阅读理解-词义猜测题-2023年高考英语练习（解析版）

秘籍03阅读理解.词义猜测题

目录

高考预测考查概率预测；难度预测；考向预测

应试秘籍常考题型解题技法分析

典例剖析单题训练（文体分类）篇章模考题训练

误区点拨常见错点梳理习题训练巩固

名校模拟2023最新省市联考真题考点综合训练

高考预测

概率预测☆☆☆☆☆

难度预测☆☆☆☆

①记叙文的考查（重点句的把握）

考向预测②说明文的考查（文章结构；谁明对象）

③议论文的考查（中心论点的把握）

应试秘籍

1.利用代入法来猜测词义

将备选答案逐一代入文中，看哪个选项能使句意通顺、连贯，且与上下文内容一致，注意被猜词和正

确选项的感情色彩要契合。

示彳列：Turnoffyourcomputer.Thecomputerwilldistractyoufromyourjobathand-listening.

44.Theunderlinedword“distract“inthe6thparagraphmeans“____________2

A.使担忧B.使放松C.使分心D.使冷静

分析：从感情色彩契合方面考虑，由原文“TurnofΓyourcomputer.”可排除B、D项。把A、C项的意思

分别代入原文中，“计算机会让你在工作中分心”更通顺、连贯，故选C.

2.根据生活常识来猜测词义

示例：Later,hebecameateacherandstartedthefirstpublicsch∞linChinesehistory.Atthattimeonly

childrenfromnoblefamiliescouldgotoschool,butConfuciusbelievedeveryoneshouldgotoschoolifthey

wantedtolearn.Hehadabout3,000studentsinhislifetime.

48.Theunderlinedword“noble"inParagraph3hastheclosestmeaningto.

A.poorB.brightC.wealthyD.cute

分析：画线的单词是noble,根据常识可知，当时只有富裕家庭的孩子可以去上学，但孔子相信每一个

人都应该去上学，由此可知noble和wealthy意义最接近，故选C.

3.据转折、因果等逻辑关系来猜测词义

示例：Scientistsusedtobelievethatpeopletamedcatstocatchmiceandprotectthegrain.However,catsdon,t

liketobetoldwhattodo!

54.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordςςtamed"meaninChinese?

A.驱散B.捕捉C,驯化D.引进

分析：根据下句“However,CatSdon'tliketobetoldwhattodo!”中表示转折的However可知，前后两句意

思相反，故tamed与betoldwhattodo意思相同，故选C.

4.根据上下文语境来猜测词义

示例：Isitpossibletobebornshy?Manyscientistssayyes.Theysay15to20percentofbabiesbehaveshyly.

Thesebabiesarealittlequieterandmorewatchfulthanotherbabies.Interestingly,theseshybabiesusuallyhave

shyparents.Asaresult,scientiststhinkthatsomeshynessisgenetic.

51.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordςςgenetic,'inParagraph2probablymean?

A.Passeddownfromparents.

B.Learnedfromfriends.

C.Taughtbyteachers.

D.Madeupbybrothers.

分析：由画线单词上一句中的“。theseshybabiesusuallyhaveshyparents.,,∏T⅛ΓI，这些害羞的婴儿的父母

通常也很害羞，所以，画线的单词指“父母身上继承而来的。故选A.

5.通过句法功能来猜测词义

示例:VanuatuisanislandnationintheSouthPacific.Itisoneofthesmallestcountriesintheworld.Butfor

thosewhoareinterestedinadventureandsport,thereisalottodo.Vanuatu'sislandsoffervisitorstwoofthemost

excitinganddangerousactivitiesintheworld:volcano（火山）surfingandlanddiving.

61.InLine2,whatdoesthewordςςthose,,mean?

A.People.B.Animals.C.Activities.D.Islands.

分析：定语从句whoareinterestedinadventureandsport修饰先行词IhoSe.关系代词Who指人，其先行

词those也应指人，故选A.

6.利用构词法猜测词义

英语中有大量的单词是通过合成或加前缀、后缀形成的，因此运用构词法来判断生词的意义是一种快

速、有效解决词汇障碍的方法。前缀往往是改变词义的，如：dislike,UnhappyJnexpensive,impossible等表示

否定意义；后缀往往是改变词性的，如：POIitely,invention,teacher等。

7.利用同义词或反义词猜测词义

有时作者为了使自己的意思表达得更清楚明白，通常用一个或多个同义词、近义词、反义词或英文解

释来说明文中一个比较难的词或关键词。通过我们熟悉的单词或解释，用已知的知识就不难推断出生词的

词义。

穹［篌区支校

答题第一步：I浏览题干及选项，标注定位词。（见题干及选项标线处）

答题第二步：I带着问题通读全文，标注4类词：时间、地点、概念等名词（用红色底纹表示），极端词

和程度词（用蓝色底纹表示），态度词和语气词（用粉色底纹表示），逻辑词和关系词（用绿色底纹表示）。

anmcreasιnnumberofpeoplearealwayslookingattheirtheirheadsdown.These

peoplearecalledthe"Heads-downTribe（低头族）Areyouaheads-downtribemember?

membersnowcanbeseeneverywhere.

MoreandmoreHBBarehappeningbecausemoredriversusemobilephoneswhentheyare

driving.Inordertomakedriverspaymoreattentiontodriving,sometrafficruleshavebeenmade.For

example,peoplewhousemobilephoneswhiledrivinginarefined（罚款）。

whobreakthetrafficrulewillbefinedNT$3,000andNT$1,000respectiVeIy（分另IJ地）。

Aswecanseeabove,usingmobilephonesmaycauseaccidentsandevenCOSeaIotOfmoney.Also,moreand

moreintere⅜t^¾and卜Ildn/factshappentotheςtHeads-downTribe".Let,shavealookataninterestingTVreport.

keptusinghismobilephoneonhiswayhome.Asaresult,heknockedintoabiglostbear.When

heliftedhiseyesfromthephone,hewassoafraidthatheturnedaroundandranawayquickly.Anotherfactisthat

wecanoftenseepeopleinthe^^^^leatingfacetofacebutlookingattheirownmobilephones.It'sstrangethat

theydon'ttalktotheoneswhositoppositetothemduringthemeal.Someofthemevenhavefuncommunicating

withothersonthephone.

Mobilephonesare∣elplιι∣andtoolsformodernlife.Aremobilephonesgoodorbad?Ildependson

howpeopleusethem.Let'sbe*lhcalthy,,usersandtrytobethe

如今，一个总是低头看手机的群体出现了，人数呈现上升趋势。这些人被称作“低头族”。

你是一名低头族吗？低头族如今到处可见。

由于越来越多的驾驶员开车使用手机，交通事故的发生越来越频繁。为了使驾驶员更加专心地驾驶汽

车，各地制定了一些新的交通法规。例如，在台湾，人们在驾驶过程中使用手机会被罚款.那些违反交通

法规的汽车驾驶员和摩托车驾驶员将分别被罚款新台币3000元和IoOO元。

从上面可以看出，使用手机可能会造成交通事故，甚至会付出一大笔钱。同样地，越来越多的有趣、

新奇的事情发生在“低头族”身上。让我们来看一则有趣的电视报道。一名美国人在回家的路上不停地使用着

手机。结果他撞上了一只迷路的熊。当他把目光从手机上面移开抬起头（看到熊）时，他吓得赶紧转身，

飞速跑走了。另一个情况就是，我们常常看到人们在餐厅里面对面坐着吃饭，但每个人的目光却都落在自

己的手机上。像他们这样在吃饭时不与面对面坐着的人讲话的现象非常奇怪。其中一些人甚至充满兴趣地

与手机上其他人交流着。

手机在现代人的生活中是很有帮助且不可或缺的工具。手机究竟是好是坏？这就要取决于人们该怎么

使用它们了。让我们做“健康的”手机使用者，努力成为“抬头族

答题第三步：I根据题干或选项定位词找回原文，将选项与原文进行对比、归纳，确定答案。

答题第四步：I核对答案，反思错题。

61.Aheads-downtribemember.定位到第一段第二句

A.isgoodatusingtheInternet

B.isadangerousdriver

C.isalwayslookingathisorhermobilephone

错因分析：易错选B.第二段大篇幅描写开车时使用手机导致越来越多的车祸发生，因此误认为B项是

正确答案。其实仔细看第二段就会明白，车祸的发生与驾驶员开车时看手机有关。若把B项代入题干则成

了“低头族是危险的驾驶员“，而“低头族”概念在第一段已经给出，是“总是低头看手机的一个群体“，故B项

与原文不符。

正确解答：C细节理解题。由第一段前两句可知，“低头族”是总是看手机的一群人，故选C.

62.Theunderlinedword“motorcyclists”inthepassagemeansinChineSe.定位到第二段最后一

句

A.摩托车手

B.手机使用者

C.低头族

错因分析：易错选B.文章讲的是总是低头看手机的人，易忽视语境、盲目猜测此处表示“手机使用者”。

正确解答：A

词义猜测题。由第二段后半部分”...peoplewhousemo-bilephoneswhiledrivinginTaiwanarefined.Car

driversandmotorcyclistswhobreakthetrafficrulewillbefinedNT$3,000andNTS1,000respectively.“可知，前一

句是说在台湾开车时使用手机的驾驶员会被罚款，下一句又讲了两种违反交通法规的人将被罚，其中and

为并列连词，其前后的词应是并列的。既然CardriVerS意为“汽车驾驶员“，那么motorCyeliStS也应为“……驾

驶员结合选项可知，motorCyCliStS意为“摩托车手

63.TheAmericanwaswhenheknockedintothebear.定位到第三段中间部分

A.drivingacar

B.goingtowork

C.usinghismobile

正确解答：C细节理解题。由第三段中间两句"AmaninAmericakeptusinghismobilephoneonhisway

home.Asaresult,heknockedintoabiglostbear.”可知，当他撞到熊时，他一直目不转睛地使用手机，故选C.

64.Accordingtothepassage,theuHeads-downTribe“Whentheyeatinarestaurant.定位至IJ第三

段倒数第二、三句

A.lookattheirownmobilephones

B.don'ttalktothepeoplewhositopposite

C.bothAandB

错因分析：易错选A.忽视C项的意思，看到A项正确就草率地选出答案。

正确解答：C细节理解题。由第三段倒数第二、三句"Anotherfact..bUtlOOkingattheirOWnmobilePhones.

Ifsstrangethattheydon,ttalktotheoneswhositoppositetothemduringthemeal.”可知,A项和B项都是低头

族在餐厅时的表现，故选C.

65.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Driveyourcarcarefully

B.Usemobilephonesproperly

C.Beaheads-downtribemember

错因分析：易错选C文章开头就提到heads-downtribe了，误认为这就是文章的主题，忽视最后一段的

意思。

正确解答：B主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要描述了“低头族”现象，并举例说明了这一现象引

发的问题，最后呼吁读者做“抬头族”，做"健康的”手机使用者。由此可知，B项能概括本文主旨，适合做标

题。

答题第五步：I整理词汇和长难句，并将需要积累的内容整理在学霸笔记本上。

长难句分析：Anotherfactisthatwecanoftenseepeopleintherestauranteatingfaceto

主语谓语that引导表语从句

facebutIookinBaltheirownmobilephones.

现在分词短语作宾语补足语

另一个情况就是，我们常常看到人们在餐厅里面对面坐着吃饭，但每个人的目光却都落在自己的手机

上。

句法分析：句中that引导表语从句；Seesb.do/doingsth.意为“看见某人做/正做某事”。seesb.dosth.强

调看见动作的全过程，seesb.doingsth.强调看见动作正在进行。

学名喉槿刎

1.（2023秋•福建三明•高三统考期末）Asaclassiclovemovieofthetwentiethcentury,Titanicmakesonescenea

long-lastingcinematicshot:Jackletgoofhishandandsankintheicyseawater,leavingthechanceoflivingtohis

loverRose,whofinallysurvivedonawoodendoordebris（残骸）.

Morethan100yearssincethedisastrouseventandmorethantwodecadesaftertheearliestreleaseofthemovie

Titanic,therehavebeenmanyςςdoortheories,∖AudiencesdebateheatedlyoverwhetherornotJackandRosecould

havebothfitontothewoodendebrisandsurvived.So,wasthereroomforJack?

InaTVprogram,hostsJamieandAdamevendidanexperimentusinganexactreplica（复制品）ofthewooden

piecefromthemovie,andthetwoprovedthatiftheyhadtiedRose,slifejackettothebottomofthedoorto

strengthenitsbuoyancy（浮力）,theywouldhavemanagedtostayafloat.

However,theirconclusionwasdebunkedwhendirectorCameronsaidthatthefreezingwaterandJack,shigh

temperaturewouldhavemadethelifejacketsolutionimpossible.Healsosaidthatthedebateisbeyondthepoint

themoviewastryingtomake,whichisfocusedonthetragiclovestoryofJackandRose,notphysics.

ThelargestdebrisrecoveredfromtherealTitanicisnowdisplayedintheMaritimeMuseum.Themuseum,s

websitestatesthatareplicawasoncebuiltforthemoviebasedonthemuseum,sTitaniccollectionwhichwas

knownasthe“door"usedinthedeathscene.Unfortunately,thesizeofthedebriscoupledwiththeweightofRose

ontopcouldwork,butnotifJack,sadditionalweightwasaddedtoit.

Inaword,sciencehasproventhatJackdidn,tdiefornothinganddidindeedsacrificehimselftosavetheloveof

hislife.

1.What,sthepurposeofparagraph1?

A.Toleadintothetopic.B.Tointroduceamovie.C.Toraiseaquestion.D.Tohighlightcharacters.

2.WhatistheconclusionofJamieandAdambasedon?

A・Thedevelopmentoftheplot.B.Aphysicsexperiment.C.Thethemeofthemovie.D.Aheateddebate.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“debunked“inparagraph4mean?

A.Confirmed.B.Opposed.C.Approved.D.Concerned.

4.Wecaninferthatthemovie,sendingis.

A.UnrealisticB.confusingC.reasonableD.suψrising

【答案】ɪ.A2.B3.B4.C

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电影《泰坦尼克号》最早上映20多年后，出现「许多“门理论”，

认为杰克可以活下来，而科学已经证明电影的结局是合理的。

1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Asaclassiclovemovieofthetwentiethcentury,Titanicmakesonescenea

long-lastingcinematicshot:Jackletgoofhishandandsankintheicyseawater,leavingthechanceoflivingtohis

loverRose,whofinallysurvivedonawoodendoordebris（残骸）.（《泰坦尼克号》是一部20世纪的经典爱情电

影，其中的一个场景是一个持久的电影镜头：杰克松开手，沉入冰冷的海水中，给他的爱人罗斯留下了生

存的机会，罗斯最终在木门残骸上幸存下来。）”及下文对此场景的讨论可推断，本段的目的是引出话题。故

选Ao

2.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“InaTVprogram,hostsJamieandAdamevendidanexperimentusinganexact

replica（复制品）ofthewoodenpiecefromthemovie,andthetwoprovedthatiftheyhadtiedRose,slifejacketto

thebottomofthedoortostrengthenitsbuoyancy（浮力），theywouldhavemanagedtostayafloat.（⅛——个电视

节目，主持人杰米和亚当甚至做了一个实验用的一个木制的复制品的电影，和两个证明，如果他们把罗斯

的救生衣绑在门的底部以加强它的浮力，他们会设法保持漂浮。户可知，杰米和亚当的结论是基于他们所做

的物理实验。故选B。

3.词义猜测题。根据划线词后半句"whendirectorCamcronsaidthatthefreezingwaterandJack,shigh

temperaturewouldhavemadethelifejacketsolutionimpossible.（因为卡梅隆导演说冰冻的水和杰克的高温不

可能让救生衣解决问题。）“可知，杰米和亚当的结论被推翻了。所以debunked为“揭穿真相，暴露，推翻”

之意。OPPoSe“反对”是近义词，故选B。

4.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Unibrtunately,thesizeofthedebriscoupledwiththeweightofRoseontop

couldwork,butnotifJack,sadditionalweightwasaddedtoit.（不幸的是，碎片的大小加上罗斯在上面的重量可

能会起作用，但如果加上杰克的额外重量就不行了。）“可推断，这部电影的结局合理的。故选C。

2.（2023秋•黑龙江哈尔滨•高三哈师大附中校考期末）WhenyouthinkoftheHimalayas,youmaypicturetall,

rocky,snow-coveredpeaks.Butthat,snottrue.

TheSubnival（亚冰雪的）regionisthezonebetweenthetreelineandthesnowline.Itis5to5timesaslargeasthe

areasofglaciersandpermanentsnow,whichmeansstudyingitisvitaltounderstandingtheHimalayasasawhole.

Thetreelineistheedgeofanecosystemwheretreesareabletogrow,andbeyondthetreelineenvironmental

conditionsbecometootoughtoallowtreegrowth.Meanwhile,snowlinesaretheboundariesonmountainsthat

separateareaswithpermanentsnow（wheresnowispresentforthemajorityoftheyear）fromareaswithseasonal

ornosnow.

Researchersusedsatellitedatafrom1993to2018tomeasureplantcoverbetween4,150metersand6,000meters

abovesealevel.Thescientistsdiscoveredthatthegreatestincreaseinplantcoverwasbetweenanaltitudeof5,000

metersand5,500meters.Subnivalplantsmostlyincludesmallshrubsandgrasses.

Evenareasoncecompletelyoccupiedbyglaciersnowholdrockscoveredwithmosses,lichen,andsometimeseven

flowers.Inaddition,thesnowlineseemstoberetreating,whilethetreelineisexpanding.Thisshowsthattheregion

isbecomingwarmer,causingmoremeltingofsnowandallowingvegetationtomoveupinheight.

Inthepast40years,25%ofallHimalayanicehasbeenlostduetoglobalwarming.Himalayanglaciersare

reducingbyabout0.5meterseachyear.Therateofglaciermeltinghasdoubledinthisdecade.Themeltingof

glaciersincreaseswaterintheregion,makingitwetter.Recedingsnowalsoforcesthesnowlinetomoveup,

providingagreateramountofareaforthewarmandmoistconditions,whichareperfectforvegetationgrowth.

Asofnow,wedonotknowwhethervegetationwillaccelerateorslowdowntherateofglaciermelting.

5.Howdoesthewriterdevelopthethirdparagraph?

A.Byexplainingconcepts.B.Byprovidingsomeexamples.

C.Byanalyzingcausesandeffects.D.Bylistingspecificdata.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“retreating“meaninParagraph5?

A.Disappearing.B.Lengthening.C.Withdrawing.D.Widening.

7.WhatisthedirecteffectofglobalwarmingontheHimalayas?

A.Thesnowlinemovesup.B.Glaciersaremeltingfaster.

C.Thesubnivalareaiswetter.D.Plantsgrowmuchbetter.

8.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.TheclimateoftheHimalayasischanging.B.IcebergsintheHimalayashavedisappeared.

C.PlantsarediverseintheHimalayas.D.PlantlifespreadsintheHimalayas.

【答案】5.A6.C7.B8.D

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员们发现随着全球气候变化，喜马拉雅山区的植被都

在增加等情况。

5.推理判断题。根据第三段“Thetreelineistheedgeofanecosystemwheretreesareabletogrow,andbeyondthe

treelineenvironmentalconditionsbecometootoughtoallowtreegrowth.Meanwhile,snowlinesaretheboundaries

onmountainsthatseparateareaswithpermanentsnow（wheresnowispresentforthemajorityoftheyear）from

areaswithseasonalornoSnoW.（树木生长线是树木能够生长的生态系统的边缘,在树木生长线之外的环境条件

过于艰难，无法让树木生长。同时，雪线是山上的边界，将长期降雪的地区（全年大部分时间有降雪）与

季节性或无降雪地区分开）“可推知，本段介绍了林木线以及雪线，并分别进行了解释，因此是通过做解释展

开第三段内容的。故选A。

6.词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Inaddition,thesnowlineseemstobe”以及后文"whilethetreelineis

expanding树木生长线正在扩大）”可知，这里的while表示对比，因此说明前面的雪线正在后退。故画线词

意思是"后退A.DiSaPPearing.消失；B.Lengthening.加长;C.WithdraWing.后退；D.Widening.变宽。故选

Co

7.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Inthepast40years,25%ofailHimalayanicehasbeenlostduetoglobal

warming.Himalayanglaciersarereducingbyabout0.5meterseachyear.Therateofglaciermeltinghasdoubledin

thisdecade.（在过去的40年里，由于全球变暖，25%的喜马拉雅冰川已经消失。喜马拉雅冰川每年减少约

0.5米。冰川融化的速度在这十年里翻了一番户可知，气候变暖直接导致喜马拉雅山冰川融化加快。故选Bo

8.主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Researchersusedsatellitedatafrom1993to2018tomeasureplantcoverbetween

4,150metersand6,000metersabovesealevel.Thescientistsdiscoveredthatthegreatestincreaseinplantcover

wasbetweenanaltitudeof5,000metersand5,500meters.（研究人员利用1993年至2018年的卫星数据，测量了

海拔4150米至6（X）0米之间的植物覆盖面积。科学家们发现，海拔5（X）0米到5500米之间的植被覆盖增加

最多户结合文章主要介绍了研究人员们发现随着全球气候变化，喜马拉雅山区的植被都在增加等情况。故D

选项“植物在喜马拉雅山蔓延”最适合作本文标题。故选Do

3.（2023•天津南开•南开中学校考模拟预测）Lastyear,apopularrestaurantreleasedalivestreamofafamily

dininginit,withoutaskingtheirpermission.Afterfindingoutwhattherestaurantwasdoing,thefamilyshowed

theirobjection,buttherestaurantignoreditandinsistedthattheyhadtherighttodoit.Moreover,theytriedto

silencethefamily,sayingthattheirbehaviorwasdamagingtherestaurant'simage.Thiseventhascausedadebate

ontheviolationofprivacyandportraitrightsbywebcasts.

Itdoesn'tbothersomepeoplewhentheirimagesareunconsciouslyrecordedbycamerasandshownthroughlive

streamsondifferentonlineplatforms.Theymayevenenjoyappearingonscreensandcooperatewithsome

businesses.Inthatway,therestaurantcanhavemorepublicexposureandthusattractmorecustomers,whichis

theirpurposeofwebcasting.However,othersincludingthefamilymentionedabove,areagainstit.Thefamily

thoughtthattheirportraitrightswereviolated,consideringnoonehadaskedifitwasokaytousetheimagesof

them.Theyfoundintolerablethattheiractionscapturedbythecamerawerewebcastlivetomillionsofviewers,not

tomentionthefactthatsomeofthemwerenotsodecent.Thustheydemandedanapologyfromrestaurant.

Peoplemaybehaveinarelaxedwaywheneatingorresting,andtheydon,twantotherstoseetheminthisway.

Thus,fromalegalperspective,ifbusinesseswebcasttheircustomersforcommercialreasons,theyhaveviolated

customersportraitrights.

Webcastingsomeonewithouthisorherconsentamountstoaviolationofportraitrights,whichisgetting

increasinglycommonthesedaysascellphonewebcastingisgrowinginpopularityfortechnicalconvenience,

However,publicawarenessofprivacyprotectionisstillfallingbehind.Moreshouldbedonetomakesure

webcastingisdevelopingsustainably,withoutviolatingpeople,slegalrights.

9.Whatisthemajorissuearguedinthepassage?

A.Afamousrestaurantpublishedalivestreamofafamilydininginit.

B.Thefamilyshowedtheirobjectiontothefamousrestaurant'swebcast.

C.Therestaurantignoredtheobjectionandinsistedtheyhadtherighttodoit.

D.Therestaurantclaimedthatthefamilywasdamagingtherestaurant'simage.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inParagraph2referto?

A.Customersenjoyappearingonscreens.

B.Customerscooperatewithsomebusinesses.

C.Customersareshownthroughlivestreamsonline.

D.Customersareunconsciouslyrecordedbycameras.

11.Whichofthefollowingbehaviorsmayviolatecustomers*privacyandportraitrights?

A.Businesseswebcastcustomersliveaccordingtotheiragreement.

B.Businesseswebcastcustomersforcommercialreasonsandpaythem.

C.Businesseswebcastcustomersimproperactionswiththeirpermission.

D.Businesseswebcastcustomersbehavinginarelaxedwaywithoutinformingthem.

12.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Publicawarenessofprivacyprotectionisincreasing

B.Afamousrestaurantreleasedalivestreamofafamily

C.Howcanpeoplebehaveinarelaxedwaywhenhavingarest

D.Adebateonwhetherwebcastsviolateprivacyandportraitrights

13.Whatistheauthor,sattitudetowardwebcasts?

A.Objective.

B.Negative.

C.Positive.

D.Subjective.

【答案】9.C10.C11.D12.D13.A

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一家餐厅在未经顾客同意的情况下，把顾客吃饭的视频通过直播的

形式传播到不同的网络平台，这一事件引发了一场关于网络直播侵犯隐私和肖像权的辩论。

9.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Afterfindingoutwhattherestaurantwasdoing,thefamilyshowedtheirobjection,

buttherestaurantignoreditandinsistedthattheyhadtherighttodoit.Moreover,theytriedtosilencethefamily,

sayingthattheirbehaviorwasdamagingtherestaurant,simage.Thiseventhascausedadebateontheviolationof

privacyandportraitrightsbyWebCaStS.（在发现餐厅的所作所为后，这家人表达了他们的反对意见，但餐厅对

此置之不理，坚持认为他们有权这么做。此外，他们还试图让这家人闭嘴，说他们的行为损害了餐厅的形

象。这一事件引发了一场关于网络直播侵犯隐私权和肖像权的辩论）”可知，本文主要讲述了关于网络直播侵

犯隐私权和肖像权的辩论。选项C.Therestaurantignoredtheobjectionandinsistedtheyhadtherighttodoit.（餐

厅无视反对意见，坚持认为他们有权这么做）正是人们辩论的话题，符合文意。故选C。

10.词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句"Itdoesn,tbothersomepeoplewhentheirimagesareunconsciouslyrecorded

bycamerasandshownthroughlivestreamsondifferentonlinePIatformS.（当一些人的照片被相机无意识地记录

下来，并在不同的网络平台上直播时，这并不会让他们感到困扰）”及"Inthatway,therestaurantcanhavemore

publicexposureandthusattractmorecustomers,whichistheirpurposeofWebCaSting.（这样，餐厅可以有更多的

公众曝光率，从而吸引更多的顾客，这就是他们网播的目的）”可推知，此处that指代的就是“通过直播形式

把记录的东西上传到网络”，选项CZtCustomersareshownthroughlivestreamsOnIine.（顾客被通过网络直播出

现在网络上户与文意相符。故选C。

11.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Thus,fromalegalperspective,ifbusinesseswebcasttheircustomersfor

commercialreasons,theyhaveviolatedcustomersportraitrights.（因此，从法律的角度来看，如果企业出于商业

原因对客户进行网络直播，就侵犯了顾客的肖像权）”可知，企业未经客户许可，出于商业目的，对顾客进行

网络直播就侵犯了客户的肖像权。选项DfBusinesseswebcastcustomersbehavinginarelaxedwaywithout

informingthem.（企业在没有通知顾客的情况下，通过网络直播他们放松的行为广会侵犯顾客的隐私权和肖像

权。故选D。

12.主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Afterfindingoutwhattherestaurantwasdoing,thefamilyshowedtheirobjection,

buttherestaurantignoreditandinsistedthattheyhadtherighttodoit.Moreover,theytriedtosilencethefamily,

sayingthattheirbehaviorwasdamagingtherestaurant'simage.Thiseventhascausedadebateontheviolationof

privacyandportraitrightsbyWebCaStS.（在发现餐厅的所作所为后，这家人表达了他们的反对意见，但餐厅对

此置之不理，坚持认为他们有权这么做。此外，他们还试图让这家人闭嘴，说他们的行为损害了餐厅的形

象。这一事件引发了一场关于网络直播侵犯隐私权和肖像权的辩论）”可知，本文主要讲述了餐厅上传顾客吃

饭的视频到网络上的事件引发了人们关于网路直播侵犯隐私和肖像权的辩论。由此可知，Adebateonwhether

webcastsviolateprivacyandportraitrights（一场关于网络直播是否侵犯隐私权和肖像权的辩论）适合做本文最

佳标题。故选D。

13.推理半U断题。根据最后——段“Webcastingsomeonewithouthisorherconsentamountstoaviolationofportrait

rights,whichisgettingincreasinglycommonthesedaysascellphonewebcastingisgrowinginpopularityfor

technicalconvenience,However,publicawarenessofprivacyprotectionisstillfallingbehind.Moreshouldbe

donetomakesurewebcastingisdevelopingsustainably,withoutviolatingpeople'slegalrights.（在未经他人同意

的情况下，网络直播他人相当于侵犯肖像权，随着手机网播技术的普及，这种现象越来越普遍，然而，公

众对隐私保护的意识仍然落后。应该采取更多措施，确保网络直播的可持续发展，同时不侵犯人们的合法

权利）”可知，作者在此处是客观地评价了网络直播应该所持有的原则，未曾阐述自己对网络直播的观点和态

度。故选A。

4.（2023春•上海•高三同济大学第一附属中学校考阶段练习）MorethanascoreofAustralianraremammalshave

beenkilledbywildcats.ThesePredatOr（扑食者），whicharrivedwithEuropeansettlers,stillthreatennative

wildlife-andaretooplentifulonthemainlandtoeliminate,ashasbeenachievedonsomesmallislandswhichwere

previouslyfilledwiththem.ButAlexandraRossoftheUniversityofNewSouthWalesthinksshehascomeupwith

adifferentwaytodealwiththeproblem.AsshewritesinapaperintheJournalofAppliedEcology,sheisgiving

feline（猫科的）-awarenesslessonstowildanimalsinvolvedinherintroductionprograms,inordertotrytomake

themcat-conscious.

ManyAustralianmammals,thoughnotactuallyextinct,arerestrictedtofragmentsofcat-freehabitat.Thiswill,

however,puttheforcedmigrantsbackinthesightsofthecatsthatcausedtheprobleminthefirstplace.Training

themigrantswhiletheyareincaptivity,usingstuffedmodelsandthesortsofsoundsmadebycats,hasproved

expensiveandineffective.MsRossthereforewonderedwhetherputtingtheminlargenaturalenclosureswitha

scatteringofpredatorsmightserveasaformoftrainingcamptopreparethemforintroductionintotheirnew,

cat-riddenhomes.

Shetestedthisideaonatypeofbandicoot（袋狸）thatsuperficiallyresemblesarabbit.Sheandhercolleaguesraised

twohundredbandicootsinahugeenclosurethatalsocontainedfivewildcats.Asacontrol,sheraisedanearly

identicalpopulationinasimilarenclosurewithoutthecats.Sheleftanimalstogetonwithlifefortwoyears,which,

giventhatbandicootsbreedfourtimesayearandliveforaroundeightyears,wasaconsiderableperiodforthem.

AftersomePredatiOn（扑食）andprobablysomelearning,sheabstracted21bandicootfromeachenclosure,attached

radiotransmitterstothemandreleasedthemintoathirdenclosurethathadtenhungrycatsinit.Shethen

monitoredwhathappenednext.Theoutcomewasthatthetrainingworked.Overthesubsequent40daystenofthe

untrainedanimalswereeatenbycats,butonlyfourofthetrainedones.Oneparticularbehavioraldifferenceshe

noticedwasthatbandicootsbroughtupinapredator-freeenvironmentweremuchmorelikelytosleepalonethan

werethosebroughtuparoundcats.Andwhenarearound,sleepingaloneisdangerous.Howwellbandicootsthat

haveundergonethisextremetrainingwillsurviveinthewildremainstobeseen.ButMsRosshasatleastprov

reasonforhope.

14.Whatcanbelearnedfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Thefeline-awarenesslessonshaveprovedineffective.

B.TherearetoomanywildcatstobekilledinAustralia.

C.Differentwayshavebeentriedtohuntandkillwildlife.

D.Nativewildlifehasbeenthreatenedbygrowingpopulation

15.Theforcedmigrantsinthesecondparagraphreferto

A.Australianmammalsrestrictedtocertainareas

B.Thewildcatstrackingdownthemammals

C.Wildanimalsinvolvedintheprogram

D.Thepredatorscapturedbytheanimaltrainers

16.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthefirsttwoenclosures?

A.Theywerebothcloselymonitored.

B.T