2021届高考英语作文高分突破概要写作（三）课件

作文高分突破概要写作

32021届高考英语浙江省新高考英语写作

概要写作实例讲解1

AdolescentsleepDeficitSummarywritingprocess:Step1:Readforthemainideaofthewholepassage

Step2:Analyzethestructureofthewholepassage

(What'stherelationshipbetweeneachparagraph?)

Step3:Locate(确定)themainideaofeachparagraph

Keepimportantdetails/LeaveoutunimportantinformationStep4:Writethesummaryinyourownwords(language)请阅读下面的文章，确定文章的主题及结构：

Mostteensneedabout8tomorethan9hoursofsleepeachnight.Therightamountofsleepisessentialforanyonewhowantstodowellintestsorsports.Andlackofsleepaffectseverythingfromaperson'sabilitytopayattentioninclasstohisorhermood.Italsodamagesteens'abilitytodotheirbestinathletics.Unfortunately,researchshowsthatmanyteensdon'tgetenoughsleep,andmorethan20%ofhighschoolstudentsfallasleepinclass.Untilrecently,teenswereoftenblamedforstayinguplate,oversleepingforschool,andfallingasleepinclass.Butrecentstudiesshowthatadolescentsleeppatternsactuallydifferfromthoseofadultsorkids.Thesestudiesshowthatduringtheteenyears,thebody’sbiologicalclockistemporarilyreset,tellingapersontofallasleeplaterandwakeuplater.Thischangemightarisefromthefactthatthebrainhormonemelatonin(褪黑素)isproducedlateratnightforteensthanitisforkidsandadults.Thiscanmakeitharderforteenstofallasleepearly.Thesechangesinthebody'sbiologicalclockareinlinewithatimewhenthey'rebusierthanever.Formostteens,thepressuretodowellinschoolismoreintensethanwhentheywerekids,andit'shardertogetbywithoutstudyinghard.Andteensalsohaveothertimedemands—everythingfromsportsandotherextracurricularactivitiestofittinginapart-timejobtosavemoneyforcollege.Earlystarttimeinsomeschoolsmayalsoplayaroleinthissleepdeficit(不足额).Teenswhofallasleepaftermidnightmaystillhavetogetupearlyforschool,meaningthattheymayonlysqueezein6or7hoursofsleepanight.Acouplehoursofmissedsleepanightmaynotseemlikeabigdeal,butcancreateanoticeablesleepdeficitovertime.Mainideaofthewholepassage?

2.Thestructureofthepassage?

Teensdon'tgetenoughsleepanditsreasons.Para.1:thephenomenonofteenagers'lackofsleep

Para.3Reason2:Teens'busyschedule

Para.2Reason1:adolescentsleeppatternsPara.4Reason3:earlyschoolstarttime段落大意及要点分析Para.1

Mostteensneedabout8tomorethan9hoursofsleepeachnight.Therightamountofsleepisessentialforanyonewhowantstodowellintestsorsports.Andlackofsleepaffectseverythingfromaperson'sabilitytopayattentioninclasstohisorhermood.Italsodamagesteens'abilitytodotheirbestinathletics.Unfortunately,researchshowsthatmanyteensdon'tgetenoughsleep,andmorethan20%ofhighschoolstudentsfallasleepinclass.说明：Unfortunately后的内容是本段的主题句，第二句话是本段的主要信息。绿色的部分是次要信息，删去。原因如下：第一句话与文章的主题“缺乏睡眠”关联不大所以删去；第三、四两句是对第二句话的解释说明，可以删去；最后一句话的后半部分是对前半部分的支撑证据，可以省去。Tip1:在一个段落中，通常However,Unfortunately,But,Actually…等表转折的词后的内容通常是为该段落的主题句。Tip2:与文章主题无关或关联不大的信息是次要信息，概要中不涉及。Tip3:要学会分析句间关系。段落中说明或解释的一些支撑信息一般作为次要信息，概要中不涉及。：第一段要点概括：1.睡眠缺乏的表达方式有：sleep-deprived,lackofsleep,sleepinsufficiency,sleepdeprivation,sleepdeficit,inadequatesleepSleepinsufficiencyamongteenagersisagreatthreattotheiracademicandathleticperformance.Althoughadequatesleepisveryimportanttostudyefficientlyandperformwellinsports,researchersindicatemanyteensaresufferingsleepdeficits.Researchshowsthatmanyteenagerslackenoughsleep,whichisvitaltotheiracademicsandathletics.2.段落大意可概括为:Untilrecently,teenswereoftenblamedforstayinguplate,oversleepingforschool,andfallingasleepinclass.Butrecentstudiesshowthatadolescentsleeppatternsactuallydifferfromthoseofadultsorkids.Thesestudiesshowthatduringtheteenyears,thebody'sbiologicalclockistemporarilyreset,tellingapersontofallasleeplaterandwakeuplater.Thischangemightarisefromthefactthatthebrainhormonemelatoninisproducedlateratnightforteensthanitisforkidsandadults.Thiscanmakeitharderforteenstofallasleepearly.段落大意及要点分析Para.2

说明：红色划线部分为该段的要点内容，第二句为主题句，第三句是解释主题句的重要信息。绿色的部分是次要信息，删去。原因如下：第一句话是例举缺乏睡眠的具体例子，不是该段落的重点；最后的两句话是对第三句话的具体说明，属于次要信息；

第二段段落大意可概括为：Studiesindicatethisproblemisduetotheteenager'sdifferentbiologicalclock,meaningthattheyarenaturallylatesleepersandlaterisers.

Themajorreasonbehindsleepdeficitsinteenagersistheirbiologicalclock

whichcausesthemtostayuplate.Teens'varyingsleeppatternsaretheresultofchangestothebody'sbiologicalclock,makingthemnightowls.Thesechangesinthebody'sbiologicalclockareinlinewithatimewhenthey'rebusierthanever.Formostteens,thepressuretodowellinschoolismoreintensethanwhentheywerekids,andit'shardertogetbywithoutstudyinghard.Andteensalsohaveothertimedemands—everythingfromsportsandotherextracurricularactivitiestofittinginapart-timejobtosavemoneyforcollege.段落大意及要点分析Para.3

说明：红色划线部分为该段的要点内容，第一句为主题句，后两句是解释主题句的两点重要信息。绿色的部分是两点重要信息的具体说明，属于次要信息，概要写作时无需包含进去。

第一句的句意是：这个变化（指上一段提到的睡眠模式的变化）正好发生在他们最忙碌的时候。inlinewithatime意为“与某个时段保持了一致“

第三段段落大意可概括为：Meanwhile,busyandchallenginghighschoollivesleavethemlesstimeforsleep.

Greaterstudypressuresandtighterschedulesdeprivethemoftheirsleeptime.Moreover,teenshavetolessentheirsleeptimetocatchupwiththeirbusyandchallengingschoollife.Earlystarttimeinsomeschoolsmayalsoplayaroleinthissleepdeficit.

Teenswhofallasleepaftermidnightmaystillhavetogetupearlyforschool,meaningthattheymayonlysqueezein6or7hoursofsleepanight.Acouplehoursofmissedsleepanightmaynotseemlikeabigdeal,butcancreateanoticeablesleepdeficitovertime.段落大意及要点分析Para.4

说明：红色划线部分为主题句绿色的部分属于次要信息，概要写作时无需包含进去,原因如下：

第2句的句意基本与主题句一致，故概要写作时无需重复；最后一句是次要的细节信息，概要写作时可不包含。

第四段段落大意可概括为：Reducingsleeptimeforearlyclassesisanotherreasonfortheirsleepdeprivation.Additionally,earlymorningclassescontributetosleepdeficits.

Also,earlyschoolschedulesaddfueltoadolescentsleepinsufficiency.完成概要写作:用恰当的衔接词把每段的要点连接在一起。注意词数，不超过80词。通读一遍，看要点之间是否独立，内容是否连贯，逻辑是否通顺。检查语言的表达是否准确，有无语法、拼写及标点的错误。Possibleversion1:

Althoughadequatesleepplaysancritiricalroletostudyefficientlyandperforminsports,researchersindicatemanyteensaresufferingsleepdeficits.(要点1)Themajorfactorlyingbehindisthechangeofadolescentbiologicalclock,

whichcausesthemtosleeplate.

(要点2)

Meanwhile,busyandchallenginghighschoollifeleavesthemlesstimeforagoodsleep.(要点3)Earlymorningclassesarealso

toblameforitscontributiontoteens'sleeploss.(要点4)

(68words)Possibleversion2:

Sleepinsufficiency,

agreatthreattostudents'academicandathleticperformance,isquitecommonamongteenagers.(要点1)Studiesindicatethisproblemisduetoteenagers'alteredbiologicalclock,meaningthattheyarenaturallylatesleepersandlaterisers.(要点2)

Furthermore,morepressuretostudyandtighterschoolschedulesdeprivethemoftheirsleeptime.(要点3)Reducingsleeptimeforearlyclassesisanothercauseofadolescentsleepdeprivation.(要点4)

(64words)

Possibleversion3:

Researchesshowthatmanyteenagerslackenoughsleep,whichisvitaltotheiracademicsandathletics.(要点1)Thechangeofteens'bodybiologicalclockmakingteenagersnightowls,mayaccountforthisproblem.(要点2)Anotherreason

isthatteenshavetolessentheirsleeptimetocatchupwiththeirbusyandchallengingschoollife.(要点3)

Additionally,schoolearlyschedulesaddfueltoadolescentsleepinsufficiency.(要点4)

(63words)浙江省新高考英语写作

概要写作实例讲解2

Issensitivityalwaysbeneficial?Summarywritingprocess:Step1:Readforthemainideaofthewholepassage

Step2:Analyzethestructureofthewholepassage

(What'stherelationshipbetweeneachparagraph?)

Step3:Locate(确定)themainideaofeachparagraph

Keepimportantdetails/LeaveoutunimportantinformationStep4:Writethesummaryinyourownwords(language)请阅读下面的文章，确定文章的主题及结构：

Sensitivityis,forthemostpart,seenasanoverallpositivehumancharacteristic.Butit'snotnecessarilyalwaysbeneficialtoanindividual.Whiletherearecertainlytimesthatbeingsensitivecanbeadvantageous,thereareothertimesinwhichbeingoverlysensitivecanabsolutelyinfluenceaperson.Sensitivepeopleareabletoseefromavarietyofperspectives.Theyalmostlivevicariously(间接感受到地)throughotherpeople'semotions,especiallywhendealingwithpeopletheytrulycareabout.Thisleadstodeeperhumanconnections,astheirlovedoneswillseehowmuchthesensitivepersonreallycaresbyhowtheyreactinagivensituation.Thereinforcementasensitivepersongivesalovedonejustbytheirresponsemakesitclearthatthepersontrulyenjoysseeingothershappy.Whenthingsaren'tgoingsowellforyourfriends,you'llfeeltheweightoftheworldonyourshoulders.Obviously,youjustwanteveryonearoundyoutobehappy---butthatwon'talwaysbethecase.Whileit'sobviouslyreasonabletobeupsetwhenyourfriendisfeeling,overlysensitivepeopleareunabletoseparatethemselvesfromthesituationandrealizethesadnessoftheirlovedonesisnottheirsadness.Sensitivepeoplepickupontheoverallmoodofaplaceoreventimmediatelyandinstantlyfindthemselvesinthatsamemood,regardlessofhowtheyfeltwhentheywalkedin.Thisallowsthemtofitintoavarietyofsocialsituations,astheyunderstandtheappropriatewaytoactwherevertheyfindthemselves.Butsometimes,thisisnotagoodthing.Sensitivepeopleareincrediblyintunewithminorfluctuations(波动)inanenvironment,sosomethingassimpleasachangeinvolumeorbrightnessinareacanhaveanegativeeffectonasensitiveperson.Whenasensitivepersonexperiencespain,it'salmostimpossibleforhim/hertoletitfallaway.Mainideaofthewholepassage?

2.Thestructureofthepassage?

Themeritsandweaknessofsensitivity.Para.1:theintroductiontothetopic:Sensitivityhasbothmeritsandweaknesses.Para.2:MeritdeepconnectionwithpeoplePara.4:MeritfitinsocialsituationquicklyPara.3:Weakness

unnecessarysufferingfortheirfriends'unhappinessPara.5:Weaknesseasilyinfluencedbythesurroundings段落大意及要点分析Para.1

Sensitivityis,forthemostpart,seenasanoverallpositivehumancharacteristic.Butit'snotnecessarilyalwaysbeneficialtoanindividual.Whiletherearecertainlytimesthatbeingsensitivecanbeadvantageous,thereareothertimesinwhichbeingoverlysensitivecanabsolutelyinfluenceaperson.说明：红色划线部分是本段的主题：敏感总体被认为是一种积极的性格特点，但敏感也不总是给人带来好处。绿色的部分是对红色划线部分的解释，所表达的意思基本与前面的内容一致，无需概括到概要中。Tip1:在一个段落中，通常but后的内容是该段落的主题。但有的时候，but或while的前后内容会是陈述一件事情的两个方面，那么在写概要时，两个方面都要涉及。Tip2:

要学会分析句间关系。如果前后两句话表达的内容几乎相同，或后一句是前一句的解释，那么概要写作时，只要保留第一句话的内容就可以。Para.1要点可概括为：Sensitivitygenerallybringsbenefitstopeople,whilesometimesbeingoverlysensitivecanbeharmful.Generallyperceivedasapositivehumanpersonality,sensitivitycanalsoaffectpeoplenegatively.Sensitivityisacomplicatedpersonality,sometimesbringingsomebadinfluencetopeopleotherthanbenefits.段落大意及要点分析Para.2

Sensitivepeopleareabletoseefromavarietyofperspectives.Theyalmostlivevicariously(间接感受到地)throughotherpeople'semotions,especiallywhendealingwithpeopletheytrulycareabout.Thisleadstodeeperhumanconnections,astheirlovedoneswillseehowmuchthesensitivepersonreallycaresbyhowtheyreactinagivensituation.Thereinforcementasensitivepersongivesalovedonejustbytheirresponsemakesitclearthatthepersontrulyenjoysseeingothershappy.说明：本段讲述敏感的好处。红色划线部分是本段的主题；蓝色划线部分是解释主题的两点重要信息，即促成deeperhumanconnection的两点原因：1.能多角度看问题，感受别人的情绪；2.别人能看出他们对自己的关心。绿色部分是对上一句的解释，表达的意思基本与上一句一致，属于次要信息。

Para.2要点可概括为：Sensitivepeople,withagreatsenseofempathyandsincerecareforothers,aremorelikelytoget

deeplyconnectedwithothers.Onaninterpersonallevel,assensitivepeopleareveryunderstandingandcaring,theycanbuildstrongerbondswithothers.Itiseasierforsensitivepeopletodeepenconnectionswithothersastheycanwellunderstandothers'emotionsandreactwithgreatconcern.

Tip3:在写概要时，需要对原句的信息进行整合提炼。如在表达为什么敏感的人更容易与别人有deeperconnection的时候，可以把两点原因进行整合提炼，即：有同理心(empathy)及对别人的关爱(sincerecare)。

Whenthingsaren'tgoingsowellforyourfriends,you'llfeeltheweightoftheworldonyourshoulders.Obviously,youjustwanteveryonearoundyoutobehappy---butthatwon'talwaysbethecase.Whileit'sobviouslyreasonabletobeupsetwhenyourfriendisfeelingdownandyou'redoingyourbesttohelpthemoutofthesadness,overlysensitivepeopleareunabletoseparatethemselvesfromthesituationandrealizethesadnessoftheirlovedonesisnottheirsadness.说明：本段讲述敏感的害处。红色划线部分是本段的主题，蓝色部分是对主题的进一步说明：敏感的人会承受巨大的压力，且不能从别人的负面情绪中抽身；

绿色部分的内容是次要信息，无需概括到概要中。

段落大意及要点分析Para.3

Para.3要点可概括为：Meanwhile,theymayalsoeasilytaketheirfriends'negativeemotionspersonallyandthereforesufferunnecessarily.Nevertheless,theymayfeelresponsiblefortheirfriends'negativeemotionsandeasilygetdrownedinthosebadmoods.However,theyaremorelikelytobeburdenedwithnegativemoodsfromotherpeople,andworsestill,hardtogetthemselvesoutofthebadfeelings.

Sensitivepeoplepickupontheoverallmoodofaplaceoreventimmediatelyandinstantlyfindthemselvesinthatsamemood,regardlessofhowtheyfeltwhentheywalkedin.Thisallowsthemtofitintoavarietyofsocialsituations,astheyunderstandtheappropriatewaytoactwherevertheyfindthemselves.说明：本段的结构与第二段的结构一致，讲述敏感的另一好处。红色划线部分是本段的主题；蓝色划线部分是解释主题的两点重要信息，即敏感的人容易fitindifferentsocialsituations两点原因：①quicklypickupamoodofaplace②knowhowtoactaccordingly段落大意及要点分析Para.4

Para.4要点可概括为：Sensitivityenablespeopletoperceivetheemotionalatmosphereofasocialsetting,andthustoblendineasilywithproperact.Bybehavingappropriatelywithagreatsenseofcertainatmosphereofasocialplace,sensitivepeoplearemoreadaptivetodifferentsituations.Thankstotheirquickcomprehensionoftheatmosphereandproperbehavior,sensitivepeoplecaneasilygetadjustedtodifferent

socialoccasions.Butsometimes,thisisnotagoodthing.Sensitivepeopleareincrediblyintunewithminorfluctuations(波动)inanenvironment,sosomethingassimpleasachangeinvolumeorbrightnessinareacanhaveanegativeeffectonasensitiveperson.Whenasensitivepersonexperiencespain,it'salmostimpossibleforhim/hertoletitfallaway.说明：红色划线部分是本段的主题。蓝色划线部分是解释主题的重要信息。第二句话是并列句，前半部分表原因，后半部分是不良的后果，故后半部分是主要信息。最后一句话是对主题的进一步说明，也是主要信息，概要中要提及。段落大意及要点分析Para.5

Para.4要点可概括为：However,theymayalsooverreacttoaslightchangeintheenvironmentandhavedifficultygettingoverthepainitcauses.Meanwhile,theyareoverlysensitivetoevenminorchangesaroundthemandunnecessarilyimposethemselvesintobadmoods,stuckinpain.Unfortunately,someslightchangescanleadtotheirnegativeemotionsandtheymayfindthemselvestrappedinthosebadmoods,unabletoletitgo.最后完成概要写作:用恰当的衔接词把每段的要点连接在一起。注意词数，不超过80词。通读一遍，看要点之间是否独立，内容是否连贯，逻辑是否通顺。检查语言的表达是否准确，有无语法、拼写及标点的错误。Possibleversion1:

Sensitivityisacomplicatedpersonalitywithmeritsandweaknesses.(要点1)Interpersonally,assensitivepeopleareunderstandingandcaring,theycanbuildstrongerbondswithothers.(要点2)However,theymayalsoeasilytaketheirfriends'negativeemotionspersonallyandthereforesufferunnecessarily.(要点3)Meanwhile,sensitivityenablespeopletoquickl