高中英语重点词汇精讲

中学英语重点词汇精讲abandon:vt.放弃，遗弃abandonmedicineforliterature弃医从文；desert:遗弃，抛弃onadesertedisland.ability:n实力，才能：havetheabilitytodo…=becapableofdoing…有实力做……able:adj.有实力的：anableleader;beableto与can的区分：can只有现在(can)和过去(could)两种形式，而beableto可有各种时态。（详见情态动词）。Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquickly,buteveryone______getout.A.couldB.wasabletoC.canD.must(B)aboard:adv./prep在船（飞机，车）上.Aboard=onboard;Allaboard!请上船；开船啦。Welcomeaboard!请上船（飞机，车）about:prêt./adv.在四周，在身边；关于(on更肃穆，正式)；大约：beabouttodo...(=beat/onthepointofdoing...)即将做。。。。。。后不能接soon,atonce等时间状语；Howabout+doing/名词/代词/句子等...=Whatabout..做......好吗？①Ihavenomoneyaboutme.②HaveyouheardofthestoryaboutShakespeareabouttwoyeas=twoyearsprso=sometwoyearsAllthemariners____diedexcepttheonewhoshotthebirdlefttotellhisstorytoothers,whichwasdescribedinthepoemcalled“TheRimeoftheAncientMariner.”A.onaboardB.onaboardC.onboardsD.aboardabroad:adv.be(go/live/travel)abroad;come(return)fromabroad;bothathomeandabroad在国内外；beallabroad离题，不中肯absence:n.absent:adj.不在，缺席；不在意的：HewillbeabsentatthemeetingfromBeijing.（不在北京）HewillbeabsentatthemeetinginBeijing.（外出在北京）Absenceofmind心不在焉；反义词：present出席的，在场的，用法和absent一样，但作定语要后置(n.礼物，atpresent目前)_______gotapresentattheparty.(A)A.AllpresentB.PresentallC.Allpresentingabsorb:vt.汲取（声音，光线，液体等），汲取，理解（学问等）；Beabsorbedin聚精会神于。Iwasabsorbedinabookanddidn’thearyoucall.academic:学院的，学校的，学业的。academiclevels/challenges:学业水平/学习中的挑战。accident:意外;incident:小事务，政治事变或事务byaccident=bychance偶然accept:承认，接受（主观），receive:收到（表客观），acceptAasB承认A是B,Hewasacceptedasanexcellentteacheratlast.Yesterdayhedid_______aninvitation,butherefusedto_____it.(B、A)A.acceptB.receiveaccess:进入，接近(to),haveaccessto:有权进入….,能够运用到….accessibleadj.可以运用（或得到）的。能进入的。Sth.beaccessabletosb.某人简洁运用到…account:accountfor…说明，描述。Onaccountof…因为…takeaccountof…考虑到…。accuse;指控,指责。Accusesb.Ofsth…指控某人犯…；beaccusedof…被指控犯…。achieve:①完成,取得,达到achieveone’swork/success/one’sgoal;achievethegoalofdoing…达到…..目标。eq\o\ac(○,2)achievements:成就，成果Heachieved/gainedgreat/brilliantachievementsinwritingnovels.acquire:学习（一般指天生的习得）；而learn指课堂学习。Englishacquiredability.across:①横穿而过（从物体表面）；through:穿过（从物件内部）；over:跨过（从物体上方）；past:经过（从物件旁边）；along:经过（从物体边沿）Hewent______theriveranddidn’tfindaboattogo_____it.A.over,acrossB.along,acrossC.along,overD.past,throughact:①vi.行为，演出，Vt.担当，演……角色(=playthepartof)n.法令,条例actas=workas=serveas担当,充当Whowill_____ShakespeareinthefilmA.actB.actasC.playapartpf(A)①action.n.行为,行动,措施takeactions实行行动,takemeasures实行措施active:adj.主动的,活跃的take(an)activepartin主动参与……,beactiveinsth./doingsth.在……方面很主动。live/leadanactivelife过着活跃的生活。actual:①现实的，实际的（现实存在，不是想象中的）；real:真实的（不是假的）rue:真实的（不是inactuallife,arealgoldring,atruestory②actually:adv.事实上，的确=infact/inreality/asamatteroffact=reallyadapt:（使适应。dapt(oneself)to…（使适应..adaptAforB:把A改编/改写/改造成adaptfrom…依据……改编。add:①vt.加add…to…把……加到……上Two_____tothreemakesfive.A.addedB.addingC.isaddedD.beingadded(A)②addto增加,(=increase)Thebadweatheraddedtoourdifficulties.③addup把加Pleaseaddupallthefigures.④addupto合计为=cometo=amounttoaddict:vt.使……沉溺,be/getaddictedto对……上瘾Theyoungmangetsaddictedtodrugs.address:①n地址②v寄.=postheaddressedalettertome.adjust:adjust(oneself)to…使自己相宜于……；adaptto适应于=agreewithadmire:admiresb.For(doing)sth.因……而敬佩某人;envy:嫉妒,艳羡envysb.sth.admit:①vi/vt.admit(to)sth.承认……admissionn.②让……进入,接纳admitab.to/into…允许某人进入……beadmittedtoschool/hospital,允许进入……,③admitdoingsth.允许做……承认做……④admit+从句⑤admttof…=allowof…容许有……Thematteradmitsofnodelay.容纳=hold=seatTheroomcanadmit200persons.adopt:接受,接受(=accept),收养。adoptone’ssuggestion.advance:advancetowardsaplace:向……前进advanceinsth.在……方面有增长;advancetoaplace:到达……;advanceon/upon…靠近,进攻;inadvance:提前=aheadoftime;inadvanceof…在……之前,比……前进。Advancing=developing:发展中的，advanced:发达的，高级的，进步的。advantage:优点，好处takeadvantageof…利用……=makeuseof;have/takeanadvantageoverothers对……有优势。disadvantage:不足,可数名词。advice:①忠告，劝告（不行数），tip:劝告，可数，apieceofadvice一条劝告，givesb.someadviceon(howtodo)sth就……给某人提建议,take/followone’sadvice接受某人的建议,ask(sb.)foradvice征询某人的建议,dosth.onone’sadvice按某人的建议做……②advise:v.(BE)=advicev.(AE)advisesb.todosth.劝某人做……,advisesb.nottodosth=advisesb.againstdoingsth.劝/建议某人不要做……,advisedoingsth.建议做……;但suggest可用suggest:(one’s/sb.)doingsth,不用suggestsb.todosth.I____theladygothereatonce.A.suggestedB.advisedC.hopedD.wished(A)affair:泛指“事务,事情,事务”,affairs:表重大“事务或事态”;event:指有重大意义的历史事务;business:生意,公事on/inbusiness,gointobusiness;matter问题Businessbeforepleasure.Thereareseveralmatterstobedealtwithatthemeeting.affect:vt.影响effevtn.haveaneffecton…=affect…对…有影响.haveno/much/great/little…effecton/upon对什么没有/有很大/重大/很小,几乎没有影响.effectiveadj.有效的afford:①负担起(……的费用)可接名词,代词或todo……,常与can.could,beableto连用于否定句或问句中.hispoorfamilycan’taffordhiseducation.Ican’taffordtobuyacaratpresent.②抽得出时间=spare但spare可sparesb.+时间Hecan’taffordtimeforthecinema.Icanspareyoutwohours.我能为你抽出两个小时.③供应affordsb.sth.=offersb.sth./offersth.tosb.=supplysthto/forsb./supplysb.Withsth.=providesb.Withsth./providesthfor/tosb.Failureaffordusexperience.afraid:beafraidtodo…胆怯 做……,beafraidof(doing)sth.担忧做……beafraid+句子,beafraidnot/so唯恐不行/唯恐如此(对句子的省略回答).Idon’twanttobeawaitressbecauseI’mafraid____dishesfrequently.A.onbreakingB.tobreak(A)after:①表过去一段时间以后或将来某个时刻以后,反义词是before指从过去算起时间以前或将来某个时刻以前;而指将来一段时间以后,反义词是ago指从现在算起一段里头以前.②afterall终归,终究,aboveall首先,最重要的是(作入语),指重要性;firstofall首先,最重要的是,指依次或重要性,inall=intotal=altogether总共,atall根本.wecan’tblamehimforwhathedid;____heisachild.A.atallB.inallC.afterallD.aboveall(C)agree:①agreetosth.同意,成(plan/arrangement/suggestion/…②agreewothsb.(或decision,view,opinion,或某人的话)同意,成;与……一样,适合(天气,食物等)hemovedtobiijingbecausehe____theweatherhere.(A)A.didn’tagreewithB.wasn’tsuitableforC.wasn’tfitforD.didn’tagreeto③agreetodosth.同意,成做……④agreeonsth.在…….取得一样⑤agree+句子,同意……⑥反义词:disagree,名词:agreement:契约,协议reach/cometo/arriveat/makeanagreementwith…onsth.与……就…….达成协议.aid:do/give/offerfirstaidtosb=do/give/offersb.firstaid对某人进行急救;go援救某人aim:n./v.目标,目的,瞄准takeaimat…=aimat…瞄准……目的在于……aimsthatsth用什么瞄准什么东西,aimyourgunat….,用枪瞄准……aim…at…旨在…;aimtodosth目的在于做…chinahaslongbeenaleaderinthefieldofgeneticresearch____atimporovingagriculture.A.aimedB.aimingC.toaim(A)hehasaimedatenteringakeyuniversity.air:①intheair在空中,在流传,悬而未决;ontheair在广播中;byair乘飞机等(=byplane)lintheopenair在野外②vt.使通风,晾干airyourclothesall:all,both,each,every,everybody,everything,complete,completely,always,whole,wholly,entirely,altogether等是总括含义代词形容词和副词等,与否定词not连用,构成部分否定,表示“不都,并非都”.而全否定要用no,none,never,nobody,nothing,neither,noone,nowhere,nomore,nolong,noway等,表示否定意义的词与确定式谓语一起运用构成“全部否定”.allow:①allowdoing…允许做…..②allowsb.todo….允许某人做Studentsaren’tallowed____inschool.A.tosmokeB.smoking(A)③allowfor…考虑到，体谅，顾与。Ittakesaboutanhourtogetthere,allowingforpossibletrafficdelays.④allowof…容许，容得themeetingallowsofnodelay.⑤allowsb.sth.同意给某人…….alive:loving,lovely,lovely,alive,live的区分:aliveadj.“活着的”,作后置定语,表语,补足语等,不作前置定语;keptstholivelive:作定语,“活的,有生命的,活生生的,生气勃勃的,燃着的,实况转播的”,还可作动词,alivefish,livecoal燃着的煤,alivefootballmatch一场直播的足球;aliveyoungman一个生气勃勃的年轻人;livingadj.“有生命的,活着的”,作前置定语或表语(还可作名词makealiving),修饰人或物,livingbeings/things生物;lively:“生动的,活跃的,充溢生气的”alivelyandinterestingclass;lovelyadj.可爱的alovelygirl.Whileapersonisasleep,apartofhisbrainisstill____.A.activeB.aliveC.awakeD.aware(A)Languageisa____andcontinuallychangingthing.A.liveB.aliveC.livelyD.living(D)almost:“几乎”=nearly,但almost不能位于very后;nearly不能和any,no,none,never,nothing等连用,notnearly“决不,远非”=farfrom;almostnot“几乎不”Iamfarfrom_____withwhathesaid.(A)A.satisfiedB.satisfyingC.beingsatisfiedalone:①adj.“单独的”,作表语或补足语,表客观事实;lonely:“孤独的,荒芜的,偏僻的”,可带感情色调.②adv.单独地,独自alone=onone’sown=byoneself单独地,leavesb.alone别打搅某人,把某人单独下Theoldmanlivesaloneinalonelyhouse,buthedoesn’tfeellonelybecausehecanmakealivingalone.aloud:出声(侧重,由无声到有声)loud大声地(侧重声音由低到高).Pleasespeakloud.Ican’thearyouclearly.although:①conj.虽然=though,不与but,so,and连用,可与yet,still连用.②Although:常位于句首,不用倒装;though:位于句中或句首,可倒可不倒装;as常位于句首,要倒装(即副词,形容词,省冠词的名词,动词原形提前),它们都接句子;inspiteof=despite是介词短语,接名词或动名词._____gettinghighmarksintheexaminations,heisstillworkinghard.A.InspiteofB.AlthoughC.ThoughD.Incaseofamaze:vt.使……感到特别惊讶.①amazesb.②beamazedatsth对……感到惊讶.③beamazedtodosth④Iwasamazed+句子.amazing表示令人惊异的事物;amazed表示人感到惊异.among:在……之间(多者);between:在……之间(两者);betweenAandBanother:泛指多者中另外“一个或几个”threemoreboys=anotherthreeboys;theother两者中另外“一个”one…theother…一个……另一个;theothers=theother+可复:“另外一些”,指全部;others=other+可复:“另外一些”,指部分Ineed____studentstohelpmecarrythebooksbesidesTomandPeter.A.threeotherB.threeanotherC.anotherthreeD.otherthree(C)answer:答复,回答answertheletter/door/phone/question,answerfor对……负责,受到报应,answeraquestion=replytoaquestion;ananswer/akeyto………的答案anxious:adj.渴望的,忧虑的(anxietyn.)beanxioustodosth.急迫做……,beanxiousfor/about.….为……担忧,beanxious+句子(虚拟语气);beeagertodosth..渴望做……;lookforwardtodoingsth..盼望做…….apologize:apologize(tosb.)fordoingsth./sth.=makeanapology(tosb.)fordoingsth./sth.为……向某人致歉.appear:①出现,显露,thesunappearedoutoftheblackcloud.②来到,露面(Hedidn’tappearuntilthemeetingalmostended.③看来(似乎)Itappears/seemstosb.that+句子=sb.appears/seemstodosth.(此结构一般不用look)appear指从外表上看好象(=look)……;而seem指实质上看好象……Heappearstohaveknownthenews=itappearsthathehasknownthenews.Theplaneappearsstrongerinsidethanoutside.(不用seem)④appearance:n.出现,来到,外貌,面貌Theoldbuildingaffectstheappearanceofthecity.apply:①apply…to…把……应用于Weshouldapplythetheorytopractice.②applyto适用于Thiskindofbooksdoesn’tapplytochildren.③apply(tosb.)for…向某从恳求/申请……Whenyouhaveanyquestion,pleaseapplytomeforhelp.④appilicationn.approach:v.靠近,接近.与….打交道(about);着手处理n.靠近,接近(of);通道,入口(to);方法(to)argue:争吵,争论.着重就自己的看法或立场提出论证和别从辩论;而quarrel:争吵,吵架.表示因不同意或不宠爱而产生的剧烈的争论或争吵;debate:辩论,争论.argument:n.①argueaboutsth.争吵(关于……)②arguewithsb.同……争吵③arguefor/against…赞成/反对……④arguewithab.about/oversth.与某从争论某事,为……与某人争吵⑤argueab.Intodoingsth.～persuadesb.intodoing….劝服某人做….=persuadesb.todosth.⑥arguesth.对某事争论⑦arguethat-clause:主见,认为……arrange:vt/vi.支配,筹划.arrangesth.Forsb.为…支配….;arrangewithsb.about/for…与…商定某事.arrangetodosth支配做….;arrangethat+句子.arrive:①vi.到达arriveat/in(大地方用in,小地方用at)…=getto(接home,here,there,省to)=reac(常指努力到达)②得出arriveat/cometoaconclusion/decision得出结论,做出确定.③arrivaln.到达,来到.as:①conj.像……一样,表比较as…as…,notso…as…修饰形容词可单时,形容词提到冠词前,这点和that,how,too等一样;但like是介词.Hedoeshisworkashisfatherdoes(likehisfather).Heis____asMary.A.asgoodastudentB.sogoodastudentC.toogoodastudentD.asagoodstudent(A)②表方式,“依据,犹如”YoumusttoeverythingasItellyou.③表时间,“当……时”,“随着”,和When,while的区分:while:当……时,和……同时(谓语噗持续性动词),而(并列连词),虽然(从属连词=although);when:当……时表“突然”.as(hewas)ayoungman,hejoinedthearmy.Astimegoeson,Ilovehermoreandmore.④表缘由,与because,since,nowthat,for,的区分:as表干脆缘由,because表真正缘由,since和nowthat表明显的已成事实的缘由,for表推断,⑤表让步,“虽然,尽管”和though,although的区分(略)关系代词,thesame(…)as…,such(…)as…,as…as…,asiswellknowntousall,asweexpect.Myhometownisnolongerthesameasitwas.Asisknowntousallmchinaisalargecountrywithalonghistory.⑦soasto…/so…asto…以至于Heraisedhisvoicesoastobeheard.so/asfaras远到……,就……而论,据…..所知,asfor至于(=asto),就……方面说;asusual像平常一样;asitis/was事实上,既然如此;asitwere乎可以说是.Asitis,wecanhardlygettothestationby6o’clock.Thebookgives,asitwere,apoctureoftheeviloldsociety.⑧.assoonas=immediately/themiment/theminute/directly/instantly+句子…..就…..,当……时⑨.as/solongas=onconditionthat只要,asthough=asif似乎;asmanyas+(句子或可复或和…一样多,多达;asmuchas+(句子,不行数,重量,价格,数量等);aslongas长达;asfaras远到,就……而论.Hehasstayedhereasmanyastenyearsandearnedasmuchastenthousandpounds.⑩aswellas也,又,还有HeknowsEnglishaswell.HeaswellasIisgoingtoBeijingnextmonth.⑾…is+倍数/分数+as+adj./adv.+as…=…is+倍数/分数+比较级+than…=…is+倍数/分数(double./twice两倍)+thesize/length/depth/widthof…Thisrailwayisdoublethelengthofthatone=…ostwotimesaslongas…=isoncelongerthan…ashamed:adj.惭愧,害臊be/feelashamedtodosth.=be/feelashamedofdoingsth.对做某事感到惭愧,be/feelashamedforsb.替某人感到惭愧,be/feelashamedthat+句子,beashamedofoneself为自己感到害臊IfeelashamedofnothavingdonemuchforthepeoplelikeLeiFeng.ask:①asksb.aquestion问某人问题asksb.(not)todo…叫某人不做……,ask/inritesb.toameeting请某人到会.②asksb.forsth.向某人要某物(求某事)=asksYoushouldaskyourparentsforpermissionatfirst.③askafavorofsb.要求某人帮忙④askafter…问候,探问Weshouldoftenaskafterourparents’health.⑤askfor…要求,求同Theboy’smotheraskedforhisheadteacherabouthisstudiesastonish:vt.使惊异(surprise＜amaze＜astonish＜shock)它们的用法结构一样,besurprisedatsth,对….感到惊讶,besurprisedtodosth.因做…感到惊讶.(surprising,surprised区分)attempt:attend:①出席,参与(=bepresentat),照料(carefor=lookafter=takecareof),上(学)=gotoThenurseattendedthepatientpatiently.②attendto用心于,致力于Thestudentattendstohosstudieseveryday.③attentionn.payattentionto(doing)sth.留意…..,draw/attractone’sattention引起某人的留意.holdone’sattentionon将留意力集中于……attract:v.吸引,attract/drawone’sattention.吸引某人的留意.attractiveadj.=striking.吸引人的average:adj./n.平均(的)on(the/an)average平均来说;above/below(the)average平均水平以上/以下.Theiraverageageis20avoid:v.避开,躲开,躲避.avoidsth/doingsth.避开(做)…awake:awoke–awoke/awaked:①醒的,醒悟的,警觉的,意识到的作后置定语或表语,beaeake醒着的isheasleeporawakeBeawaketo…意识到…=awaketo=realize=beawareof…②vi./vt唤醒,醒来=wakeup,但awake可指“使觉醒,觉醒,意识到”=awaken表抽象意义.Thenationalspiritisawaken.Hedidn’tawaketothedanger.aware:adj.意识到的beawareof知道,意识到=realize;beawarethat/wh.away:goaway走开;runaway跑开;breakawayfrom脱离…..破除……;throwaway扔掉;blowaway刮走;clearaway把……清除掉;driveaway开走;getawayfrom离开某地,逃离;washaway冲走;sendaway赶走,开除;takeaway带走;putaway收好,储存;turnaway离开,把……打发走;keepawayfrom远离;giveaway捐赠.Hismotherhadthoughtitwouldbegoodforhischaracterto____fromhomeandearnsomemoneyonhisown.A.runawayB.takeawayC.keepawayD.getaway(D)Bback:①adj.后面的；n.背部,背后;adv.回原处,向后;v.(使)倒退Thedriverbackedhiscaralittle.backandforth=toandfrom来来往往,前后Inspringwecanseebirdsflyingbackandforth.②atthebackof…在……的后面(范围内外都可),而infrontof…在……前面(范围外),inthefrontof…(范围内);attheheadof在……的前头;③back不能与return,repay等连用.return=comeback,bad:①坏的,腐烂的,不正确的,严峻的gofrombadtoworse愈来愈糟,haveabad/hardtime日子艰难,bebad/poorat……成果不好,bebadfor…=beharmfulfor对……有害,catchabadcold重感冒,feelbad感到不舒适,gobad起先变坏②badly:adv.坏地,恶劣地,严峻地,(=seriously),特别(=very/extremely/highly)Iwantthenewpenbadly.bargain:①bargainwithsb.about/over/forsth.与某人讨价还价买……=makeabargainwithsb.oversth.②(经过讨价还价以后)成交的商品,便宜货It’sabargain.base:①n.基础,基地,依据地anairbase空军基地,makeLondonthebaseforhiswork.②vt.基于,以……为依据(base…on/upon…;bebasedon…),但basedon…以…为基础,依据…=accordingto=dependingon=relyingon,常用来作状语或定语.Onthebaseof…以…为基础.Scientifictheoriesmustbebasedonfacts.Thefilmwasmade____onatruelovestory.(B)A.tobebasedB.basedC.basingD.base③basic:基本的,基础的;formedthebasisfor…形成了……的基础.basis:n.基础,通常表比方用法.beat:(心脏)跳动,战胜(=defeat)人或队伍,敲打(连续击打);hie:重击(一次性),攻击(=strike);获胜(竞赛,辩论,战斗,奖牌等);attack进攻vt/n.Ourteambeattheirsandwonthematch..Astorm____thecityamdcausedmanydeaths.A.hitB.strikeC.beatD.attacked(A)because:①连词,接句子Ourteachergotangrybecause____.A.whatIdidB.thatIwaslateC.ofwhatIsaid(C)②becauseof:=asaresultof…=onaccountof…=asaconsequenceof…复合介词,接名词,代词`动名词\what从句等构成介词短语,作状语.但一般不能作表语Theaccidentwasbecauseofhiscarelessness(×).thanksto一般可和becauseof换,但表“幸亏,多亏:等感谢时不能用becauseof,不好的事不用thanksto.Becauseoftheaccident,helosthistwolegs.(√)Owingto中owing是形容词,因此可作表语.意思是“由于,应归功于…”Mary’sbreakingawayfromherfamilywasowingtoherfather’scruelty.dueto中的due是形容词,可作表语\定语和状语.另外,bedueto还有“应归于……,应付给……按支配做…”,dueto:由…引起,由于≈becauseofI’mduetograduateinthenexthalfoftheyear.A.amabouttoB.amduetoC.amowingtoThewagesduetohimwillbepaidtomorrow.A.becoweofB.duetoC.belougstoD.onallountofbefore①:prep./adv./conj.以前,在……以前,与ago不同;在……前面表时间,地点(=infrontof)只表地点longbefore很久以前,beforelone=verysoon不久以后。②Itwillbe+一段时间+before+一般现在时/itwas+一段时间+before+一般过去时“多久以后就……”Itwillbetwomothsbeforewemeetagain.两周后人们才会再见面。ItwasnotlongbeforeIsawheragain.不久以后我又见到了她。Hewillbebackbefore7:00thisevening._____shewillbebackhomeforherglasses.A.itislongbeforethatB.itwillbelongbeforeC.itwon’tbelongbeforeD.itisbeforelongthat(D)begin:起先，beginwith…以后…起先。inthebeginning起初，当时；Atthebeginningof…在……之初。believe:信任,认为(指信任某人的话=havefaithin…但havefaithin还有“信仰”之意.);believein=trustin信任某人(人格,实力等),信奉;trustsb.信任(某人的实力),believe+句子belong:vi.属于(无进行时和被动),belongtosb.Thependoesn’tbelongto___.A.meB.mine(A)Chinaisacountrybelongingtothethirdworld.benefit:①vt.benefitsb.对……有益,有益于②benefitfrom…从中得益③n.利益=goods=interestsThepeopleinJinTanghavebenefitedfromChengduWildlifeWorld.=ChengduWildlifeWorldhasbenefitedthepeopleinJinTang.besides:①“除……之外(还有……)”=aswellas=inadditionto,除去的内容包括在整体之内;except:“除……之外(不再有)”,除去的内容不包含在整体之内,不位于句首;exceptfor:除去的内容与整体不同类;except+that/what等引导的句子;apartfrom:相当于but,except和exceptfor,但apartfrom不接句子和不定式;but=except,但but后可接不定式(but前有do或choose的形式省to,有help可省可不省to,否则不省to),except后可接句子,这时不能和其它几个转换,butfor“要不是……”,用于虚拟语气中.doyouknowanyotherforeignlanguagebesidesEnglishThisisagoodcompositionexceptforsomemistakes.Heisagoodstudentexceptthatsometimeshecomeslatetoschool.Butforyourhelp,Icouldn’thavepassedtheexam.Wehadnochoicebuttowaitforher.Hecoulddonothingformebutgivemealittlemoney.Hecouldnotchooseanythingbut____.A.waitB.towaitC.waiting(A)②adv.而且,另外=andanotherthing=inaddition=moreover作插入语,常用“,”分开.Besides,weshouldpracticeEnglisheveryday.beyond:prep.在…的那一边,超过(时间,地点,程度)beyondone’sunderstanding/power/dream/imagination/reach/hopeThequestionisbeyondmyunderstanding.bit:①abit=alittle+adj./adv.一点,一些Ifeelalittletirednow.但abitof=alittle+不行数名词,notabit=notatall毫不;notalittle=verymuch特别Aren’tyoutirednow---___.Notalittle.A.YesB.No(A)留意像这种否定疑问句,还有否定转移句和前否后肯的反意句均要依据实际状况选择yes/no.blame:vt./n.责怪,指责blamesth.on/uponsb.=blamesb.forsth.=lay/puttheblame0n/uponsb.forsth.把……归咎于其人,因……而责怪某人。beblamedfor(doing)sth.=betoblamefor…Whoistoblameforbreakingthewindow.(=Whowillbeblamed…)区分：scoldv./n责骂，怒骂，训斥scoldsb.forsth;punishv.惩处，痛击punishsb.forsth.criticize:v.指责，批判，评论，criticizesb.forsth,;remark:评论，谈论，remarkonsth.,remarkabout/atsb,;book:bookaticket(room,hotel,seat),booksb.onsth.为某人订……;order:订购,定做……,点(菜,饭,饮料,票);reserve预定(座位,房间等)bore:使某人厌烦。boresb;boresb.todeath;beboredwith=betiredof=befedupwith…厌倦……;bored:厌烦的;boring:令人厌烦的。borrow:借进，borrowsthfrom…;lend:借出lendsth.tosb.=lendsb.sth;borrow和lend都是终止性动词，持续性用keep.HowlongcanI____yourbookA.keepB.borrowC.lend(A)both:adj./pron.两者都，用在否定句中和all,everyon等表部分否定。both…and…,反义用neither…nor…;all:多者都，allofthestudents=allthestudents≠allstudents,反义用noneof…;everyakj.每个，多者中的每个；each:akj./pron.每个，两个或多个中的每个；either:adj./pron.两个中的任何一个；any:adj./pron.多个中的任何一个。____apairofnewshoes.A.WeeachhasB.EachofushaveC.Weeachhave(Cbreak:①vt.打破，打碎，打断，违反，breakanagreement/appointment,breakthelaw/glass②vi./n.（天）破晓，破产（工作，课间）休息。haveabreak③breakawayfrom…脱身，摆脱，脱离，放弃；breakdown:vt./vi打破，破除，坍塌，抛锚，（支配）不胜利，（身体）垮，分解，拆散（机器）；breakin闯入，打断(on/upon…),don’tbreakinontheirconversation.Breakinto…闯入，突然……起来,break/burstintotears/laughter=burstoutcrying/laughing;breakintopiece(使)成碎片;breakoff:突然停止,解除;breakoutvi.爆发;breakthrough:突围,冲破;breakup:瓦解,驱散,分散,(学校)放假;break(up)with与……断交,戒掉。Ifhecontinuestoworklikethis,soonerorlaterhewill____.breakoffB.breakdownC.breakoutD.breakup(B)breakthroughn.突破，冲破防线；突破性的发觉，成就madeagreatbreakthroughin…在…取得突破。bring:①带来，对说话者而言；take带走；get=fetch去拿来,carry远走（指教重的东西，无方向）dcarryon(with)=goonwith=continue(with)…接着……。②bringin引进，汲取；bringabout=cause/leadto/resultin带来，导致;bringup培育，呕吐，提高；bringdownvt.击落，降低（温度，物价）=cut(down)=reduce=lower,反义bringup=raise=increase,而goup=rise=grow=increasevi.;bringon使发展，使前进；bringout拿出(=take/getout);使显出，出版(=putout/publishvt.comeoutvi.);bringforward=comeupwith=putforward=raise提出weshouldbringinhigh-techfromdevelopedcountries.broad:adj.Broaden:vt.Broadenone’shorizons/sight:enlargeone’sknowledge.build:①建立，建立，建设，修建，buildone’sbody,buildsocialism,buildastate/aparty,build用修建较大的工程；make:造较小的东西；putup:建立直立的东西。不能说putupareservoir/aroad/arailway等；setup:建立，含机构的组建，setupaschool/ahospital/acountry.②buildon/upon:依靠，希望don’tbuildonhispromise.build…on…≈base…on…把……建立于……Heoftenbuildshishopesonothers’promises.他常把希望寄予在别人的诺言上。Buildup:逐步建立起来，Hebuiltupone’sbusiness/reputation.渐渐做大生意/渐渐出名。burn:燃烧，烧伤，炼制，晒，辣burngas,烧煤气,getburnt/prepared/hort烧伤，晒伤，burnbricks烧砖，Iburnedmytonguewithpeppers.burndown=burnsth.totheground把……烧成平地。burnup:烧起来，烧掉，消耗掉；burnout:vi/vt.熄灭，燃料用完。burst:裂开，爆炸，宛若发生，thehallburstintothunderouscheers.大厅里爆发出的欢呼声。burstintotears/laughter=burstloutcrying/laughing突然大哭起来，burstwithanger勃然大怒，burstintotheroom=breakintotheroom,闯入房间。busy:a.忙（碌）的。bebusywithsth.=beoccupiedwith…忙于……;bebusydoing…=beoccupiedindoing…忙于做……。but:①若不,除非butfor+名词=but+that+句子:“要不是”,主名用虚拟语气,用过去完成时表过去;一般过去了是表现在。Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.=Iwouldn’thavefinishedtheworkbutthatyouhelpedme.=ifyouhad’thelpedme,Iwould’t…②but:并列连词，指前后两者相反，位于句首;however:副词，位于句中或句末，用逗号分开，但作连词时等于nomatterhow，引导让步状语从句；while:然而，仅次于句首，但表并列关系；though:adjv.仅次于句末，用逗号分开。IlikeEnglish,butmybrotherlikesmaths.=IlikeEnglish.However,mybrotherlikesmaths.=IlikeEnglish.Mybrotherlikesmaths,though.≈IlikeEnglish,whilemybrotherlikesmaths.Heisagoodstudent,____heisworkinghard.(B)Heisagoodstudent,____heisn’tworkinghard.(A)Heisagoodstudent.Heisworkinghard,____(D)A.butB.whileC.howeverD.though③除之外but≈except(见besides）④仅仅=only⑤but后可接不定式（but前有do,choose的动词形式省to,有help可省可不省to,否则不省to）,except后可接句子，这时不能转换cannotbutdosth.=can’tchoosebutdosth.不得不做……hehasnochoicebuttogivein.by:①在……旁,(远近关系:beside＜by＜near)②经,由,经过……的旁边,用,通过(方式,手段等,不用冠词,不用复数)comebywater/car/train③不迟于,到…为止,留意时态:到过去某一时间为止,用过去完成时或一般过去时;到将来某个时间为止用一般将来时或将来完成时。Wewillhavefinishedtheworkbytheendofnextmonth.Theyhadfinishedtheworkbytheendoflastmonth.Bythetimehewasten,hehadlearnedthreeforeignlanguages.④按，依据，以……计What’sthetimebyyourwatchThey’llbep[aidbythehour.(bytheton,bythemonth,bytime,byweight)⑤相差Hemissedthetrainbytenminutes.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolincreasedby30%.⑥onebyone.一个一个地,twobytwo两个两个地;byandby不久以后;byfar(修饰比较级’最高级,强调数量’程度)……得多,最……Heismorecarefulbyfarthantheothersinhisclassandheisalsobyfarthetalleststudentamongthem.bytheway顺便说一下;byoneself=alone=onone’sown单独地Ccall:①叫唤,叫,称呼,召集,打,探望callsbsth.callaspadeaspade.说啥是啥，直言不讳；Wecallthefatboy“meatball”callsb.(up)=ringsb.(up)=telephonesb.=givesb.acall/ring=makeaphone/calltosb.给某人打。receive/getalong-distancephonefromsb.接到某人的长途。②callonsb./atsw.探望……dropinonsb./atsw.顺便探望,visitsb./sw.=payavisittosb./sw.探望(较正式),seesb.探望某人;callback收回,回;callfor:须要(=need),提倡,邀约,callforsb.togotothecinema约某人去看电影,callforhelp呼救;callin:请(=sendfor)callinadoctor请医生;calloff:把……叫走,取消。Thefootballmatchwascalledoffonaccountoftheweather.Callon:号召，探望callonsb.todosth;号召某人做；oncall:随叫随到的，待命的，随时可支取的。Hehasalotofmoneyoncallatanytime.care:①n.当心，谨慎，关怀，takecare(of)=becareful(of)=lookout(for)=watchout(for).②管理underthecareofsb.由某人负责/管理。n③.carefor:担忧，关怀，照看，宠爱，情愿，careforone’ssafety,carefortheyoungergeneration,careforthefootballgame;careabout:讲究，关切(=beconcernedabout=carefor).careaboutone’sclothes;takecareof:照看，照料(=carefor=lookafter).保管；leave…inone’scare:把……交由某人照管。④care:v.care+句子。Idon’tcarew