高考英语复习词性转换讲义

词性转换(构词法)英语构词法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。合成是指将两个意思不同的单词结合成一个新词；转化是指一个单词的词形不变而由一种词性转化为另一种词性；派生是指通过给一个单词加前缀或后缀变成另一个词。前缀一般改变词义而不改变词性，后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义。形容词转换为副词类别例词直接加­lyclear→clearly清楚地quickquickly快速地quiet-quietly安静地realreally真正地helpfulhelpfully有用地carefulcarefully仔细地great→greatly很，大大地hopeful-hopefully有希望地slow-slowly慢地以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词，变y为i再加­lyhappy→happily高兴地busy→busily忙碌地angry→angrily愤怒地Lucky→luckily幸运地heavy→heavily沉重地easy-easily容易地词尾为ble/le的形容词，去掉e，再加­yterrible→terribly可怕地；极度地simple--simply简单地possiblepossibly可能地gentle→gently轻轻地词尾e结尾的形容词，直接加加"ly"。politepolitely礼貌地widewidely广泛地wisewisely明智地entireentirely完全地completecompletely完全地词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e再加­lytrue→truly真实地词尾为ll的形容词，直接加­yfull→fully充分地；完全地shrill→shrilly尖声地；耀眼地dull→dully迟钝地词尾为­ic的形容词，加­allyenthusiastic→enthusiastically满腔热情地basic→basically主要地，基本上genetic→genetically从遗传学角度energetic→energetically精力充沛地historic→historically从历史观点上说automatic→automatically自动地scientific→scientifically合乎科学地alphabetic→alphabetically

照字母顺序排列地注意：friendly;motherly;lovely是形容词。动词、形容词转换为名词1．动词变名词的后缀后缀例词­ion/­tion/­sion/­ationcorrect→correction改正connect→connection联系attract→attraction吸引celebrate→celebration庆祝；庆祝会conduct→conduction传导conclude→conclusion结论；结束discuss→discussion讨论；辩论decide→decision决定admit→admission接纳；准许入学invite→invitation邀请explain→explanation解释expect→expectation期望compete

→competition比赛,竞争；repeat→repetition重复graduate→graduation毕业collide→collision碰撞（或相撞）事故tense→tension紧张pronounce→pronunciation发音describe→description描写­er/­orrun→runner跑步者/信使drive→driver司机；驾驶员gather→gatherer收集者；采集者teach→teacher老师begin→beginner初学者/新手,labour→labourer劳动者swim→swimmer游泳者travel→traveller旅游者learn→learner学习者/初学者announce→announcer广播员love→lover爱好者work→worker工人research→researcher研究员print→printer印刷工garden→gardener园艺工own→owner主人observe→observer观测者/观察员direct→director主任collect→collector收藏家instruct→instructor教员/指导者conduct→conductor指挥；售票员­mentpunish→punishment惩罚achieve→achievement功绩；成就argue→argument辩论；论据adjust→adjustment调整treat→treatment对待；治疗equip→equipment装备；设备govern→government政府develop→development发展move→movement动作agree→agreement同意manage→management管理advertise→advertisement广告establish→establishment确立state→statement声明­ance/­enceappear→appearance出现；外貌guide→guidance指引；指导conduct→conductance电导perform→performance表演；节目exist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference偏爱refer→reference参考；查阅depend→dependence依靠，依赖-alapprove

→

approval赞成survive→

survival幸存

refuse

→refusal拒绝arrive

→arrival到达

propose

→

proposal提议，建议­ure/­turefail→failure失败；倒闭press→pressure压力expose→exposure面临，暴露depart→departure离开；出发mix→mixture混合；混合物­yrecover→recovery恢复；痊愈discover→discovery发现deliver-delivery递送

flatter-flattery谄媚

treat-treaty条约­inghear→hearing听力；听觉begin→beginning开始其他choose→choice选择vary→variety多样化；种类tend→tendency趋向；趋势grow→growth生长marry→marriage婚姻carry→carriage客车厢，运输pack→package包合post→postage邮资、邮费store→storage贮存2．形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词­ageshort→shortage不足；短缺­cyurgent-urgency紧急efficient→efficiency效率；功效fluent→fluency流利；流畅accurate→accuracy准确性private→privacy隐私；私密­domfree→freedom自由；自主wise→wisdom明智；智慧­enceconfident→confidence自信silent→silence沉默different→difference差异

independent→independence独立

excellent→excellence优秀

persistent→persistence坚持­nessdark→darkness黑暗weak→weakness虚弱；弱点kind→kindness仁慈；好意careless→carelessness粗心大意happy→happiness开心sad→sadness宽心useful→usefulness有用性tired→tiredness疲倦wet→wetness湿度ill→illness疾病­thstrong→strength力气；强项long→length长度broad→breadth宽（广）度deep→-depth深度wide→width宽度warm→warmth温暖；热情­y/­ty/­ityhonest→honesty诚实difficult→difficulty困难cruel→cruelty残酷；残暴safe→safety安全disable→disability无能；伤残responsible→responsibility责任stupid→stupidity愚蠢real→reality现实superior→superiority卓越punctual→punctuality准时 personal→personality个性，名人national→nationality国籍creative→creativity创造力，创造性productive→productivity生产力selective→selectivity选择性equal→equality平等popular→popularity普及active→activity活动名词、动词转换为形容词后缀例词­ableaccept→acceptable可接受的adjust→adjustable可调整的comfort→comfortable舒适的suit→suitable合适的fashion→fashionable时髦的reason→reasonable有道理的­almusic→musical音乐的origin→original最初的spirit→spiritual精神的person→personal个人的；私人的fundament→fundamental基本的centre→central中央的；中心的nature→natural自然的；天生的­fuldoubt→doubtful怀疑的forget→forgetful健忘的harm→harmful有害的hope→hopeful有希望的wonder→wonderful绝妙的pain→painful疼痛的success→successful成功的peace→peaceful和平的­edscare→scared感到恐惧的confuse→confused感到困惑的underline→underlined下划线的­ingsurprise→surprising令人惊异的please→pleasing令人高兴的bore→boring令人厌烦的convince→convincing令人信服的interest→interesting有趣的的satisfy→satisfying令人满意的­ibleaccess→accessible容易取得的horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的sense→sensible明智的terror→terrible可怕的­iveact→active积极的；活跃的effect→effective有效的；生效的attract→attractive有吸引力的impress→impressive给人深刻印象的­ouscontinue→continuous不断的；持续的anxiety→anxious忧虑的caution→cautious小心的；谨慎的curiosity→curious好奇的humor→humorous幽默的­ytaste→tasty美味的；可口的health→healthy健康的mess→messy凌乱的mist→misty多雾的wealth→wea