Unit4BreakingBoundariesUsinglanguageGrammar课件高中英语选择性

Usinglanguage-GrammarUnit4BreakingboundariesLookatthesentencesandanswerthequestions.Sentences(a)and(c)

arefromthereadingpassage.P5411.Whatdoes“it”refertoinsentences(a)and(c)?2.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthesentencesineachgroup?Whydoestheauthorchoosetousesentences(a)and(c)insteadof(b)and(d)?Nowlookformoresentencesusingitasanemptysubjectinthereadingpassage,andsummariseitsuseinyourownwords.“It”canbeusedinthesubjectpositiontostandfor.aninfinitiveformThefirstsentencesineachgroupuse“it”asanemptysubjectatthebeginningofthesentences.Thereasonwhysentences(a)and(c)arechosenisthatthesentencesarekeptbalancedandthekeyinformationofthesentencesisemphasised.Focuson基本概念

含义类型常见句型ItasanemptysubjectIt作形式主语含义it作为形式主语，代替句子的逻辑主语，并无实际词义。这可以保持句子的结构平衡，避免主语太长，显得头重脚轻。例句中，it指代不定式tocollaborate…。Inaworldstillfacingsomanyproblems,tocollaboratetocreateaglobalcommunitywithasharedfutureofpeaceandprosperity

isabsolutelyessentialforusall.Inaworldstillfacingsomanyproblems,it

isabsolutelyessentialforusalltocollaboratetocreateaglobalcommunitywithasharedfutureofpeaceandprosperity.类型一、it代表不定式it作为形式主语可以分为三种情况：二、it代表动名词三、it代表从句it代表不定式，又可以分为四种类型：①Itisdifficult

totranslatethebook.②Itisimportant

tounderstandtherules.

③Itishelpful

tostudyChinese.翻译这本书很难。理解规则很重要。学习中文很有用。（1）It+be+形容词+不定式一、it代表不定式（2）It+be+名词+不定式①Itismyhonour

tohelpyou.②Itwasherduty

tocleantheroom.③Itisapleasure

tohavebeenworkingwithyouinthepastweek.帮助你是我的荣幸。打扫房间是她的职责。过去一周能跟你共事是一种享受。（3）It+be+介词短语+不定式①Itwasagainstmyprinciple

todothat.②Itwasbeyondmyability

tofinishthejobontime.（4）It+及物动词+宾语+不定式①It

cost150yuan

tobuythedress.②It

takesme30minutes

togettoschooleveryday.这么做是违背我原则的。按时完成这项工作超出了我的能力范围。买这条裙子花了我150元。我每天上学要花30分钟。二、it代表动名词（1）it代表动名词，以“be+形容词”作谓语。①Itis

pleasant

sittinghere.②It

isgood

hearingEnglishspoken.③Itis

terriblytiring

workinglatelikethis.听到人讲英语，我很高兴。这样干到深夜是非常累人的。坐在这儿真舒服。①Itisgreatfun

sailingaboat.②It

is

nouse

cryingforspiltmilk.③Ithasbeen

agreathonour

yourcomingtovisitus.覆水难收。你来看望我们是极大荣幸。扬帆驾舟十分有趣。（2）it代表动名词，以“be+名词”作谓语。三、it代表从句it代表从句，具体可以分为四种类型：①Itisclear

thathetoldalie.②Itis

naturalthatsheknowseverythingaboutit.③Itwas

surprising

thatshepassedthedifficultexam.她什么都知道很正常。很明显他说谎了。（1）It+be+形容词+从句真让人惊讶，她通过了这次有难度的考试。①Itisapity

thatyoucan'tcome.②Itis

aquestion

howhedidit.他是怎么做的还是个问题。你不能来太遗憾了。（2）It+be+名词+从句①It

issaid

thatheisfriendly.②It

isreported

thatthetemperaturewilldeclinesharplyinoneortwodays.（3）It+动词的被动语态

+从句据说，他很友好。据报告近日气温将明显下降。①It

maybe/seems

thatheviewstheissuefromadifferentperspective.②It

mayseem

thatyou’rewastingyourlifeaway.（4）It+be/其他系动词+从句他似乎从不同的角度看待这个问题。似乎你是在浪费生命。常见句型it作为形式主语的常见句型：（1）Itisclear/obvious/true/possible/certain/…that…（2）Itisimportant/necessary/right/strange/natural/…that…(should)do…Itisobviousthathe’slate.Itisnecessarythatyoudoenoughexercisesbeforetherace.（3）Itissaid/reported/learnt/…that…Itisreportedthataseven-year-oldgirlwonthegame.（4）Itissuggested/ordered/required/…that...(should)do...Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.（5）Itisapity

/shame/…that…Itisapitythatyoudidn’tseesuchagoodfilm.（6）Ithappens/seems/looks/appears/…that…IthappensthatIknowhim.（7）Itdoesn’tmatterwhether/if…Itdoesn’tmatterifyoumissthebus,becausethere’sanotherone15minuteslater.（8）Itlooks/seemsasif…Itlooksasifheiswrong.（9）It+be+adj.

+ofsb+todo…It+be+adj.+forsb+todo...①Itiskindof

you

tothinksomuchofus.②It'sniceofyoutohelpme.③It'sdangerousforustoswiminsuchdeeppool.④It'snecessaryforustostudyhard.形容词为描述人品质及性格特征的词。常用的形容词有clever/foolish/good/nice/polite/kind等。形容词为描述事物特征的词，常用的形容词有difficult/important/easy/hard/necessary/impossible/dangerous等。（11）It+be+awasteoftimedoing…Itis

awaste

of

time

arguing

with

her.

（12）Itis/wasnogood/usedoing…It

isno

good

wasting

time

here.

（13）Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing…It

is

worth

tryingto

use

new

technologyineducation.（10）Ittakes…(sometime)todo…Ittookusthreehours

togetthere.Rewritetheunderlinedparts

usingit

asanemptysubject.P54itisnolongerquitesodifficultforwomenandminoritiestogetrolesinAmericanfilmandtelevision.itisnowamorerealistichopeforminorityactorstobecomealeadingactorinHollywood.itismorecommonthanbeforeforwomentowriteanddirectHollywoodfilms.itisseenasacceptablebyfilmstudiostocastwhiteactorsasAsiancharacters.Checkyouranswers:

2Describethecityusingtheinformationprovidedandit

asanemptysubject.Beijingtodayismulticultural.Itisnotasurprisingthingforstudentstosee...Possibleanswer:

P553Beijingtodayismulticultural.Itisnotasurprisingthingforstudentstosee

differentskincoloursinthesameclass.Itispossibleforpeopletohearmanydifferentlanguagesanddialects.Itiseasyforpeopletofindproductsfromallovertheworld.Itisnotdifficultforforeignerstosettledownandfindajob.Itisacommonthingforpeoplefromdifferentcountriestowork

inthesamecompany.LikeBeijing,lotsofcitiesaremulticultural.Wehavemadesomeeffortstofightagainstgenderandracialdiscrimination(歧视)andourworldisbecomingmoreinclusive(范围广泛的)andopentopeopleofallages,racesandbothgenders.Describeoneofthefollowingcitiesusingitasanemptysubjectwhereappropriate.Doonlineresearchifnecessary.P554TorontoShanghaiLondonSydney直击高考1.Everyweekendthisis"Wales"premiercomedyclubwherehavingagreattimeistheorderforbothaudiencesandcomedystarsalike.______ishard_________(name)acomedystarwhohasn'tbeenonthestagehere.(2022•全国甲卷•阅读理解A)2.Itis___________(calculate)thatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.(2022•全国乙卷•阅读理解C)calculatedIttoname直击高考3._____isourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(视角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.(2021•新高考I卷•阅读理解D)4.It__________(happen)thattheplantdowntownneededeightkidsfortemporaryhelpduringourspringbreak,forwhichIhadnoplansbeyondlisteningtomyfavoriterecords.(2021•新高考I卷•完形填空)5._____isnotaproblemwhetherwecanwinthebattle;it’sjustamatteroftime.(2020•江苏卷•单项填空)happenedItIt

含义

类型it作为形式主语，代替句子的逻辑主语，并无实际词义。这可以保持句子的结构平衡，避免主语太长，显得头重脚轻。it作形式主语

It指代不定式

It指代动名词

It指代从句

常见句型（1）Itisclear/obvious/true/possible/certain/…that…（2）Itisimportant/necessary/right/strange/natural/…that… (should)do…（3）Itissaid/reported/learnt/…that…（4）Itissuggested/ordered/required/…that...(should)do...（5）Itisapity

/shame/…that…（6）Ithappens/seems/looks/appears/…that…（7）Itdoesn’tmatterwhether/if…（8）Itlooks/seemsasif…（9)Itis+adj.

+ofsb

+todo…/It+be+adj.+forsb+todo（10）Ittakes…(sometime)todo（11）It+be+awasteoftimedoing…（12）Itis/wasnogood/usedoing…(13）Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing…Ⅰ.用适当的内容或括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Itisimpossible______(get)therebyboat.2.Theyaregoodfriends.______isnowonderthattheyknoweachotherverywell.3._____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.4.Itseemed________hedidn’ttellthetruth.5.Ittooktheworkersalmostthreeyears________(build)thestation.6.Itisuncertain__________hecancometo