初三-定语从句-宾语从句

PAGEPAGE7第十一讲定语从句&宾语从句（一）、定义：

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：

Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.

Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?

IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?

ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用：12、3、（二）、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(2)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做)4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(2)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookisyellow?（三）、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词：when与where、why、在从句中作状语。先行词指时间when=in/at/on/duringwhichIwillneverforgetthedayswhen/onwhichwestayedinthesummerholiday.Iwillneverforgetthedaysthatwespentinthesummerholiday先行词指地点where=in/at/from/whichThefactorywhere/inwhichweworked3yearsagoismissingnow.Thefactorythat/whichwevisited3yearsagoismissingnow.先行词指原因why=forwhichThereasonwhy/forwhichyoudidn’tcometoschoolisfunny.Thereasonwhich/thatyouexplainedmeisunbelievable.【总结】：关系代词引导定语从句时，可作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。如：代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whom／whowhichthat定语whose（＝ofwhom）whose（＝ofwhich）1.ThisisthedoctorwhocamefromLondon.2.Thebookwhich／thatIamreadingiswrittenbyThomasHardy.3.Thedeskwhoselegisbrokenisveryold.4.Thisistheroomthat／whichShakespearewasbornin.二、使用关系代词时应注意以下几点：只能用that的情况：1．如果先行词是all，anything，something，nothing，everything，little，none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：Allthatarepresentburstintotears.2．如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first，last，any，only，few，much，no，some，very等词修饰，关系代词常用that，不用which。例如：ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.3．先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如：

Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.

4先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：

Hewasthesecondpersonthattoldmethesecret.

5．先行词中既有人又有物时，关系代词应该用that。例如：Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.（二）．which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思与andthis相似。例如：Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.（三）．“介词＋关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。此结构中的介词可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,to,at,of,without等，关系代词常常只可用whom或which，不可用that。例如：Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.像listento，lookat，dependon，payattentionto，takecareof等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不将介词与动词分开。例如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.典型例题()1、-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather？-Yes，he‘sourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom()2、Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.A.which；isB.whom；wasC.who；isD.who；was()3、HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic___actorsareveryfamous?AwhoBwhoseCthatDwhom()4、Annaskedthepoliceman___heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.AwithhimBwithwhomCwhoDwhom()5、Achild____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.AwhichBhisCwhoseDwith()6、Thisisthereason______hetoldme.A、thatB、whyC、onwhichD、forthat()7、Doyouknowthescientist_______gaveusatalkjustnow?A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose()8、Thisisthedictionary_______Mumgavemeformybirthday.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.whom()9、ShaolinTemple________liesinthewestofZhengzhouwelcomesthevisitorsbothathomeandabroad.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what()10、—Doyouknowthegirl_______isstandingunderthetree?

—Sheismylittlesister.

A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which【中考范例】

1.(2004年哈尔滨)

Doestheteacherknoweverybody_______plantedthetrees?

Yes,hedoes.

A.which

B.whose

C.where

D.who

2.(2004年常州市)

Theletter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.

A.who

B.where

C.what

D.that

3.(2004年扬州市)

Whereisthescientist________gaveusthetalkyesterday?

HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity.

A.whom

B.who

C.whose

D.which

4.(2004年益阳市5.(2008河北)Thisisthedictionary____Mumgivemeformybirthday.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.whom6.(2008广东)Ihaveboughtthecamera____wasadvertisedonTV.A.whatB.whyC.whichD.who7.(2008哈尔滨)Ifabagisfilledwithbooksandpens,itmustbelongtosomeone_____workshand.WhichB./C.whomD.who8.(2008福州)Doyouknowthegirl____isstandingunderthetree?Sheismylittlesister.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which9.(2008河南)ShaolinTemple____liesinthewestofZhengzhouwelcomesthevisitorsbothathomeandabroad.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what10.(2008吉林)Thisisthequestion___wearetalkingaboutnow.A.thatB.whoC.whereD.when11.(2008绍兴)Eventeacherscan’tunderstandsomeexpressions__theirstudentsuseindailylife.A.whoseB.whoC.thatD.whom12.(2008襄樊|)Ilikewriters____writeaboutstories.A.whichB.whatC.whomD.who13.(2008辽宁)Thatistheman____savedtenchildrenintheearthquake.A.whoB.whichC.whereD.what14.(2008宜昌)WhatdoyouthinkofthebookAHawTreewaswrittenbyawomanwriter?A.whenB.thatC.whoD.where三.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空

1.Thehouse_______weliveinisverybig.

2.Theboy______iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.

3.Thisisthepresent_____hegavemeformybirthday.

4.Theman_______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.

5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_______hehadvisited.

6.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenhim.

7.Shewearsagoldring,_______isveryuncommoninourclass.

8.Wevisitedafactory_______makestoysforchildren.

9.Isthistheplace_______yourfatheroncelived?10.I’llneverforgetthedays_______IjoinedtheLeague.

11.Doyouknowthelady____isstandingunderthetree?12.Theboy____gavemetheraincoatjustnowismybrother.13.Thisisthegirl____friendsoftencometoseeme.14.Iliveinthebuilding____isverynearhere.15.Sheisnotlikethegirl___sheusedtobe.16.Anystudent____finisheshistestearlyshouldcheckhispaper.17.OnMeiMei’swayhomeshesawtheperson_____herteacheralwaysspokeof.18.Helaughsbest___laughslast.19.All____youhavetodoistostudyhard.20.Ilikemyhometown____Iwasborn.四、课后练习()1.Beijingisthe29thcity_______holdstheOlympicGames.

A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what()2.Haveyoureadthebook_______Igav