定语从句课件高三英语二轮复习

定语从句

Relativeclause一.什么是定语从句拆解概念：定语＋从句1.定语：作用：修饰、限定

对象：名词或代词e.g.astudentatallstudentatallandhard-working

student

修饰、限定名词所以，一般情况下，定语可以简单理解为汉语中的“……的”，即在句子中起到形容词的作用。一.什么是定语从句从句一.什么是定语从句3.得出结论：所谓定语从句，就是在一个起到形容词作用的从句。4.定语从句的分类：限定性定语从句（不用逗号与主句分开，通常紧跟在先行词之后对先行词进行解释说明）非限定性定语从句（用逗号与主句分开，通常来修饰整个句子）二.什么情况下需要用到定语从句？思考如何表达出下边句子中的定语：

那个坐在门边的学生

那个穿红色衣服的小女孩儿一般情况下，简单的形容词罗列就可以做定语，但是一旦定语中出现动词，用形容词无法表达出定语的准确含义，这时就需要用到定语从句。三.如何写出一个定语从句HarryPorterisaboy.Theboyhasmagicpower.第一步：观察句子，找出这两个简单句中的重合部分三.如何写出一个定语从句第二步：替换同类项两个简单句中有重复内容，第二句中的theboy可以用代词指代，这就引出了定语从句中最重要的一个定义——关系词

三.如何写出一个定语从句关系词是在英语中引导定语从句的词。它分为关系副词和关系代词，且都在定语从句中充当成分。三.如何写出一个定语从句第三步：合并句子HarryPorterisaboy.Theboyhasmagicpower.HarryPorterisaboy

whohasmagicpower.定语从句的基本结构：主句＋先行词＋关系词＋定语从句先行词关系代词三.如何写出一个定语从句

Let’spractice:Tianjinisabeautifulcity.Thecityhasalonghistory.

Tianjinisabeautifulcitywhichhasalonghistory.Let’spracticeHewaslateforworkthismorning,__isoftenthecase.Theman________livesnexttousisapoliceman.Thisisthebook_________Iboughtlastweek.Theman__________Isawyesterdayisapoliceman.Ilikethebook______coverisred.Suchstories____mymotheroftentellssoundsveryinteresting.which\thataswho\thatwhom\thatwhoseasAs与which引导非限定性定语从句时的区别：①位置不同：as引导的非限制性定语从句可放于主句前、主句中、主句后,而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般放于主句后或句中。as放在句首的情况常用的句式有asweallknow,asyoucansee,asismentionedabove,而which则没有这样的用法。

②搭配不同：as常与从句中的know,see,hear,expect等动词连用,也常用于asoftenhappens,asisoftenthecase（常有的事），asisexpected(不出所料),ashasbeensaidbefore(如上所述),asismentionedabove(正如上面所提到的)等句子中；而which一般不用于以上情况.

As与which引导非限定性定语从句时的区别：③含义不同：as有“正如”的含义,which没有此含义.如：

Asiswellknown,Shanghaiisabigcity．

Someoftheroadswereflooded,whichmadeourjourneymoredifficult．4.用法不同：which可用在介词＋关系代词的用法中，as则不能。ThisistheschoolinwhichIstudied3yearsago.

Let’spractice1.Thenumberofsmokers,______isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.2.Themeeting,______washeldinthepark,wasattendedby1,000people.4.______isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.5.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachof______usesitdifferently.aswhichAswhich四.关系副词

when

时间状语

Where

地点状语

Why

原因状语Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathiscarbrokedown.Istillrememberthedaywhenmybrotherjoinedthearmy.

状语When引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词，其先行词常是time,day,night,week,month,year等，并在定语从句中做时间状语，相当于介词＋which。Ineverforgetthedaywhen(onwhich)IjoinedthearmyWhere引导定语从句修饰表示地点的名词，其先行词常为place,city,country,school等表示地点的词汇，并且在定语从句中充当地点状语，相当于介词＋which。此外，field,area,situation,position,occasion,point,

activity等均可视为抽象意义上的地点。Thisisthehousewhere(inwhich)Ilivedtwoyearsago.Youreachapointwhere(atwhich)medicinecan'thelp.

why引导定语从句修饰先行词reason，相当于for＋which，在定语从句中充当原因状语，常用在thereasonwhy的结构中。

Idon'tknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hecamesolate.我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。

Thatisthereasonwhy(forwhich)Idon'twanttogo.那就是我不想去的理由。

五.如何判断使用关系代词还是关系副词：1.分清主句和从句2.确定先行词3.判断关系词在从句中充当的成分一般情况下：当定语从句中缺少主语、宾语、定语时，选择关系代词当定语从句中缺少状语（时间、地点、原因）时，选择关系副词。Let’spracticewhenwhywherewhoIstillrememberthosedays____wespenttogetherI’llneverforgetthedays____IvisitedNewYorkwithyou.

Maryissolovelyagirl____everybodylovesher.Maryissolovelyagirl___everybodyloves.Isthisthelibrary__________youvisitedyesterday?Doyouknowtheyoungman_____wemetatthegate？Iknowtheboy___motherisaprofessor.Thisisthevillage______hewasborn.Thisisthevillage_____grewwheat.

thatwhenthataswhomwhich\that

whosewherewhichPS:有同学在做题过程中会出现对先行词概念不明确的问题。比如：Isthislibrarythatyouvisitedyesterday?这句话中最大的问题就是有同学会将“thislibrary”看作先行词，从而觉得这句话没有问题。把这句话转换成陈述语气后，thislibrary是主句主语，is是主句系动词，that引导的是定语从句，但没有先行词，故应补加先行词theone。Isthislibrarytheonethatyouvisitedyesterday?思考这句话表达的对不对？Istheboywhoyoumetlastweek?选用哪个关系代词?which/whom六.关系副词转换成介词＋关系代词关系副词转换成介词＋which\whom时，若先行词为人，关系代词用whom；若先行词为物，关系代词用Which.Theschoolinwhich(where)hestudiedisveryfamous.I’llneverforgetthedayonwhich(when)wemetThewomantowhomhewasspeakingismymother.TheprofessorforwhomIhavegreatrespectisretiring.PS.定语从句中的介词＋whom可以放到句子末尾，变成whom＋介词的形式。Thewomanwhomhewasspeakingtoismymother.选用什么介词?in?of?on?for?......介词的选择Group1Isthisthecar________whichyoupaidahighprice?

Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson______whomshecouldturnforhelp.

Theman________whomyoushookhandsjustnowisourEnglishteacher.

Group1Thisisthecar{forwhichyoupaidahighprice}?

Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson{towhomshecouldturnforhelp}.

Theman{withwhomyoushookhandsjustnow}isourEnglishteacher.

小结1.根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，其动词与介词搭配，构成动词短语。介词的选择Group2Thetwothings________whichKarlMarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidioms.

Theteacher________whomthestudentsinourclassarepopularisMrWang,ourEnglishteacher.

Group2Thetwothings{aboutwhichKarlMarxwasnotsure}werethegrammarandsomeoftheidioms.

Theteacher{withwhomthestudentsinourclassare

popular}isMrWang,ourEnglishteacher.

小结2.根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。介词的选择Group3I’llneverforgettheday________whichIjoinedthearmy.

Thefactory________whichhisfatherworksisfarawayfrommyhometown.Idon’tknowthereason_______whichhewaslateforschool.

Thisisthecamera________whichheoftentakesphotos.Group3I’llneverforgettheday{onwhichIjoinedthearmy}.

The

factory{inwhichhisfatherworks}isfarawayfrommyhometown.Idon’tknowthe

reason

{forwhichhewaslateforschool}.

Thisisthecamera

{withwhichheoftentakesphotos}.小结3.根据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词，它们与介词之间有一定的联系。介词的选择Group4Thisisthepilot________whomIboughtacamera.

Thisisthepilot________whommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.Thisisthepilot________whommysonwassaved.

Group4Thisisthepilot{forwhomIboughtacamera}.

Thisisthepilot{withwhommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears}.Thisisthepilot{bywhommysonwassaved}.

小结4.根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词不是由固定的动词短语构成的，这时，要根据句子所要表达的意思，选用不同的介词。其他规则？Group1YesterdaywepaidavisittothehouseinwhichLuXunlived.YesterdaywepaidavisittothehousewhichLuXunlivedin.ThisisthepenwhichI’mlookingfor. ThisisthepenforwhichI’mlooking. 其它用法小结1.介词若与从句中的动词词组有关，可前置于关系代词前，也可置于动词后，但若此介词与动词为固定词组，则此介词一般不前置。小结2.限定性定语从句中，介词前置时，关系代词不能用that，且不能省略；若介词后置，则可以用that，也可以省略。Group2ThisistheschoolinwhichIstudied3yearsago.Thisistheschool(which/that)Istudiedin3yearsago.其它用法小结3.表示所属关系时，介词应用of，关系代词为which/whom,即n.+of+which/whom，可转换为whose+n.。Group3Helivesinaroom,whosewindowfaceswest.Helivesinaroom,thewindowofwhichfaceswest.Thechildwassavedbyaman,whosenamewasnotknown.Thechildwassavedbyaman,thenameofwhomwasnotknown.其它用法小结4.表示“整体中的一部分或……中最……”的，介词一般也用of。Group4TheGreenshavetwodaughters,bothofwhomarecollegestudents.Chinahasmanyrivers,thelongestofwhichistheYangtzeRiver.其它用法Let’spracticePracticeThestudent________whomI’mgratefulisTom.YesterdaywevisitedtheWestLake________whichHangzhouisfamous.Thenaughtyboymadeaholeinthehole__________whichhecouldseewhatishappeningoutside.Theman,__________whomIlearnedthenews,isanengineer.Theyliveinahouse,thedoorof________openstothesouth.Isthatthenewspaperfor________youoftenwritearticles?toforfromthroughwhichwhichPracticewhichwhichwhosewhom七.选择关系代词时只用that的情况①序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时TomisthecleverestboythatIhaveeverknown.ThisisthefirstplaythatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.③

everything,something,nothing,all,anything,little,much等不定代词作先行词时

Everything

thatwesawinthisfilmwastrue.②先行词被every,some,no,all,any,little,much等修饰时。I’vereadallthebooksthatyoulendme.④先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。Thisistheverybook

that

belongstohim.⑤主句已有who或which时Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday.⑥

当先行词同时指人和物时I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthingsthatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.Let’spractice1.All_____isneededisasupplyofoil.A.whichB.thatC.what2.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything____hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.that先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything只能用that引导3.It’sthemostboringfilm___Ihaveeverseen.A.whichB.thatC.whose4.Thisisthefirstcar___arrivedthismorning.A.whichB.whoC.that

先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时只能用that引导5.Iknowallpeople___arefromthatvillage.A.whoB.thatC.whose6.Thereisnowater___isneededbadly.A.which