翻译转换视角下政府工作报告英译本研究

IChapterTwoTranslationShiftTheoryTranslationshifttheoryplacesgreateremphasisontheequivalenceeffectoftranslation,greaterassuranceofaccurateoutputinthetargetandsourcelanguages,makingtranslationmoreflexibleandgreatlyfacilitatingthedevelopmentofthetranslationindustry.2.1IntroductiontoCatfordTranslationShiftTheorySincethe1960s,Westerntranslationscholarsgraduallybegantoexploretranslationtheoryandtranslationstrategies,andthefourmajorlinguisticschoolshadanimportantinfluenceontheresearchanddevelopmentoftranslationtheory,andthenscholarsbasedonthestudyoflinguisticsledtothestudyof“translationshift”intheWesterntranslationfield.In1965,Catfordfirstintroducedtheconceptof“translationshift”inhistranslationmasterpieceALinguisticTheoryofTranslation,anddiscussedthedefinitionandtypesoftranslationtransformation.ThefocusofCatfordtranslationshifttheoryistocomparethestructuralandlinguisticsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthesourceandtargetlanguages,andtosummarizeanddescribeindetailtheconsiderationsthatoccurwhentwolanguagesaretranslatedatthelexicalandsyntacticlevels.Headvocatesthatwhentranslating,itisimportantnottosticktothesuperficialorlinguisticstructuralcorrespondence,buttotranslatethedeepermeaning,toachievetheequivalentcorrespondencebetweenthetwolanguages,sothatthereadersofthetranslatedlanguageandthereadersofthesourcelanguagehavethesamereadingexperienceeveniftheformsofthetwolanguagesdonotcorrespond,theequivalenteffectofthetranslationwillnotbeaffected.Translationshifttheorymainlyincludeslevelshiftsandcategoryshifts.Amongthem,levelshiftsfocusesonthedifferencesbetweentwolanguagesintermsofvocabulary,grammarandwordform.Wordformistheexternalexpressionofaword,anditisdifficulttoconverttheChinesephrasethroughoneEnglishword,soitismorecommontoconvertvocabularyandgrammarinthelevelshifts.Thecategoryshiftsanalyzedinfourmainaspects:structuralshift,categoryshift,unitshift,andinternalsystemshiftconversionbetweentwolanguages.Structuralconversionreferstothetranslationinwhichthemeaningofthesourcelanguageisbetterexpressedandmadeclearbyadjustingthestructureofcertainsentences.Forexample,whentranslatingthedefinitearticle,somerequirethedefinitearticletobeprepositionedandsomerequirethedefinitearticletobeputbehind.Thereisalsothesubject-passiverelationshipofsentences,withtheChinesemostlyusingactivesentencesandtheEnglishmostlyusingpassivesentences,whichisabigdifferencebetweenChineseandEnglish.Acategoryshiftisachangeinthelexicalnatureoftwolanguageswhentranslatingwords,morecommonlyashiftinverbsandnouns,verbsandprepositions,nounsandadjectives,andadjectivesandadverbs,etc.UnitshiftsmainlyreferstothetranslationbetweenChineseandEnglish,wherethecontentcontainedinaChinesewordisdifficulttobeexpressedbyanEnglishword,sothereisanequivalenttranslationofawordandaphrase,oraphraseandasentence.Thisoftenbetterexpressestheessentialmeaningofthesourcelanguage.Intra-systemshiftsmeansthatwecanfindthetermfromthetargetlanguagethatwewanttoexpressinthesourcelanguage,althoughthetwowordsthemselvesdonotcorrespondinmeaning,buttheexpressioneffectisthesamewhenplacedinasentence.2.2InfluenceofCatfordTranslationShiftTheoryonModernTranslationComparedwiththeearliertheoriesontranslationconversion,CatfordtranslationshifttheoryappliestheresearchresultsoflinguisticsandguidestheChinesetranslationindustrytowardsscientificresearch.“Categorizationanddescriptionofthewordandphraseleveloftranslationarerelativelydetailed,andCatford’sanalysisismorein-depthandcomprehensive.Forabstractconcepts,insteadoftranslatingword-for-word,itcantranslatebyparaphrasing”[1]3.“Thetheoryalsoprovesthatdirecttranslationandparaphraseareonlydifferentlevelsoftranslationtransformation,whichlargelysolvesthedebatebetweendirecttranslationandparaphrase”[2]42.Atthesametime,thetheoryalsohascertainlimitations.“Catforduseslinguistictheorytoexplainthephenomenonoftranslation,andbelievesthattranslationinvolvesonlylanguageissuesandissubordinatetoappliedlinguistics,whichisaratherone-sidedview”[3]40.Inaddition,theCatfordtranslationshifttheoryisnotconcernedwithspecificcriteriafortranslation,letalonethatitdoesnottakeintoaccountdeepsemantics,makingthetheoryincompleteandincomplete.Thetheoryisonlyapplicabletotranslationtransformationatthelevelofsentencesandbelow,andcannotbeusedtoanalyzetranslationbeyondthelevelofsentences,suchasparagraphsandchapters.ChapterThreeCaseStudyinGovernmentWorkReportApplyingtranslationshifttheorytopractice,fullyunderstandthechoiceofvocabularyandtheuseofgrammarthroughcasestudies.Inthischapter,casestudieswillbecitedtoexamineexpressionsingovernmentworkreportsintermsoflevelshiftsandcategoryshifts.Andthenfurtherunderstandingtranslationshifttheory.3.1CaseStudyofLevelShiftsChineseexpressionsarecasualandnatural,incontrast,Englishismoreconcernedwiththestructureofthelanguage,soitisimportanttoanalyzedetailssuchastensewhentranslatingintoEnglish.3.1.1TenseShiftsChineseexpressionsdonothavespecialgrammaticalrequirements,soverbsinChinesesentencesdonotinvolvetensechanges.Chineseusuallyuseswordsorcharactersthatexplicitlyindicatetimetoindicatethetenseinwhichtheactionoccurs,suchas“昨天”、“自从”、“已经”、“了”indicatetheactionorstatethathappenedinthepast.Thewords“明天”、“下个月”、“将来”andsoonindicatethefutureactionorstatetohappen;“正在”indicatestheactioninprogress;andthepresenttensegenerallydoesnotaddotherwords.However,itisworthnotingthatsomeChinesesentencesaretranslatedintoEnglishwithoutanyobvioustensemarkersintheChinesesentences,butwecanunderstanditstensebyrelatingittothecontext.（1）落实常态化防控举措，保障了人民生命和身体健康，维护了正常生产生活秩序。Implementationofcontrolmeasuresbecameroutine.Weensuredthehealthandsafetyofthepeopleandmaintainednormalorderinworkandlife.（2）今年将召开中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会，是党和国家事业发展进程中十分重要的一年。ThisyearisofgreatsignificanceinthecauseofthePartyandthecountry,astheCommunistPartyofChinawillholdits20thNationalCongress.（3）中国经济一定能顶住新的下行压力，必将行稳致远。ThereisnodoubtbutthatChina’seconomywillwithstandanynewdownwardpressureandcontinuegrowingsteadilylongintothefeature.（4）2013年以来新增的涉税市场主体去年纳税达到4.76万亿元。Lastyear,revenuegeneratedfromtaxpayingmarketentitiesregisteredsince2013reached4.76trillionyuan.（5）局部疫情时有发生。 LocalCovid-19casesarestilloccurringsporadically.（6）全球疫情仍在持续，世界经济复苏动力不足，大宗商品价格高位波动，外部环境更趋于复杂严峻和不确定。TheCovid-19pandemicisstillongoing.Theworldeconomicrecoverylacksdrive,andcommoditypricesremainhighandarepronetofluctuation.Theabovesixexamplesarealltenseshiftsinlevel.Theword“了”inexample（1）indicatestheachievementofimplementingregularpreventionandcontrol,indicatingthattheactionoccurredinthepast.WhentranslatedintoEnglish,thepasttenseoftheverbshouldbeused.Theword“将”inexample（2）indicatesthattheactionhasnotyetoccurredandisplannedtobedoneinthefuture,sothegeneralfuturetenseoftheverbisusedwhentranslatingintoEnglish.Inexample（3）,wecanunderstandfromthecontextualanalysisthatthissentenceisagoodmessageforthefuture,expressingahope,sothegeneralfuturetenseoftheverbisusedinthetranslation.Inexample（4）,thewords“2013年以来”indicatethattheactiontookplaceinthepast,sotheverbistranslatedinthegeneralpasttense.Inexample（5）,thewords“时有发生”indicatethattheactionhasbeenongoing,sotheongoingtenseisusedtoexpressthecontinuityoftheaction.Inexample（6）,thephrase“仍在持续”indicatesthattheactionhasprogressedfromthepasttothepresent,sothepredicateverbinthesentenceistranslatedinthegeneralpresenttense.3.1.2SingularandPluralNumbersShiftsThesingular-pluralphenomenonisacommongrammaticalphenomenoninEnglish,wherenounscanbedividedintocountableanduncountablenouns.Countablenounshavesingularandpluralformswhenapplied.Thesingularisusedtorepresentone,andthepluralisusedtorepresenttwoormore.ThisisrarelyemphasizedinChinese,butitisimportanttopayattentiontothispointwhentranslating.Forexample,thewords“许多、不少、一些”areusedinChinese.（1）着力稳定宏观经济大盘，继续做好“六稳”、“六保”工作。Achievingstablemacroeconomicperformance,Wemustcontinuetoensurestabilityonsixfrontandmaintainsecurityinsixareas.（2）少数干部不担当、不作为、乱作为。Asmallnumberofofficialseithershirktheirresponsibilities,failtodotheirjobs,orbehaveirresponsibly.（3）一些地方财政收支矛盾加大。Thebudgetaryimbalancesofsomelocalgovernmentshavebecomemorepronounced.（4）完成国企改革三年行动任务，加快国有经济布局优化和结构调整。Wewillcompletethethree-yearactionplanforSOEreform,movefastertoadjustandimprovethelayoutandstructureofthestate-ownedsector.Theabovefourexamplesareallsingularandpluralshiftsinlevelshifts.The“六稳”inexample（1）referstostableemployment,stablefinance,stableforeigntrade,stableinvestment,stableforeigninvestment,andstableinvestment.The“六保”refertoensuringemploymentforresidents,basiclivelihood,marketplayers,foodandenergysecurity,supplychainstability,andgrassrootsoperation.Itissixareasandsixaspects.Therefore,thepluralisused.Theterm“少数”inexample（2）referstoasmallgroupofpeople,soitisexpressedintheplural.Inexample（3）,“一些”alsohasapluralmeaning.Thisisthepointtonotewhentranslatingtechnicalterms.Notallnounsmodifiedbynumbersaretranslatedinthepluralform,andspecificanalysisisrequired.3.2CaseStudyofCategoryShiftsThecategoryshiftsareincludedfourparts,suchasstructuralshifts,classshifts,unitsshiftsandintra-systemshifts.DuetothedifferentlinguisticsystemsofChineseandEnglish,translationsoftenrequiretheshiftthetwolanguages,requiringappropriateadjustmentstothelanguagestructure,takingintoaccountthegrammaticalandculturalcontext.3.2.1StructuralShiftsStructuraltransformationreferstothechangeinthestructureofasentencefromthesourcelanguagetothetargetlanguage,mainlymanifestingasachangeingrammaticalstructure.Thestructureofthesentencechangesfromthesourcelanguagetothetargetlanguage.Therefore,itmustbesomelogicaldifferencesinexpressionsordifferencesinlanguageconventions.Forexample:activeandpassivesentences,prepositionandpostpositionofthedefinitearticle.（1）提高优抚标准。Thebasicpensionforretireeswasincreased.Example（1）isastructuralconversionincategoryconversion.Thissentenceisaconversionbetweenactiveandpassivesentences.Thissentencedoesnothaveasubject,sowhentranslatingintoEnglish,accordingtothecontext,thereisnoobvioussubjectofthesentencehere,soforthesakeofbrevityandclarity,apassivesentenceisusedforexpression.（2）加快发展保障性租赁住房。Government-subsidizedrentalhousingwasincreasedatafastpace.Example（2）isastructuralshiftinthecategoryshift.WhentranslatingfromChinesetoEnglish,asentencewithoutasubjectcanbetranslatedeitherbyaddingasubjectorbytranslatingitintoapassiveform,whichiswhatisusedhere,choosingpassiveformtoavoidthelongandcomplexsentences.（3）经济增速预期目标的设定，主要考虑稳就业保民生防风险的需要。Theaboveeconomicgrowthtargetisbasedmainlyontheneedtomaintainstableemployment,meetbasiclivingneeds,andguardagainstrisks.Example（3）isapostpositionofthedefinitearticleinthestructuralshiftofthecategoryshift.Thedefinitearticleusuallymodifiesandqualifiesthenoun,herethenounis“稳就业”、“保民生”.InChinese,weareusedtosaythemodifierfirstandthenthekeypart,whileinEnglish,weareusedtosaythekeycomponentfirstandthenthemodifier,andwhenthedefinitepartistoolong,itisusuallyputafter.Therefore,whentranslatingintoEnglish,thenounissaidfirstandthenthedefinitearticle.（4）加强生态环境保护，促进可持续发展，巩固蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战成果。Westrengthenedenvironmentalprotectionandpromotedsustainabledevelopment,weconsolidatedourgainsinkeepingtheskiesblue,waterclear,andlandpollution-free.“Formodifiersandcentralwords,thelengthofthewordsofthemodifiercanbeusedinthetranslationtodeterminewhetherthedefinitearticleisprepositionalorpostpositional.”[4]74Example4showsthedefenceofwarasthecentralwordandthebluesky,bluewaterandcleanlandasthepostpositionaldefinitearticle.InChinese,whenanadjectivemodifiesanoun,thepositionoftheadjectiveisrelativelysingleandfixed,usuallyplacedbeforethenounitmodifies,andthenumberisoftenfromonetomore;inEnglish,whenanadjectivemodifiesanoun,itspositionisflexibleandvariable,andtheadjectivecanbeplacedbeforeorafterthecentralword.Inordertoreducetheburdenonthecentralwordandavoidtheeffectofasentencethatistop-heavy.Whenmoreadjectivesmodifythecentralword,theadjectiveisusuallyplacedafterthecentralword.3.2.2ClassShiftsClassshiftsreferstothetranslationofwordsinwhichthelexicalnatureofthetwolanguagesischanged.Themorecommononesaretheconversionofverbsandnouns,verbsandprepositions,nounsandadjectives,andadjectivesandadverbs,etc.（1）扎实稳妥推进农村改革发展。Wewillsteadilyandprudentlyadvanceruralreformanddevelopment.Theaboveexampleistheconversionfromadjectivetoadverbinthecategoryconversion.Theverbinthissentenceis“稳妥推进”,sotheprecedingadjectiveisusedtomodifytheverb,andtheadjectivesusedinthetranslationaresteadilyandprudently,toexpresstheorderlyprocessofadvancement.（2）推进质量强国建设，推动产业向中高端迈进。WewillcontinueeffortstobuildChinaintoamanufacturerofquality.Theaboveexampleisaconversionfromanountoanadjectiveinthecategory.Both“质量”and“强国”inthissentencearenouns,however,intheEnglishexpression,strongischosenasthecentralword,andtheword“quality”isexpressedintheformofaprepositionplusanoun.Itisusedtomodifytheword“strong”.3.2.3UnitShiftsUnitshiftsmainlyreferstothetranslationbetweenChineseandEnglish,whereaChinesewordcontainscontentthatisdifficulttoexpressthroughanEnglishword,sothereis,forexample,anequivalenttranslationofawordandaphrase,oraphraseandasentence.Thisoftenbetterexpressestheessentialmeaningofthesourcelanguage.（1）开展党史学习教育。WecarriedoutactivitiestostudythehistoryoftheCPC.Theword“开展”inexample（1）isaverbinChinese,buttherearefewwordsinEnglishthatcanexpressitsmeaningaccurately,sothetranslationusesaverbphraseinEnglish.Thismakestheexpressionmoreauthentic.（2）发挥好政策性、开发性金融作用。Wewillmakegooduseofpolicy-backedanddevelopmentfinance.Theword“发挥”inexample（2）isaChinesephrasethatmeans“tomakegooduseof”,soaphraseisusedheretoexpressit.（3）我国经济发展面临需求收缩、供给冲击、预期转弱三重压力。Inpursingeconomicdevelopment,Chinaisunderthetriplepressuresofshrinkingdemand,disruptedsupplyandweakeningexpectations.Inexample（3）,thephrase“面临…三重压力”usessubject-verbandprepositionalinterchange.Demandcontraction,supplypressure,andweakeningexpectationsareseenasadjectivestomodifythepressure.Thisincreasesthereadabilityofthesentence,makingiteasiertounderstandandclearertoexpress.（4）脱离实际、背离群众意愿现象屡有发生。Casesofbecomingdetachedfromrealityandactingagainstthepublicwillarestillfrequent.Inexample（4）,“脱离实际”and“背离群众”aretwoverypoliticalChinesewords,meaningtodothingsimpracticallyandagainstthewillofthepeople.Whentranslatingsuchfour-characterwords,wecanusethedirecttranslationmethodwhendirecttranslationispossible,andfurtherexplainthewordswhendirecttranslationisnotpossible,soastotranslatetheinnermeaningofthemandexpressthemeaningofthesourcelanguageclearly.Sohereweusetwoparallelsmallphrasesasthesubjectofthesentence.Clearlyandaccuratelyshowthemeaningofthesourcelanguage.（5）务必使基层落实惠企利民政策更有能力、更有动力。Itisimperativethatlocalgovernmentsarebothableandmotivatedtocarryoutpoliciesthatwillbenefitbusinessesandpeople.Example（5）isaconversionbetweenawordandasentence.Theword“务必”meanshowitshouldbedoneoritisverynecessarytodosomething.Itisverycommoninpoliticalessays,andhereanemphaticsentenceisusedtotranslate,showingthestrengthanddeterminationofthedecision.Italsohighlightstheimageofabigcountrythatalwayspaysattentiontopeople’slivelihoodandcaresaboutthem.3.2.4Intra-SystemShiftsIntra-systemshiftsmeansthat,forsomewordexpressions,itisdifficulttofindwordswithexactlythesamemeaningfromChineseandEnglish,butwecanfindtermsfromthetargetlanguagethatareidenticaltowhatwewanttoexpressinthesourcelanguage,andalthoughthetwowordsthemselvesdonotcorrespondinmeaning,theexpressionsplacedinthesentencehavethesameeffect.（1）加强资金调度，确保退税减税这项关键性举措落实到位，为企业雪中送炭，助企业焕发生机。Toallocatefundsmoreeffectively,wemustensurethatthecriticallyimportantpolicyoftaxrefundsandcutstakesfulleffect,inordertoprovideenterpriseswithtimelyassistanceandhelpthemgeneratefreshvitality.（2）今年我国发展面临的风险挑战明显增多，必须爬坡过坎。Thisyear,ourcountrywillencountermanymorerisksandchallenges,andwemustkeeppushingtoovercomethem.（3）防止政策执行“一刀切”、层层加码，持续为基层减负。Wewillavoidaone-size-fits-allapproach,refrainfrommakinglocalgovernmentstakeexcessivepolicysteps,andcontinueeasingtheburdensonthoseworkingontheground.（4）各项帮扶政策都要给予倾斜，支持这些行业企业挺得住、过难关、有奔头。Supportpolicieswillbeweightedmoreheavilytowardenterprisesinthesesectorstohelpthemstayafloatandgetthroughchallengingtimeswithbrightprospects.Theabovefourexamplesareallinternalsystemshiftsincategoryshifts.Asanofficialpoliticaltopicofgovernmentreports,someemergingChinesespecialvocabularywillappeareveryyear.However,duetothedifferenthistoricalbackgroundsandculturesofdifferentcountries,itisoftendifficulttofindthecorrespondingwordsinEnglish,andinthiscase,weoftenusethemethodofparaphrasing,i.e.,expressingtheinnermeaning.Forexample,“雪中送炭”inexample（1）meanstogivematerialhelpwhensomeoneisinurgentneedinChinese.Inthiscase,throughcontextualanalysis,weknowthatitistoincreasethedispatchoffunds,implementthetaxrebateandtaxreductionpolicy,andpromotethedevelopmentofenterprises.Soweuse“providewithtimelyassistance”.Inexample（2）,thephrase“爬坡过坎”referstothechallengeoffacingthedifficultiesorrisksonChina’sroad,andtorisetothechallengewithoutfearofhardship.Therefore,theword“overcome”showsthatwearefullofenergyandconfidenceonthewayforward.Wewilldefinitelybravethedifficultiesandrisksandgoforward.Inexample（3）,thephrase“一刀切、层层加码、基层减负”hasstrongpoliticalovertones.InChinese,“一刀切”referstothestrongimplementationoforderswithoutregardtotheactualsituation.“层层加码”meansthatinsteadofeffectivelyworkingforthewell-beingofthepeople,additionalthresholdsareaddedandrestrictionsareseteverywhere.ApolicyproposedbytheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinatoreducetheburdenatthegrassrootslevelisaimedatenablinggrassrootscadrestobettersolveproblemsanddopracticalworkforthepeople.Heretheword“基层”istranslatedinto“workontheground”,whichmakesthetranslationeasiertounderstandandfitsthemeaningoftheoriginaltext,andrealizestheinternalsystemconversion.Inexample（4）,thethreephrases“挺得住、过难关、有奔头”areChinesewords,whichmeanthatthegovernmentshouldprovidepolicysupporttohelpenterprisesandtheindustrytofunctionnormally,relievethepressureontheindustry,andhaveconfidenceandhopeforthefuture,refusingtoslackenoffinthedoldrums,againstacomplexandchangingbackground.Sohere,theword“稳得住”istranslatedas“stayafloat”and“过难关”istranslatedasthephrase“getthroughchallengingtimes”isfollowedbytheaccompanyingstructure,and“brightprospects”isusedtoexpressthemeaningof“有奔头”.ThisChinesephraseiscleverlylinkedbythreelittleEnglishphrases.ChapterFourThePromotionofTranslationShiftTheoryforCulturalExchangeSomeChineseliterarytermsareabstractanditisdifficulttoconveytheirintrinsicmeaningthroughoneortwoEnglishwords.UnderstandingthewayofthinkingandexpressioninEnglishandChinesefacilitatesaccurateoutputofthetargetlanguageandavoidsambiguity.4.1BreakingthroughUntranslatabilityinLiteraryTranslationWiththeprogressofeconomicandtechnologicaldevelopment,China’sinternationalstatushasincreasedsignificantly,andithasbecomemoreandmoreimportanttotelltheChinesestoriesandspreadChineseculture,anddiplomacyisakeyparttoletcountriesunderstandChina.Translationasacross-culturalcommunicationactivity,fromthetranslationofBuddhistscripturesintheEasternHanDynastytothetranslationofscienceandtechnologyintheMingandQingDynastiestothetranslationofWesternstudiesinthelateMingDynasty,hascontinuouslyspreadnewideasandnewcultures.Forexample,DreamoftheRedChamber,aclassicalnovelwithastrongtraditionalChineseculture,hasbeentranslatedintoEnglishintworelativelyperfectversionssofar.OneofthemistranslatedbyYangXianYi,andtheotheristranslatedbyHawks.Theformernotonlyattachesimportancetothesemanticequivalenceoftheoriginaltextandthetranslation,butalsoinvolvesrichculturalconnotationsinthetranslation.TheuseoftranslationshifttheorytoskillfullycoordinateandflexiblydealwiththeobscureandincomprehensibleinliteraryworkswillhelpChineseclassicliteraturetogoglobal.4.2RecognizingDifferencesinExpressionsbetweenChineseandEnglishIntheexamplesofcategoryshifts,itcanbeseenthatEnglishisaboutgrammaticalstructure,whileChineseismoreflexibleandhasnofixedexpressions.Therefore,whentranslating,somewordsinChinesecanbeusedasbothnounsandverbs,andsometimesaverbphrasecanbetranslatedintoacompletesentenceinEnglish.ThisisthedifferenceinthewayofthinkingandexpressionbetweenChineseandEnglish,whichrequiresunderstandingtheculturebehindthelanguageandaccuratelytranslatingauthenticexpressions.Theprimarypurposeoftranslationistofacilitateculturalexchange,butthequestionishowtodoiteffectively.ThisrequiresaclearunderstandingofthedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglish.Therearethreemainaspects.First,Chineseisgoodatusingshortsentences,andcommasareoftenusedtoconnectsentencestoeachother.Englishisgoodatusinglongsentences,andtherearemorecompoundsentenceinthetext.Second,Chineseisgoodatusingverbsandisadynamiclanguage,withmultipleverbsinasentence.Englishusesnounswellandisastaticlanguage.Third,Chineseisameaningfullanguage,withfewconjunctionsbetweensentences.Englishisamorphologicallanguage,withmoreconjunctionsbetweensentences.Therefore,whentranslating,weshouldfirstfindthemainbodyofthesentence,determinethecoreverbs,treatothernon-coreverbsasconstituentsorclauses,andselectcertainconjunctionswhennecessarytoensurethesmoothnessofthesentence.Conveyingtheinnermeaning,whilemakingthetranslationsimpleandclear.ChapterFiveConclusionThispaperanalyzestheEnglishtranslationofthe2022governmentworkreportfromtwoaspects:levelshiftsandcategoryshifts,basedonthetheoreticalbasisofCatfordtranslationshifttheory.Itstudiestheapplicationofthetheoryinthegovernmentworkreportandexplorestheguidingmeaningofitstheoryfortranslation,soastobetterusethetheoryinpractice.Here,theauthorhasthefollowingexperiences:First,maintainthefidelityandrigoroftheoriginaltext.Thegovernmentworkreportisanimportantlinktoshowtheimageofabigcountryandpromotethecultureofabigcountry.Scientificandaccuratetranslationoftheessentialmeaningoftheoriginalreport,especiallythedeepermeaningbehindthevocabularyofChinesecharacteristics,willcausemisunderstandingtoforeignreadersandbringnegativeimpacttoChinaifitisnottranslatedproperly.Therefore,youshouldmakeuseofthehelpofChinese-EnglishdictionariesandEnglish-Englishdictionariestotranslate,andkeepabreastofcurrentaffairsandthelatestdevelopmentsinChinatoensurethatyouunderstandtheessentialmeaningofspecialandemergingwords,sothatthetranslationismoreaccurateandstandardized,avoidingambiguitiesandmisunderstandings.Second,standardizationandunity.Payattentiontothestandardizationandunificationoflanguagewords,andunifytheChinesecharacteristicwordsthatappearrepeatedlyinthearticle,sothatthewordcannothavemultipleexpressions.Duetothedifferentculturalbackgrounds,whentranslating,itisnecessarytodeeplyunderstandtheinnermeaningofthevocabularyinordertoestablishtheimageofabigcountryandsafeguarditsinterests.Forexample,termssuchas“thefirstcentenarygoal”and“th