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1997年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案
PartIStructureandVocabulary
SectionsA
Directions:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoices
markedA),B),C)andD).Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.Mark
youranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterin
thebrackets.(5points)
TheSocialSecurityRetirementProgramismadeupoftwotrustfunds,
couldgopennilessbynextyear.
A)thelargerone
B)thelargerofwhich
C)thelargestone
D)thelargestofwhich
Nowhereinnatureisaluminumfoundfree,owingtoitsalwayswithother
elements,mostcommonlywithoxygen.
A)combined
B)havingcombined
C)combine
D)beingcombined
Andrew,myfather,syoungerbrother,willnotbeatthepicnic,tothe
family'sdisappointment.
A)much
B)more
C)toomuch
D)muchmore
Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butI
fullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.
A)were
B)hadbeen
C)havebeen
D)was
HelpwillcomefromtheUN,buttheaidwillbenearwhat'sneeded.
A)everywhere
B)somewhere
C)nowhere
D)anywhere
Thechiefreasonforthepopulationgrowthisn,tsomuchariseinbirthrates
afallindeathratesasaresultofimprovementsinmedicalcare.
A)and
B)as
C)but
D)or
Heclaimstobeanexpertinastronomy,butinactualfactheisquiteignoranton
thesubject.heknowsaboutitisoutofdateandinaccurate.
A)Whatlittle
B)Somuch
C)Howmuch
D)Solittle
Althoughwefeeldissatisfiedwiththeelectionresults,wehavetobecome
reconciled____thedecisionmadebyourfellowcountrymen.
A)for
B)on
C)to
D)in
Justasthevalueofatelephonenetworkincreaseswitheachnewphone
tothesystem,sodoesthevalueofacomputersystemincreasewitheach
programthatturnsout.
A)adding
B)tohaveadded
C)toadd
D)added
ThevocabularyandgrammaticaldifferencesbetweenBritishandAmerican
Englisharesotrivialandfewashardly.
A)noticed
B)tobenoticed
C)beingnoticed
D)tonotice
SectionB
Directions:Eachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarked
A),B),C)andD).Identifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandmarkyour
answerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthe
brackets.(5points)
Example:
AnumberofA)foreignvisitorsweretakenB)totheindustrialexhibitionwhich
C)theysawD)manynewproducts.
PartC)iswrong.Thesentenceshouldread,“Anumberofforeignvisitorswere
takentotheindustrialexhibitionwheretheysawmanynewproducts."Soyou
shouldchooseC).
AlthoughProfessorGreen,slecturesusuallyranoverA)thefiftyminuteB)
period,butnoneC)ofhisstudentsevenD)objectedastheyfoundhislectures
bothinformativeandinteresting.
WhenA)Edisondied,itwasproposedthattheAmericanpeopleturnedoffB)all
powerC)intheirhomes,streets,andfactoriesforseveralminutesinhonorofD)
thisgreatman.
TheypointedoutA)thedamagewhichB)theysupposedthatC)hadbeendone
bylastnight,sD)storm.
BecauseofA)therecentaccidents,ourparentsforbidmybrotherandmefrom
swimmingB)intheriverunlessC)someoneagreestowatchD)overus.
AgreatmanyA)teachersfirmlyB)believethatEnglishisoneofthepoorest
taughtC)subjectsinhighschoolsatpresent.D)
InthiswaytheseinsectsshowanefficientuseoftheirsoundproducedA)
ability,organizingB)twosoundsdeliveredC)atahighrateasonecall.D)
IthoughtthetechnicianwastoblameA)fortheblowing
B)ofthefuse,butIseenowhowC)IwasD)mistaken.
Forhimtobereelected,A)whatisessentialisnotthathispolicyworks,B)but
thatC)thepublicbelievethatitis.D)
AsfarasA)Iamconcerned,hispoliticsareB)ratherconservativecomparedC)
withotherpoliticians.D)
rdsaywheneveryouaregoingA)aftersomethingthatisbelongingB)toyou,
anyonewhoisdeprivingC)youoftherighttohaveitiscriminal.D)
SectionsC
Directions:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoices
markedA),B),C)andD).Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.Mark
youranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterin
thebrackets.(10points)
Example:
ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfoundinthewoodsoffthehighway.
A)vanishedB)scatteredC)abandonedD)rejected
Thesentenceshouldread,“ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfoundabandonedinthe
woodsoffthehighway.Therefore,youshouldchooseC).
Whenworkersareorganizedintradeunions,employersfindithardtolaythem
A)off
B)aside
C)out
D)down
Thewealthofacountryshouldbemeasuredthehealthandhappinessof
itspeopleaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.
A)inlinewith
B)intermsof
C)inregardwith
D)bymeansof
HehasfailedmesomanytimesthatInolongerplaceanyonwhathe
promises.
A)faith
B)belief
C)credit
D)reliance
Mystudentsfoundthebookitprovidedthemwithanabundanceof
informationonthesubject.
A)enlightening
B)confusing
C)distracting
D)amusing
Nobodyyetknowshowlongandhowseriouslytheshakinessinthefinancial
systemwilldowntheeconomy.
A)put
B)settle
C)drag
D)knock
Inthisfactorythemachinesarenotregulatedbutarejointlycontrolled
byacentralcomputersystem.
A)independently
B)individually
C)irrespectively
D)irregularly
Everychemicalchangeeitherresultsfromenergybeingsuedtoproducethe
change,orcausesenergytobeinsomeform.
A)givenoff
B)putout
C)setoff
D)usedup
Ifbusinessmenaretaxedtoomuch,theywillnolongerbemotivatedtowork
hard,withtheresultthatincomesfromtaxationmightactually.
A)shrink
B)delay
C)disperse
D)sink
Americancompaniesareevolvingfrommassproductionmanufacturingto
____enterprises.
A)moveable
B)changing
C)flexible
D)varying
Ifyouknowwhatthetroubleis,whydon'tyouhelpthemtothesituation?
A)simplify
B)modify
C)verify
D)rectify
Ican"twhathashappenedtothevegetables,fortheywerefreshlypicked
thismorning.
A)figureout
B)drawout
C)lookout
D)workout
ItriedveryhardtopersuadehimtojoinourgroupbutImetwithaflat____.
A)disapproval
B)rejection
C)refusal
D)decline
Fromthismaterialwecanhundredsofwhatyoumaycalldirectproducts.
A)derive
B)discern
Odiminish
D)displace
Shehadclearlynoofdoinganywork,althoughshewasverywellpaid.
A)tendency
B)ambition
C)intention
D)willingness
Whatseemsconfusingorfragmentedatfirstmightwellbecomeathird
time.
A)cleanandmeasurable
B)notableandsystematic
C)pureandwholesome
D)clearandorganic
Thepublicopinionwasthatthetimewasnotfortheelectionofsucha
radicalcandidateasMr.Jones.
A)reasonable
B)ripe
C)ready
D)practical
Hudsonsaidhecouldnotkillalivingthingexceptfortheofhunger.
A)sensation
B)cause
C)purpose
D)motive
Forthenewcountrytosurvive,foritspeopletoenjoyprosperity,new
economicpolicieswillberequired.
A)tonameafew
B)letalone
C)nottospeak
D)let,ssay
Foreigndisinvestmentandthe____ofSouthAfricafromworldcapitalmarkets
after1985furtherweakeneditseconomy.
A)displacement
B)elimination
C)exclusion
D)exception
Whenanumberofpeopletogetherinaconversationalknot,each
individualexpresseshispositioninthegroupbywherehestands.
A)pad
B)pack
C)squeeze
D)cluster
PartIIClozeTest
Directions:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefour
choicesmarkedA),B),C),D).Choosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronthe
ANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(10
points)
ManpowerInc.,with560,000workers,istheworld,slargesttemporary
employmentagency.Everymorning,itspeople41intotheofficesandfactories
ofAmerica,seekingaday'sworkforaday'spay.Onedayatatime42industrial
giantslikeGeneralMotorsandIBMstruggletosurvive43reducingthenumber
ofemployees,Manpower,basedinMilwaukee,Wisconsin,isbooming.
44itseconomycontinuestorecover,theUSisincreasinglybecominganationof
parttimersandtemporaryworkers.This“45〃workforceisthemostimportant
46inAmericanbusinesstoday,anditis47changingtherelationshipbetween
peopleandtheirjobs.Thephenomenonprovidesawayforcompaniestoremain
globallycompetitive48avoidingmarketcyclesandthegrowingburdens49by
employmentrules,healthcarecostsandpensionplans.Forworkersitcanmean
anendtothesecurity,benefitsandsenseof50thatcamefrombeingaloyal
employee.
41.A)swarmB)strideC)separateD)slip
42.A)ForB)BecauseC)AsD)Since
43.A)fromB)inC)onD)by
44.A)EventhoughB)NowthatC)IfonlyD)Providedthat
45.A)durableB)disposableC)availableD)transferable
46.A)approachB)flowC)fashionD)trend
47.A)instantlyB)reverselyC)fundamentallyD)sufficiently
48.A)butB)whileC)andD)whereas
49.A)imposedB)restrictedC)i1lustratedD)confined
50.A)excitementB)convictionC)enthusiasmD)importance
PartIIIReadingComprehension
Directions:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreach
questiontherearefouranswersmarkedA),B),C)andD).Readthepassages
carefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.Thenmarkyour
answerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthe
brackets.(40points)
Passage1
Itwas3:45inthemorningwhenthevotewasfinallytaken.Aftersixmonthsof
arguingandfinal16hoursofhotparliamentarydebates,Australia,sNorthern
Territorybecamethefirstlegalauthorityintheworldtoallowdoctorstotake
thelivesofincurablyillpatientswhowishtodie.Themeasurepassedbythe
convincingvoteof15to10.AlmostimmediatelywordflashedontheInternet
andwaspickedup,halfaworldaway,byJohnHofsess,executivedirectorofthe
RighttoDieSocietyofCanada.Hesentitonviathegroup'sonlineservice,
DeathNET.SaysHofsess:"Wepostedbulletinsalldaylong,becauseofcourse
thisisntjustsomethingthathappenedinAustralia.It'sworldhistory.”
Theful1importmaytakeawhiletosinkin.TheNTRightsoftheTerminallyIII
lawhasleftphysiciansandcitizensaliketryingtodealwithitsmoraland
practicalimplications.Somehavebreathedsighsofrelief,others,including
churches,righttolifegroupsandtheAustralianMedicalAssociation,bitterly
attackedthebillandthehasteofitspassage.Butthetideisunlikelytoturn
back.
InAustralia一whereanagingpopulation,lifeextendingtechnologyand
changingcommunityattitudeshaveallplayedtheirpart—otherstatesare
goingtoconsidermakingasimilarlawtodealwitheuthanasia.IntheUSand
Canada,wheretherighttodiemovementisgatheringstrength,observersare
waitingforthedominoestostartfalling.
UnderthenewNorthernTerritorylaw,anadultpatientcanrequestdeath-
probablybyadeadlyinjectionorpill-toputanendtosuffering.Thepatient
mustbediagnosedasterminallyillbytwodoctors.Afteraucoolingoff”period
of
sevendays,thepatientcansignacertificateofrequest.After48hoursthewish
fordeathcanbemet.ForLloydNickson,a54yearoldDarwinresidentsuffering
fromlungcancer,theNTRightsofTerminallyIIIlawmeanshecangetonwith
livingwithoutthehauntingfearofhissuffering:aterrifyingdeathfromhis
breathingcondition."I'mnotafraidofdyingfromaspiritualpointofview,but
whatIwasafraidofwashowI'dgo,becauseI'vewatchedpeopledieinthe
hospitalfightingforoxygenandclawingattheirmasks,“hesays.
Fromthesecondparagraphwelearnthat.
A)theobjectiontoeuthanasiaisslowtocomeinothercountries
B)physiciansandcitizenssharethesameviewoneuthanasia
C)changingtechnologyischieflyresponsibleforthehastypassageofthelaw
D)ittakestimetorealizethesignificanceofthelaw'spassage
Whentheauthorsaysthatobserversarewaitingforthedominoestostart
falling,hemeans.
A)observersaretakingawaitandseeattitudetowardsthefutureofeuthanasia
B)similarbillsarelikelytobepassedintheUS,Canadaandothercountries
C)observersarewaitingtoseetheresultofthegameofdominoes
D)theeffecttakingprocessofthepassedbillmayfinallycometoastop
WhenLloydNicksondies,hewill_____.
A)facehisdeathwithcalmcharacteristicofeuthanasia
B)experiencethesufferingofalungcancerpatient
C)haveanintensefearofterriblesuffering
D)undergoacoolingoffperiodofsevendays
Theauthor,sattitudetowardseuthanasiaseemstobethatof.
A)opposition
B)suspicion
C)approval
D)indifference
Passage2
AreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitorstotheUSishowfriendly,
courteous,andhelpfulmostAmericansweretothem.Tobefair,this
observationisalsofrequentlymadeofCanadaandCanadians,andshouldbest
beconsideredNorthAmerican.Thereare,ofcourse,exceptions.Smallminded
officials,rudewaiters,andillmanneredtaxidriversarehardlyunknowninthe
USYetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservescomment.
Foralongperiodoftimeandinmanypartsofthecountry,atravelerwasa
welcomebreakinanotherwisedullexistence.Dullnessandlonelinesswere
commonproblemsofthefamilieswhogenerallyliveddistantfromoneanother.
Strangersandtravelerswerewelcomesourcesofdiversion,andbroughtnews
oftheoutsideworld.
Theharshrealitiesofthefrontieralsoshapedthistraditionofhospitality.
Someonetravelingalone,ifhungry,injured,orill,oftenhadnowheretoturn
excepttothenearestcabinorsettlement.Itwasnotamatterofchoiceforthe
travelerormerelyacharitableimpulseonthepartofthesettlers.Itreflected
theharshnessofdailylife:ifyoudidn,ttakeinthestrangerandtakecareof
him,
therewasnooneelsewhowould.Andsomeday,remember,youmightbeinthe
samesituation.
Todaytherearemanycharitableorganizationswhichspecializeinhelpingthe
wearytraveler.Yet,theoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillvery
strongintheUS,especiallyinthesmallercitiesandtownsawayfromthebusy
touristtrails."Iwasjusttravelingthrough,gottalkingwiththisAmerican,and
prettysoonheinvitedmehomefordinner-amazing."Suchobservations
reportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommon,butarenotalways
understoodproperly.ThecasualfriendlinessofmanyAmericansshouldbe
interpretedneitherassuperficialnorasartificial,butastheresultofa
historicallydevelopedculturaltradition.
Asistrueofanydevelopedsociety,inAmericaacomplexsetofculturalsignals,
assumptions,andconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.And,of
course,speakingalanguagedoesnotnecessarilymeantthatsomeone
understandssocialandculturalpatterns.Visitorswhofailto“translate“cultural
meaningsproperlyoftendrawwrongconclusions.Forexample,whenan
Americanusestheword“friend”,theculturalimplicationsofthewordmaybe
quitedifferentfromthoseithasinthevisitor'slanguageandculture.Ittakes
morethanabriefencounteronabustodistinguishbetweencourteous
conventionandindividualinterest.Yet,beingfriendlyisavirtuethatmany
Americanvaluehighlyandexpectfrombothneighborsandstrangers.
Intheeyesofvisitorsfromtheoutsideworld,.
A)rudetaxidriversarerarelyseenintheUS
B)smallmindedofficialsdeserveaseriouscomment
C)Canadiansarenotsofriendlyastheirneighbors
D)mostAmericansarereadytoofferhelp
Itcouldbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat.
A)cultureexercisesaninfluenceoversocialinterrelationship
B)courteousconventionandindividualinterestareinterrelated
C)variousvirtuesmanifestthemselvesexclusivelyamongfriends
D)socialinterrelationshipsequalthecomplexsetofculturalconventions
Familiesinfrontiersettlementsusedtoentertainstrangers____.
A)toimprovetheirhardlife
B)inviewoftheirlongdistancetravel
C)toaddsomeflavortotheirowndailylife
D)outofacharitableimpulse
Thetraditionofhospitalitytostrangers____.
A)tendstobesuperficialandartificial
B)isgenerallywellkeptupintheUnitedStates
C)isalwaysunderstoodproperly
D)wassomethingtodowiththebusytouristtrails
Passage3
Technically,anysubstanceotherthanfoodthataltersourbodilyormental
functioningisadrug.Manypeoplemistakenlybelievethetermdrugrefersonly
tosomesortofmedicineoranillegalchemicaltakenbydrugaddicts.Theydon,t
realizethatfamiliarsubstancessuchasalcoholandtobaccoarealsodrugs.This
iswhythemoreneutraltermsubstanceisnowusedbymanyphysiciansand
psychologists.Thephraseusubstanceabuse“isoftenusedinsteadof”drug
abuse“tomakeclearthatsubstancessuchasalcoholandtobaccocanbejustas
harmfullymisusedasheroinandcocaine.
Weliveasocietyinwhichthemedicinalandsocialuseofsubstances(drugs)is
pervasive:anaspirintoquietaheadache,somewinetobesociable,coffeeto
getgoinginthemorning,acigaretteforthenerves.Whendothesesocially
acceptableandapparentlyconstructiveusesofasubstancebecomemisuses?
Firstofall,mostsubstancestakeninexcesswillproducenegativeeffectssuch
aspoisoningorintenseperceptualdistortions.Repeateduseofasubstancecan
alsoleadtophysicaladdictionorsubstancedependence.Dependenceismarked
firstbyanincreasedtolerance,withmoreandmoreofthesubstancerequiredto
producethedesiredeffect,andthenbytheappearanceofunpleasant
withdrawalsymptomswhenthesubstanceisdiscontinued.
Drugs(substances)thataffectthecentralnervoussystemandalterperception,
mood,andbehaviorareknownaspsychoactivesubstances.Psychoactive
substancesarecommonlygroupedaccordingtowhethertheyarestimulants,
depressants,orhallucinogens.Stimulantsinitiallyspeeduporactivatethe
centralnervoussystem,whereasdepressantsslowitdown.Hallucinogenshave
theirprimaryeffectonperception,distortingandalteringitinavarietyofways
includingproducinghallucinations.Thesearethesubstancesoftencalled
psychedelic(fromtheGreekwordmeaning“mindmanifesting”)because
they
seemedtoradicallyalterone'sstateofconsciousness.
aSubstanceabuse”(Line5,Paragraph1)ispreferableto“drugabuse”inthat
A)substancescanalterourbodilyormentalfunctioningifillegallyused
B)“drugabuse“isonlyrelatedtoalimitednumberofdrugtakers
C)alcoholandtobaccoareasfatalasheroinandcocaine
D)manysubstancesotherthanheroinorcocainecanalsobepoisonous
Theword“pervasive”(Line1,Paragraph2)mightmean.
A)widespread
B)overwhelming
Opiercing
D)fashionable
Physicaldependenceoncertainsubstancesresultsfrom____.
A)uncontrolledconsumptionofthemoverlongperiodsoftime
B)exclusiveuseofthemforsocialpurposes
C)quantitativeapplicationofthemtothetreatmentofdiseases
D)carelessemploymentofthemforunpleasantsymptoms
Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat____.
A)stimulantsfunctionpositivelyonthemind
B)hallucinogensareinthemselvesharmfultohealth
C)depressantsaretheworsttypeofpsychoactivesubstances
D)thethreetypesofpsychoactivesubstancesarecommonlyusedingroups
Passage4
Nocompanylikestobetolditiscontributingtothemoraldeclineofanation.
“Is
thiswhatyouintendedtoaccomplishwithyourcareers?SenatorRobertDole
askedTimeWarnerexecutiveslastweek."Youhavesoldyoursouls,butmust
youcorruptournationandthreatenourchildrenaswell?”AtTimeWarner,
however,suchquestionsaresimplythelatestmanifestationofthesoul
searchingthathasinvolvedthecompanyeversincethecompanywasbornin
1990.It'saselfexaminationthathas,atvarioustimes,involvedissuesof
responsibility,creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.
AtthecoreofthisdebateischairmanGeraldLevin,56,whotookoverforthe
lateSteveRossin1992.Onthefinancialfront,Levinisunderpressuretoraise
thestockpriceandreducethecompany'smountainousdebt,whichwillincrease
to17.3billionaftertwonewcabledealsclose.Hehaspromisedtoselloff
someofthepropertyandrestructurethecompany,butinvestorsarewaiting
impatiently.
Theflapoverrapisnotmakinglifeanyeasierforhim.Levinhasconsistently
defendedthecompany'srapmusiconthegroundsofexpression.In1992,when
TimeWarnerwasunderfireforreleasingIceT'sviolentrapsongCopKiller,
Levindescribedrapasalawfulexpressionofstreetculture,whichdeservesan
outlet."Thetestofanydemocraticsociety,“hewroteinaWallStreelJournal
column,“liesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhetheritgives
freedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossiblelatitude,however
disputableorirritatingtheresultsmaysometimesbe.Wewon,tretreatinthe
faceofanythreats.”
Levinwouldnotcommentonthedebatelastweek,butthereweresignsthatthe
chairmanwasbackingoffhishardlinestand,atleasttosomeextent.Duringthe
discussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth,sstockholders,meeting,Levin
assertedthat“musicisnotthecauseofsociety'sills”andevencitedhisson,
a
teacherintheBronx,NewYork,whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.
Buthetalkedaswellaboutthe“balancedstruggle“betweencreativefreedom
andsocialresponsibility,andheannouncedthatthecompanywouldlauncha
drivetodevelopstandardsfordistributionandlabelingofpotentially
objectionablemusic.
The15memberTimeWarnerboardisgenerallysupportiveofLevinandhis
corporatestrategy.Butinsiderssayseveralofthemhaveshowntheirconcerns
inthismatter."Someofushaveknownformany,manyyearsthatthefreedoms
undertheFirstAmendmentarenottotallyunlimited,vsaysLuce."Ithinkitis
perhapsthecasethatsomepeopleassociatedwiththecompanyhaveonly
recentlycometorealizethis.”
SenatorRobertDolecriticizedTimeWarnerfor____.
A)itsraisingofthecorporatestockprice
B)itsselfexaminationofsoul
C)itsneglectofsocialresponsibility
D)itsemphasisoncreativefreedom
Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?
A)LuceisaspokesmanofTimeWarner.
B)GeraldLevinisliabletocompromise.
C)TimeWarnerisunitedasoneinthefaceofthedebate.
D)SteverRossisnolongeralive
Infaceoftherecentattacksonthecompany,thechairman____.
A)stucktoastrongstandtodefendfreedomofexpression
B)softenedhistoneandadoptedsomenewpolicy
C)changedhisattitudeandyieldedtoobjection
D)receivedmoresupportfromthe15memberboard
Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe.
A)ACompanyunderFire
B)ADebateonMoralDecline
C)ALawfulOutletofStreetCulture
D)AFormofCreativeFreedom
Passage5
Muchofthelanguageusedtodescribemonetarypolicy,suchas“steeringthe
economytoasoftlanding,,or“atouchonthebrakes”,makesitsoundlikea
precisescience.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Thelinkbetween
interestratesandinflationisuncertain.Andtherearelong,variablelagsbefore
policychangeshaveanyeffectontheeconomy.Hencetheanalogythatlikens
theconductofmonetarypolicytodrivingacarwithablackenedwindscreen,a
crackedrearviewmirrorandafaultysteeringwheel.
Givenallthesedisadvantages,centralbankersseemtohavehadmuchtoboast
aboutoflate.Averageinflationinthebigsevenindustrialeconomiesfelltoa
mere2.3%lastyear,closetoitslowestlevelin30years,beforerisingslightly
to2.5%thisJuly.Thisisalongwaybelowthedoubledigitrateswhichmany
countriesexperiencedinthe1970sandearly1980s.
Itisalsolessthanmostforecastershadpredicated.Inlate1994thepanelof
economistswhichTheEconomistpollseachmonthsaidthatAmerica'sinflation
ratewouldaverage3.5%in1995.Infact,itfellto2.6%inAugust,and
expectedtoaverageonlyabout3%fortheyearasawhole.InBritainandJapan
inflationisrunninghalfapercentagepointbelowtheratepredictedattheend
oflastyear.Thisisnoflashinthepan;overthepastcoupleofyears,inflation
hasbeenconsistentlylowerthanexpectedinBritainandAmerica.
Economistshavebeenparticularlysurprisedbyfavorableinflationfiguresin
BritainandtheUnitedStates,sinceconventionalmeasuressuggestthatboth
economies,andespeciallyAmerica's,havelittleproductiveslack.America,s
capacityutilization,forexample,hishistoricallyhighlevelsearlierthisyear,
and
itsjoblessrate(5.6%inAugust)hasfallenbellowmostestimatesofthenatural
rateofunemployment—theratebelowwhichinflationhastakenoffinthepast.
Whyhasinflationprovedsomild?Themostthrillingexplanationis,
unfortunately,alittledefective.Someeconomistsarguethatpowerful
structuralchangesintheworldhaveupendedtheoldeconomicmodelsthat
werebaseduponthehistoricallinkbetweengrowthandinflation.
Fromthepassagewelearnthat.
A)thereisadefiniterelationshipbetweeninflationandinterestrates
B)economywillalwaysfollowcertainmodels
C)theeconomicsituationisbetterthanexpected
D)economistshadforeseenthepresenteconomicsituation
Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?
A)Makingmonetarypoliciesiscomparabletodrivingacar
B)Anextremelylowjoblessratewillleadtoinflation
C)Ahighunemploymentratewil1resultfrominflation
D)Interestrateshaveanimmediateeffectontheeconomy
Thesentence“Thisisnoflashinthepan”(Line5,Paragraph3)meansthat
A)thelowinflationratewilllastforsometime
B)theinflationratewillsoonrise
C)theinflationwilldisa
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