathome.

C.Askanotherstudent.

D.Makeanappointmentwithher.

NowreadTextIquicklyandmarkyouranswersonyour

ANSWERSHEET.

COURSEOUTLINEFORHISTORY101,

DR.JANEKLAMMER

COURSE:History101INSTRUCTOR:Dr.JaneKlammer

uIntroductiontoAmericanOFFICE:305MarshallHall

HistoryOFFICEHOURS:11.15—12.30MWF

CLASS:363MarshallHall3.35-5.00TTh

10:10〜11:00MWFOthertimesbyappointment

TELEPHONE:255-4786

TEXTBOOK:Green,RobertP.,TheAmericanTradition:A

HistoryoftheUnitedStates,CharlesE.MerrillpublishingCo.

Columbus,Ohio1984(availableattheCollegeBookstore)

COURSEREQUIREMENTS:

midtermexam:October1020%ofthefinalgrade

finalexam:December1040%ofthefinalgrade

termpaperdue:December1540%ofthefinalgrade

Attendanceisnotrequired,butyouareresponsibleforallthe

information

givenintheclasslectures.InthelecturesIwilltalkaboutthe

chaptersinthetextbookandothermaterialthatIchooseto

supplementthecourse.Theexamswillcoverallthis

information.Therefore,Iadviseyoutocometotheclassas

muchaspossible.Ifyouhavetomissaclass,besuretogetthe

classnotesfromanotherstudent.

Yourhomeworkassignmentsarelistedonthenextpage.Youare

supposedtoreadthechapteraboutwhichIwillbelecturing

beforeyoucometoclass.Thisistomakesurethatyou

understandasmuchaspossiblewhiletakingnotesinmy

lectures.Bepreparedwhenyoucometoclass.Ifthereareany

changesintheassignedhomeworkreadings,Iwillannounce

theminclass.

Thetermpaperis40percentofyourfinalgrade.Itshouldnot

exceedfifteenpages.(Anyonethinkingofmajoringinhistory

maywritetwentyfivepages.)

Beforethemidtermexamyouwillchoosethetopicforyour

paper.

Haveagoodsemester!

重点词汇

twolane:双车道

freight:货运

stagecoach:公共马车

waterborne:水运地，水上地

shrink:收缩

foreshadow:成为前兆；暗示;预示

skepticism:怀疑论

semiarid:半干旱的

deter:制止；使断念头

subsidy:补助金;津贴

bluntly:坦率地；率直地

unpromising:无前途的

seacucumber:海参

bizarre:奇异的

eccentricity:古怪；怪癖；古怪的行为

edible:可食用的

gourmet:美食家

subsist:生存，存在

tentacle:触须；触角

crevice:裂缝

predator:掠夺者；食肉动物

voracious:狼吞虎咽的；贪婪的

metabolic:变化的；新陈代谢的

quiescent:静止的；不动的

ratefeeding:供给饲料的

multiply:繁殖

squirt:喷出，溅出

siliconcrystal:硅晶体

eviscerate:取出内脏；取出精华部分

surf:冲浪

altitude:高度

abound：大量存在；充满

accumulation:累计；聚集物

hatch:孵化

larvae呦虫

serve:发球

proceed:开始；进行下去

claim:认领；主张

carousel:（机场中的）行李传送带；马术比赛

toclearcustoms:通关

declare:申报

parsley:西芹

skillet:长柄浅锅

scrape:舌（J，擦

toss:颠炒

sprinkle:洒

yielding:产出

supplement:增补

参考答案及详解

1.A）此空四个选项都是从属连词，但是它们的属性是不同

的，例如:although是表示转折关系的;since,because,therefore

是表示原因关系的。通过阅

读此空所在句得知大概句义为：“尽管这些宽阔的现代化公

路通常很平坦且维护良好，转弯也很少，但是一直保持笔直

的公路不总是令人赏心悦目”。根据语义线索和语法线索可

知此空应填表示转折关系的选项Ao

2.C）根据词汇线索和词义搭配可知,stable,splendid和

complicated一般不能用来修饰roadso

3.B）根据语义线索可推断此空正确答案为选项Bfewo

4.C）根据上下文可推测出如果高速公路总是保持笔直，对

于驾驶者来说是非常枯燥的，因此本空的正确答案为C

enjoyableo

5.D）介词by能和动词pass搭配，意为“经过，掠过”。

6.B）本句中的联系副词Furthermore说明本句是对上一句

的进一步补充和信息的增加，山此可推测本句句义为高速公

路不仅经过风景区和乡村，通常还“将庞大的都市中心区连

接起来”。故正确答案为B。

7.D）“交通拥挤”用heavy和traffic搭配。

8.A）通过分析可知，这里使用的是一个非限定性定语从句,

四个选项中只有Awhen具备此语法功能。

9.B）根据上下句关系可推断此句为条件句，故选项B为正确

答案。

10.A）根据主句中的“older…roads”可推断此空需要填一个

比较意义的副词，以构成对比关系，故选项Arelatively”相

应地，相对地”为正确答案。

其他三词词义分别为：regularly“有规律地，定期地”；

respectively“各自地”；reasonably“有理由地”。

11.B）根据此空前后词及结构可断定此空应使用比较级，故

可排除A和D。另外根据上下文可推测此空应为less,因为

umoreheavilytraveled,,意为“车辆拥挤的”公路，与常识

不符。

12.D）从下文的others可知此空正确答案为Dsome。

13.B）根据上文的slopes和下文的hillsides就可以断定这里需

要一个表示路况不好的词，选项Arocks意义不符，故只有B

cliffs“悬崖”为正确答案。

14.A）根据题目和选项可断定此空应为towns的后置定语，由

此可猜测句义为“位于深谷中的城镇”，“位于"lie是不及物

动词，不能以过去分词的形式出现作名词的后置修饰语，故

正确答案为lie的现在分词形式lyingo

15.D）定语从句修饰places用where来引导。

16.B）根据文章前五句可知，在十九世纪六十年代晚期前铁

路在美国的影响是有限的“limited”，当时铁路只从美国东部

修到了美国中部，运到美国西部地区的货物只有在铁路的尽

头“endoftrack"改用其他的运输方式，比如：汽船、

马车等，它们的运输效率可想而知。故选项B为正确答案。

17.D）这是一道推论题。可用排除法做此题。根据文章第六

行至第七行“rathertheybecamesupplementsorfeedersn和第

十行至第十三行“Wagonfreighterscontinuedoperating

throughoutthe1870'sand1880'sandintothe1890's.

Althoughoverconstantlyshrinkingroutes,andcoachesand

wagonscontinuedtocrisscrosstheWestwherevertherailshad

notyetbeenlaid."可知随着铁路线的不断延伸，马车货运的

路线日益减少，虽然马车货运经营者们继续在西部发展货运

线路，但是它们只是铁路运输的补充。因此选项A“他们发

展了有竞争性的线路”可以排除。而选项B、C文中

根本没有提及。故只有选项D为正确答案。

18.D）根据“theSierraNevada"所在句可知作者提到它是因

为它是修建横跨东西铁路的一个巨大的障碍，故D为正确答

案。

19.B）Subsidy意为“补助金，津贴”，与financing意义相符。

20.B）通过阅读文章可以排除选项A、C、D,因为文中没有

提及，故选项B为正确答案。

21.C）此题为段落主旨题。通过阅读第四段可知作者都是讲

述海参的进食习惯，故选项C为正确答案。

22.A）此题为推论题。根据最后一段可知海参在受到外界刺

激时，会做出一定的反应，这也反映出它的防御机制非常敏

感，故A为正确答案。

23.B）此题为细节题。根据最后一段可知惟有food不会使海

参将体内器官吐出来，故其为正确答案。

24.D）这是一道细节题。根据文章第二段尾句“Some

scientistssaythatitwasthekeytothesuccessofmankind”可知

“stonechip”对于人类的发展起到了非常重要的作用，这与

D正好相符。

25.B）在文章最后一段中作者说人类在过去的儿百万年时间

里一直使用"stonechip”，人类社会发生的变化很小。而我

们使用“siliconchips”才不过儿年，生活却发生了巨大的变

化。于是作者发出了疑问：“二十年后的生活会是什么样子

的呢？”，“二百万年后的世界又会是什么样子呢？”，表明

将来的生活无法预料，这与选项B相符。

26.C）这是一道细节题。根据第三段所给的海拔高度，可知

美国最低点在deathvalleyo

27.D）此题很容易误选为C,这是因为第三段提到Mount

Whitney的海拔高度；但是要注意此段第二句提到美国最高

点时在括号中补充说明这个最高点是在Alaska以外的。这就

说明美国的海拔最高点不是MountWhitney,而是位于

Alaskao

28.B）这是一道细节题。根据第三段可找出答案。

29.D）根据第二段可知答案。

30.C)文中说加利福尼亚是一个地貌多样，富于变化的地方,

而选项c是一个最突出的例子。

31.C)32.B)33.B)34.B)35.C)36.C)

37.B)38.B)39.B)40.D)

完形填空(二)

微观上利用各种线索选择答案

从TESTONE的答题技巧可知，完形填空的每一个空格都不

是孤立存在的，它是整个篇章的一

部分，与上下文有着明显或微妙的关系，因此在选择时就要

考虑到各选项与上下文的联系。

通常这种联系或关系为考生做出正确选择提供了各种线索，

比如语义逻辑、语法框架、词汇

搭配及词义的应用、概念，还有些是非语言性的一些知识等,

下面就几种微观处理选项的技

巧简要介绍。

语义线索

在完形填空题中，某些项的选择可以根据“语义”来决定，

即J有的词或句子的语义决定着

必须选择某个选项，否则整个文章的语义逻辑就不通，内容

就与作者的原意不一致。因此考

生在做选择时，不要忽略语义这条重要的线索。

例如：

Althoughinteriordesignhasexistedsincethebeginningof

architecture,itsdevelopmentintoaspecializedfieldisreally

quite