Unit2ExploringEnglishUsinglanguage构词法课件高中英语

Unit

2

ExploringEnglishWordformation构词法ReviewthepassageNeitherPinenorAppleinPineappleLead-inMatch搭配thewordstothetypes种类ofwordformation构词法.a.Neitheristherepinenorappleinpineapple.b.…sculptasculpture…c.Whenwe…seerain…,wecansay“it’sraining”…d.WHOdcbaNowlookfor寻找moreexamples例子ofeachtypeinthereadingpassage.IT,USwhenwe…see…snow,wecansay…“it’ssnowing”.paint-painting,hard-hardly,soft-softly,harm-harmless/harmful,shame-shameless/shameful,visible-invisiblehamburger,eggplant,seasick,airsick,carsick,homesick,homework,housework

一种语言的词汇绝不能看作是无生命的、完全的整体。词汇是会通过其构词能力不断地生成和再生成的。构词法（根据一定的规律构成新单词的方法）Compounding（合成）Conversion（转化）Derivation（派生）Abbreviation（缩略）构词法(Wordformation)

1)

合成名词名词+名词：postman邮递员,notebook笔记本形容词+名词：blackboard黑板,supermarket超市名词+动词：sunrise日出,haircut理发，发型动词-ing形式+名词：readingroom阅览室,washingmachine洗衣机名词+动词-ing形式：handwriting书写,papermaking剪纸动词+名词：pickpocket扒手,workroom工作室动词+副词：breakup分裂，瓦解其它形式：get-together聚会,go-between媒人,passer-by路人2)

合成形容词形容词+名词+ed:warm-hearted热心的形容词+v.-ing:good-looking好看的

副词+v.-ing:hard-working努力工作的

名词+v.-ing:English-speaking说英语的名词+v.-ed:man-made人造的

副词+v.-ed:well-known著名的形容词+名词:mid-east中东的,round-trip往返的3)

合成代词代词宾格/物主代词+self/selves：herself,ourselves某些不定代词some,any,every,no等+body/one/thing：anyone,nothing4)

合成介词介词+副词：within在..之内副词+名词：outside在外面5)

合成副词副词+名词：indoors在室内,upstairs在楼上介词+名词：alongside在旁边,beforehand事先，提前名词+形容词：sky-high极高地，高昂地副词+介词：nearby在附近其它形式：meanwhile同时,headfirst头向前地6)

合成动词副词+动词：overhear无意听到,overwork加班,名词+动词：sunbathe晒太阳形容词+动词：whitewash掩饰，粉刷,safeguard保护FindtheCompoundingwordsinthereadingmaterialandgivethemeanings.Whilewe’redoingallthistravelling,wecangetseasickatsea,airsickintheairandcarsickinacar,butwedon’tgethomesickwhenwegetbackhome.Andspeakingofhome,whyaren’thomeworkandhouseworkthesamething?seasick（晕船）;airsick（晕机）;carsick（晕车）;homesick（想家）;homework（家庭作业）;housework（家务事）【即学即练】2.派生法(Derivation)：在一个词根之前或之后加上一个词缀，构成一个新词，这种构词法叫派生法。单词前加前缀，一般不改变词性，只引起意义上的变化。单词后加后缀，一般意义变化不大，只改变了词性。如：(dis)agree,agree(ment),（dis）agree(ment)。常见前缀含义/功能例词in-,il-,im-,ir-,un-,non-,dis-表否定incorrect不正确的,illegal违法的,impolite不礼貌的,irrelative不相关的,unnecessary不必要的,non-smoking不吸烟的,dislike不喜欢mis-错误地mislead误导,misunderstand误解,misadventure不幸遭遇pre-在……之前preschool学前,preview预习re-再，重新retell复述,rewrite重写,review复习inter-相互international国际的,interconnect相互联系常见前缀含义/功能例词a-（形容词前缀）...的asleep睡着的,alive活着的en-（动词前缀）使...enrich丰富,enlarge扩大tele-远程的television,telescope望远镜auto-自动automation自动化co-共同cooperate合作,co-worker同事multi-多multicultural多元文化的,multilingual多语言的kilo-千kilogram千克,kilometer千米常见名词后缀含义/功能例词-er，-or表具有...特征之人或用于……之物teenager,cooker,

actor-ment表结果、状态replacement替换,

disappointment沮丧,arrangement安排,argument争论-ion表状态、行为examination,condition状况,reflection反映，action-hood表身份、性质、时期parenthood为人父母,brotherhood手足情谊,childhood童年-ist表主义者、从事某种职业panist,socialist社会主义者-ship表性质、关系ownership所有权,friendship常见副词后缀含义/功能例词-ly表示方式carefully认真地,quickly快速地-ward（s）向...towars朝着，forward向前常见动词后缀含义/功能例词-ise/-fy/-en使......realise实现,beautify美化widen加宽常见形容词后缀含义/功能例词-ed感到...interested,confused困惑的-ful/ive/ous/al表有……性质的，充满……的useful有用的,painful痛苦的,positivie积极的anxious焦虑的cultural文化的-less表示无、没有careless粗心的,useless无用的-able表示可……的，有……性质的knowledgeable知识渊博的,comfortable舒适的①Theyalsosharedwithusmany__________(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere________(huge)popularwithtourists.②Wearesoproudofher.It's____________(wonder).③Allthefootball_________(play)ontheplaygroundcheeredloudly.

NMET2019traditionalhugelywonderfulplayers1.按所给词的正确形式填空

rain(形容词)________agree(反义)__________nation(形容词)_______farm(人)__________recent(副词)________friend(形容词)________hope(形容词)_______job(否定形容词)_________visit(名词)__________access(形容词)________eight(八十)________true(名词)___________kind(名词)_______China(形容词)________2.按括号内的要求改写下列单词rainynationalrecentlyhopeful/hopelessvisitoreightykindnessdisagreefarmerfriendlyjoblessaccessibletruthChinese3.

转化法(Conversion)：有些名词可作动词，有些形容词可作动词、名词或副词。这种保持词形不变，但改变词性的方法叫转化法。1)动词转化为名词有些词在转化过程中词义变化不大，如attempt试图,laugh大笑。有些动词转化为名词时意义有一定的变化，如：wind(v.上发条→n.风）tear（v.

撕开→

n.

泪水），record（v.

记载，录制→

n.

记录）。2)名词转化为动词face

n.

脸→

v.

面对nurse

n.

护士→

v.

护理water

n.

水→

v.

浇水e.g.Shegavemeaglassofwater.她给了我一杯水。

Youshouldwatertheflowerstwiceaweek.你应该每周给这些花浇两次水。3)

形容词转化为动词、名词或副词narrow

adj.

窄的→

v.

使……变窄red

adj.

红色的→

n.

红色fast

adj.

快的→

adv.

迅速地e.g.Thestairswereverynarrow.楼梯非常狭窄。Henarrowedhiseyesandgazedatthehorizon.他眯起眼睛凝望着地平线。Wepaintedthedoorbrightred.我们把门漆成鲜红色。Ilikethewaytheartistusesredinthispainting.我喜欢画家在这幅作品中对红色的运用。。请大家判断词性转化类型,然后翻译句子(1)Letmehaveatry.(2)Youcould

shoulder

thetask.(3)Youshouldtryyourbesttobetteryourperformance.(4)Theyare

discussing

the

content

ofthe

story.v.-n.让我来试一试。n.-v.你可以承担这项任务。adj.-v.你应该尽最大努力让自己有更好的表现。adj.-n.他们正在讨论这个故事的内容。【即学即练】4.

缩略法(Abbreviation)：用单词或短语的部分内容指代整体。

1)首字母缩写

VeryImportantPersonVIPChiefExecutiveOfficerCEOChinaCentralTelevisionCCTVWorldTradeOrganizationWTOVirtualRealityVRPhotoshopPS图像处理2)单词截短(Clipping)（截头，去尾，截头又去尾）

telephone–phone

advertisement–ad广告influenza--flu流感Dividethefollowingwordsaccordingdifferentwordformation.Abbreviation:_____________________________________________USADJPMwatermelonschoolworkUSAsunshinetoothacheimpossiblebookstorenationalmooncakeDJrestroomchopstickimpolitetextbookwarmthbathroomdisagreePMbutterflysnowmanCompounding:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Derivation:_________________________________________________watermelonschoolworksunshinetoothachebookstoremooncakerestroomchopsticktextbookBathroombutterflysnowmanimpossiblenationalimpolitewarmthdisagreewatermelonschoolworkUSAsunshinetoothacheimpossiblebookstorenationalmooncakeDJrestroomchopstickimpolitetextbookwarmthbathroomdisagreePMbutterflysnowmanComplete完成thepassagewiththehelpof在...的帮助下

wordformationandgetthemainideaofeachparagraph.Whatiscalledwordformation.penfriendwell-knownPrefixes前缀andsuffixes后缀

oftenhavefixed固定的meanings.Ifyouadd添加

un-orin-toaword,thenewwordusuallymeansopposite相反的.Forexample,ifsomethingisn’tcorrectit’s_________,andifsomeoneisn’thappythey’re_________.Wordswiththes