高三毕业班英语阅读完形填空长难句分解学习课件

高考英语阅读、完形填空长难句教学探索

1长难句教学探索

一．问题引入内容摘要：二．问题分析三．问题对策2一．问题引入：什么是“长难句”

一副网络对联：

上联：在乎你的我只在乎我在乎的是是否在乎在乎你的我，我在乎的你是否和在乎你的我在乎我在乎的你一样在乎在乎你。

下联：想念我的你只想念你想念的是是否想念想念我的你，你想念的我是否和想念我的你想念你想念的我一样想念想念你。

32013厦门质检语文试题把下面这段文字改写成三个短句：

3月6日国家税务总局某官员基于个税起征点提高到3000元已让纳税人的人数减少三分之二的事实对全国政协会议代表们继续提高个税起征点的呼吁表示不可能。（1）___________（2）___________（3）___________4英语“长难句”定义：

1.“长句”+“难句”

2.“句长”→“难句”5二．问题分析：长难句“难”在哪1.心理因素（注意力，思维接受能力，心理承受能力等）2.英语多从句，句子长且结构复杂

Decisionthinkingisnotunlikepoker—itoftenmattersnotonlywhatyouthink,butalsowhatothersthinkyouthinkandwhatyouthinktheythinkyouthink.(NMET2000.C篇)做决策像打扑克牌，起作用的不但是你怎么想的，还包括别人对你的想法是怎么看的以及你对别人的看法是如何考虑的。6Anideasuddenlystruckme.我突然想到了一个主意。Astrangepeacecameoverherwhenshewasalone.她独处时便感到一种特殊的安宁。Notasoundreachedourears.我们什么也没听到

3.英语多被动结构74.标点

1)IconfessthatwhenfirstImadeacquaintancewithCharlesStricklandIneverforamomentdiscernedthattherewasinhimanythingoutoftheordinary.

2)…Andyourpersonalcar,ifyouhaveone,becomesjustonemoretoolinthetoolbox----andoftenaninadequateone,limitingbothyourmobilityandyourwallet.(2012湖北卷B篇)8加标点：

Womanwithouthermanisnothing

Woman,withoutherman,isnothing.

Woman!Withouther,manisnothing.①IthinkChinaisagreatcountry.

②China,Ithink,isagreatcountry.

95.干扰成分

Joneplaysfootballaswellas,ifnotbetterthan,David.6.隔裂现象（动词与宾语，名词与定语，名词与of，等）

1.Employerswillcertainlyrequire

astheiremployees

studentswithhigherqualificationsthanweresoughtafewyearsago.

2.Theacceptanceofthisconceptisthebasisofthemanysuggestionstoteacherstomakecleartochildren,bydiscussion,byvisitsandexcursions,andinotherwaysthesocialrelevanceoftheschool’sactivities.10三．问题对策：如何攻“长”克“难”（一）在思想上消除“畏难怕长”情绪。如何看待长难句？足够长就好。不怕长，只怕短。A:Stop!

B:Why?A:Money.B:

No.A:Kill!B:

Ah-----.（Onmywayhome,Imetarobber)Robber:Stop!

I:Why?Robber:Money.I:

No.Robber:Kill!I:

Ah-----.11（二）在阅读中调动多种感官提高长难句理解能力。

从眼、口、耳、脑、手等多种感官入手，促进英语长难句教学。

Ⅰ.眼⑴找谓语，把握核心。⑵找名词，了解大意。⑶提主干，去除枝叶。⑷寻关联，辨认逻辑。

⑸还真相，降低难度

⑹看标点，理清思路。⑺找搭配，变生为熟。⑻视觉差，培养层次感。

12⑴找谓语，把握核心。

例题：TennisstarChrisEvert,whoretiredfromthegameaftereighteenyears,perhaps_____morethananyonetomakewomen’sprofessionaltennisawidelyrespectedcareer.

A.whodidB.hasdoneC.anddoingD.todo13⑵找名词，了解大意。Theymaythinkthateatinglunchisthecauseofthesleepiness.Or，insummer，theymaythinkitistheheat.However，therealreasonliesinsidetheirbodies.Atthattime—abouteighthoursafteryouwakeup—yourbodytemperaturegoesdown.Thisiswhatmakesyouslowdownandfeelsleepy.(NMET2008四川卷C篇)14⑶提主干，去除枝叶。

例句：ThesmallestandappropriatereferencestopersonsandplacesandeventscontainedintheaccountsoftheExodus,forinstance,orthebiographiesofsuchBiblicalheroesasAbrahamandMosesandDavid,canlead,ifproperlyconsideredandprusued,toextremelyimportanthistoricaldiscoveries.

Thereferences

canleadto

discoveries.15主语定语从句

寻找句子主干的时候要注意，一般句子开头的第一个独立名词（前面没有介词或关联词）就是句子主语.

eg.1.Intheclassroom,

myteacheriswriting…2.Thatshewascominghereisasurprisetome.

如果看到两个名词重叠，基本可以断定第一个名词是主语，而第二个则是修饰它的定语从句的主语，如：Theboythegirl…ThepenMrSmith…Thecityyou…

谓语动词16另外，提取句子主干往往要进行跳读：跳读插入语、介词词组、非谓语动词、分隔现象、定语从句、状语从句等。

例句：Iknowevenofacasewherethehusband,becausehedidnotwanttoexacthismarkofselflessnessfromhiswifewhowassickandinbadhealth,refused,whenurgedbythewife,totakeaconcubine,butthewife,withouthisknowledgeandconsent,notonlyboughtaconcubine,butactuallyforcedhimtotaketheconcubineintothehouse.

“Case”的主要内容：

Thehusband

refused

totakeaconcubine,but

thewifenotonlybought

aconcubine,but(also)forced

himtotaketheconcubineintothehouse.17

⑷寻关联，辨认逻辑。

例句：Theymaythinkthateatinglunchisthecauseofthesleepiness.Or，insummer，theymaythinkitistheheat.However，therealreasonliesinsidetheirbodies.Atthattime—abouteighthoursafteryouwakeup—yourbodytemperaturegoesdown.Thisiswhatmakesyouslowdownandfeelsleepy.

18⑸还真相，降低难度。

难句往往有省略、插入语、前置、倒装、强调、被动、双重否定等非常规结构。我们可以利用还原法，还复杂句型以本来面目。①Nolongerwillthepublicaccepttheoldattitudeof“Buyit，throwitaway，andforgetit．”(NMET2001C篇)

→还原成：Thepublicwillnolongeraccepttheoldattitudeof“Buyit，throwitaway，andforgetit”．

②Decisionthinkingisnotunlikepoker—→简化成：

Decisionthinkingislikepoker—19⑹看标点，理清思路。标点符号(特别是逗号)在句中的主要作用是:断句衔接和引导插入语。①逗号与并列的句子成分Hestoodup，putonhiscoat(,)

andwentout.Theyreachedhomeatlast,cold,tired(,)

andhungry.Weswearthatweallobeytherules,thatwemustworkhard(,)

andthatweshouldloveourmotherland.②逗号与做状语的非谓语动词“Wecan’tgooutinthisweather,”saidBob,lookingoutofthewindow.ItbeingSunday,

therewerenostudentshavingclassesintheschool.20③逗号与定语从句Asiswellknowntoall,Chinaisalargecountrywithalonghistory.

试比较：HissonwhoworksinXiamencamebacklastweek.

（不止一个儿子）Hisson,

whoworksinXiamen,camebacklastweek.

（只有一个儿子）④逗号与同位语BeautifulZhangZiyiplaysthepartofYuJiaolong,ayoungwomanwhoisnotasgoodassheseems.Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,oneIwillalwaystreasure.21⑤逗号与一些副词，插入语，介词短语和单成分句副词：however,though,therefore,besides,moreover…介词短语:inmyopinion,forexample,inaddition,onthecontrary…插入语：Ithink,Ibelieve…单成分句：what’smore,what’sworse,that’stosay,Idaresay…⑥破折号

Imustbegettingfat----Icanhardlydomytrousersup.Turndowntheradio----thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.Mary,comehere----everyoneelse,staywhereyouare.22⑺找搭配，变生为熟。例1：Somecompanieshavemade

themanufacturingofcleanandsafeproducts，tosomedegree，theirmainsellingpointsandemphasizeitintheiradvertising.例2：Theacceptanceofthisconceptisthebasisofthemanysuggestionstoteacherstomake

cleartochildren,bydiscussion,bybisitsandexcursions,andinotherways,thesocialrelevanceoftheschool’sactivities.

23⑻视觉差，培养语句层次感。

①Jenny’snothavingbeentrainedasadancerisherregret.②After

whatseemedlikehours

hecameoutwithabittersmile.③Shespokesofastthatnoneofusunderstoodwhat

whatshesaid

meant.④Lucyistheonlyone

ofthestudents

whohashandedinthepaper.⑤Thefather

aswellashisthreechildren

goesskatingeverySunday.⑥The

long-lastingwar,filledwithbloodanddeaths,endedinpeople’ssadness,reachingnoresult.

以上例句中，①②③培养学习者对强调部分的整体感，而④⑤⑥则凸显句子主干，淡化次要成分。24（二）在阅读中调动多种感官提高长难句理解能力。

从眼、口、耳、脑、手等多种感官入手，促进英语长难句教学。

1.利用意群朗读教学法培养句子层次感2.利用添枝加叶造句法培养句子层次感。

Ⅱ.口25A．利用意群朗读教学法培养句子层次感。

⑴Thinkingthat︱youknowwhatinfactyoudon’t︱isaterriblemistake.⑵Youcan’timagine︱howfastourancestorswere︱comparedwithmodernhumans.⑶Hecriticizescommunicationtechnology︱forlyingtous︱bytellingusthat︱itwillbringpeopletogether︱whenitactuallykeepsthemapart.⑷Itwasattheendofthenineteenthcentury,︱withtheperfectingoftheelectriclightbulb,︱thetelephone,︱thephotograph,︱andthelike,︱thattheordinarymanbegantofeelthat︱sciencecouldactuallybenefithim.26

对于一些易混易错的句子，为增强感受效果，可用夸张的换气法代替停顿：⑴Whatwateris（换气）isknowntoall.

⑵Thetheoryhestuckto（换气）provedcorrect.⑶Thenumber（换气）ofpeoplewhoowncars（换气）isincreasing.

⑷Peoplecaughtdrivingwhiledrunktwiceinthesameyear（换气）willhavetheirlicensestakenawayforuptofiveyears.⑸Usuallyatthebeginningofschool,thenoiseofdesks

beingopenedandclosed,andlessonsrepeatedatthetopofthechildren’svoices（换气）couldbeheardoutinthestreet.

⑹Theonlyproblemfacingusatpresentisthat（换气）

wedon’thavemuchmoney.27B.利用添枝加叶造句法培养句子层次感。

Theoldmandied.→Theoldmandied

inthelonelyhouse.→

Theoldmandied

inthelonelyhouse

yesterday.→

Havingsufferedfromstarvation,

theoldmandied

inthelonelyhouse

yesterday.→

Havingsufferedfromstarvation,

theoldmandied

inthelonelyhouse

yesterday,

leavingnothing.

→…28（二）在阅读中调动多种感官提高长难句理解能力。

从眼、口、耳、脑、手等多种感官入手，促进英语长难句教学。

材料一：美国小学枪击案奥巴马哽咽落泪演讲材料二：奥巴马就职演说材料三：IHaveaDream材料四：世界上最遥远的距离ThefurthestdistanceintheworldⅢ.耳29材料一：美国小学枪击案奥巴马哽咽落泪演讲

…Becausewhilenothingcanfillthespaceofalostchildorlovedone,allofus

canextendahandtothoseinneed—toremind

them

thatwearethereforthem,thatweareprayingforthem,thatthelovetheyfeltforthosetheylostenduresnotjustintheirmemoriesbutalsoinours.30材料二：奥巴马就职演说

…We,thepeople,declaretodaythatthemostevidentoftruths–thatallofusarecreatedequal–isthestarthatguidesusstill;justasitguidedourforebearsthroughSenecaFalls,andSelma,andStonewall;justasitguidedallthosemenandwomen,sungandunsung,wholeftfootprintsalongthisgreatMall,tohearapreachersaythatwecannotwalkalone;tohearaKingproclaimthatourindividualfreedomisinextricablyboundtothefreedomofeverysoulonEarth….31材料三：IHaveaDream

IhaveadreamthatonedayeventhestateofMississippi,astateswelteringwiththeheatofinjustice,swelteringwiththeheatofoppression,willbetransformedintoanoasisoffreedomandjustice.Ihaveadreamthatmyfourchildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.Ihaveadreamtoday.IhaveadreamthatonedaydowninAlabamawithitsviciousracistswithitsgovernorhavinghislipsdrippingwiththewordsofinterpositionandnullification,onedayrightdowninAlabamalittleblackboysandblackgirlswillbeabletojoinhandswithlittlewhiteboysandwhitegirlsassistersandbrothers….32材料四：世界上最遥远的距离

Thefurthestdistanceintheworld

Thefurthestdistanceintheworld

世界上最遥远的距离

Isnotbetweenlifeanddeath

不是生与死

ButwhenIstandinfrontofyou

而是我就站在你面前

Yetyoudon'tknowthatIloveyou

你却不知道我爱你

33Thefurthestdistanceintheworld

世界上最遥远的距离

IsnotwhenIstandinfrontofyou

不是我就站在你面前

Yetyoucan'tseemylove

你却不知道我爱你

Butwhenundoubtedlyknowingthelovefromboth

而是明明知道彼此相爱

Yetcannotbetogether

却不能在一起

34Thefurthestdistanceintheworld

世界上最遥远的距离

Isnotbeingapartwhilebeinginlove

不是明明知道彼此相爱却不能在一起

Butwhenpainlycannotresisttheyearning

而是明明无法抵挡这股思念

Yetpretendingyouhaveneverbeeninmyheart

却还得故意装作丝毫没有把你放在心里

35Thefurthestdistanceintheworld

世界上最遥远的距离

Isnotwhenpainlycannotresisttheyearning

不是明明无法抵挡这股思念

yetpretendingyouhaveneverbeeninmyheart

却还得故意装作丝毫没有把你放在心里

butusingone'sindifferentheart

而是用自己冷漠的心对爱你的人

Todiganuncrossableriver

掘了一条无法跨越的沟渠

Fortheonewholovesyou

36（二）在阅读中调动多种感官提高长难句理解能力。

从眼、口、耳、脑、手等多种感官入手，促进英语长难句教学。

Ⅳ.脑1.线性顺序

2.层次结构

语言“解码”过程

37一篇文章的段落结构可能是①-②-③-④-⑤，也有可能是这样的：②①-------③-----⑤④句子的结构，和文章结构有相似处。2012高考北京卷阅读A篇长句：①Inadditiontolearninghowtoperformvariousmathematicaloperations,②studentsdiscover③whytheseoperationswork,④howaparticularmathematicaltopicrelatestootherbranchesofmathematics,⑤andhowtheseoperationscanbeusedpractically.

38③why…①Inadditionto---②studentsdiscover④how…⑤how…句子在头脑中形成层次结构：

39（二）在阅读中调动多种感官提高长难句理解能力。

从眼、口、耳、脑、手等多种感官入手，促进英语长难句教学。

Ⅴ.手

经常动手划出长句的谓语动词、名词等，培养寻读主干信息的习惯。充分挖掘利用阅读中遇到的长句资源。40教材中的长句资源：例1：M9，U2SailingtheOcean，UsingLanguage阅读材料（P17）第一句话IamproudtohavesailedwithCaptainBligh

onhisjourney

ofover40days

throughabout4,000miles

inanopenboat

acrossthePacificOcean

in1789.41例2：M6，U5ThePowerofNature,WB,ReadingTask:TrappedbytheFlood(P72)文中有这样的动作细节描写

SaradressedbabyJamesinwarmclothesandcollectedthethingsshewouldneedforhimoverthenextfewdays.SheputtheleadonthedogandwentinsearchofMonty,thecat.Ittookheralongtime,buteventuallyshefoundhimsafeandwarmunderthecoversonherbed.SheplacedhiminhiscatbasketandtookhimintothekitchenwhereJamesandthedog,Rosie,waited.

42Justasshewasreachingforthecarkeys,Saraheardasoundlikethenoisebathwatermakeswhenyoupullouttheplug.Shelookedatthebackdoor.Waterwasflowinginunderneath.Turningaroundshesawdirtybrownwaterfountainingoutofthedrainandfillingthesink.QuicklysheputJamesintoherbackpackandpulleditontoherback.CallingtoRosie,shepickedupthecatbasketandrantothefrontofthehouseandoutintothefrontgarden.

43

Thewaterwasalreadyuptoherknees.Rosiewasswimmingbesideher.Knowingthewaterwouldsoonbemuchdeeper,Sararantothecarandopenedthedoors.ShethrewthecatbasketontotheroofofthecarandpushedRosieupbesideit.Usingthecarseatasastepsheclimbedfirstontothefrontofthecarandthenontotheroof.James,safelyattachedtoherback,madenosoundatall.Sarastareddownatthewater