基本句型讲义-高一英语复习知识要点积累

句子五种基本句型主+谓Allofuslaughed.主+谓+宾Julielikesus.主+谓+间宾+直宾Julieboughtussugar.主+谓+宾+宾补WhatJuliedidmadeushappy.主+系+表Julielooksfriendly.Therebe存现句：Therearemanybooksonthedesk.小试牛刀：读下列句子并分析句子成分Thebreadtastesdelicious.Iwillspendthesummerholidayinthecountryside.Heboughtmeabirthdaypresent.Icouldn’tmakehimchangehismind.Wefinishedourhomework.Hegotupverylate.Thebabycried.Thereissomemilkinthebottle.单句写作：我喜欢爬山.我听到他正在唱歌。那个女孩开心地笑了。你的建议听起来很棒。昨天我买了一本书太阳从东方升起。商店里有很多顾客。（therebe句型）句子成分句子成分：主，谓，宾，定，状，补，表，同位语主语：什么人；什么事Theteacher/Sheiskindandfriendly.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Threeisenough.Whatheneedsisjustabook.谓语：做什么；怎么样注意：谓语有人称时态和语态的变化（如何确定时态？）高考中常考时态时态主动形式被动形式一般过去时was/were/didwas/weredone一般现在时一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时过去完成时其他谓语形式：情态动词Will/can/could.....+do/bedone找出下列句子的谓语部分用铅笔在其下划线并思考谓语时态语态如何确定？Sheusuallygetsupearly.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.TheTrainarrivesat10:30,sowehaveplentyoftimetohaveadrink.Ifwehavesomeextratime,wewillgohiking.ImetJulialastyear.Igotupearly,washedmyface,hadaquickbreakfastandwenttoschool.Itisraininghardoutside.Iwaswritingaletterwhenyouphoned.Joywasalwaysplainingaboutherbusylife.Wewillknowtheresultthedayaftertomorrow.Ihavealreadyfinishedallthework.Wehavebeengoodfriendssincewewereveryyoung.Ihavelivedinthiscityfor17years.WehavebeenlearningEnglishfor7years.Thisisthefirsttimethathehaslefthishometown.16.Thiswasthefirsttimethathehadlefthishometown.17.JanehadleftbeforeIarrived.三.宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么1.Iwritedownnewwordsinmynotebookandreviewthemoften.2.Hecan’texpresshimselfinexcitement.3.Ifinishedcleaningtheroom3hoursago.4.Hedecidedtocleantheroom.5.Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.6.Hegavemetwobooks.四．定语:修饰名词或代词1.Thebeautifulgirlismyfriend.2.Thebookshopisinthecenterofourcity.3.Thebookshopinthecenterofourcityisverybig.4.Thosewomenteachersareverykindandfriendly.5.TheboystandinginthefrontofourclassroomisJohn.6.TheboywhoisstandinginthefrontofourclassroomisJohn.7.TheboypraisedbyourteacherisJohn.8.TheboywhoispraisedbyourteacherisJohn.9.Themeetingheldyesterdayisveryimportant.10.Themeetingbeingheldnowisveryimportant.11.Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.五．状语：A.adv作状语:修饰动词，形容词，副词或全句，B.介词短语，从句或非谓语（doing/done/todo）做状语：说明时间，地点，方式，原因，结果，条件，让步，程度，频率，伴随，目的等1.Sheisverykind.2.Sherunsquickly.3.Thefinalscoreofthebasketballmatchwas9394.Wewerenarrowlybeaten.4.Sheisalwayshelpingothers.5.Fortunately,theysurvivedtheflooddisaster.6.Hewalked,singingoncampuslastnight.7.1).Whenyouseefromthetopofthemountain,youwillfindthecityisverybeautiful.2).Seeingfromthetopofthemountain,youwillfindthecityisverybeautiful.**对比：Seefromthetopofthemountain,andyouwillfindthecityisverybeautiful.8.Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thecityisverybeautiful.9.Tokeepupwithothers,hestudiesveryhard.10.Hegetsupearlytocatchthefirstbus.10.TheflooddisasterhappenedinZhengzhou,causinggreatdamagetoHenanProvince.11.Hehurriedtotheairport,tofindtheplanehadtakenoff.12.Hehurriedtotheairport,tobetoldthesingerhadleft.13.Whilewalkingacrossthestreet,youcanneverbecarefulenough.14.Unlessinvited,Iwon’tgototheparty.六．补语：用来补充说明宾语的情况叫宾补1.Whatthelittlegirlsaidmadeushappy.2.Whatthelittlegirlsaidmadeuslaugh.3.Youshouldencourageyourfriendtotrynewhobbies.4.Hehadhishaircutyesterday.5.Iamsorrytokeepyouwaitingforsolong.6.Withtheboyleadingtheway,wefoundthevillageeasily.7.Withtheboytoleadtheway,wewillfindthevillageeasily.8.Withalotofhomeworktodo,Ican’tgoouttoplay.9.Withhomeworkdone,Icangoouttoplaynow.七．表语：说明主语“是什么”“怎么样”；位于系动词之后状态系动词be:表示主语状态,身份等持续性系动词:keep,remain,stay:表示主语继续或保持一种状况感官系动词:feel,look,taste,smell,sound+adj.变化系动词:bee,grow,turn,get,go+adj.1.Hermotherisateacher.2.Thefoodtastesdelicious.英语中几大重要词性及其考点动词/名词/形容词/副词/连词/冠词/介词/代词动词考谓语动词（在谓语部分中已讲）考非谓语动词的适当形式考察（在宾语，定语，状语，补语中已讲）考察动词的固定搭配：比如decidetodosth;enjoydoingsth;decideonsth;leadto***故：记准动词词组固定搭配名词(专题学案）考察可数名词的复数不可数名词形容词副词（专题学案已讲）考察形容词和副词的基本用法考察形容词副词的比较级和最高级连词1.Driveslowlyandcarefully.2.Hefellandcuthisknee.3.Givemeachance,andIwillgiveyouabigsurprise.4.Whichdoyouprefer,white,greyorbrown?5.Hurryup,oryouwillbelateforschool.6.Heisnotrich,buthelivesahappylife.7.Althoughheisnotrich,helivesahappylife.8.Hestudiedveryhard，sohemadeprogress.9.Becausehestudiedveryhard,hemadeprogress.10.Whenshewas4yearsold,shebegantolearnEnglish.11.IfIaminvited,Iwillgototheparty.12.ThisistheschoolthatIvisitedlastyear.13.Whatamazedmemostwasthathegotthefirstprizeinthepetition冠词：a/an泛指；the特指/类别1).____usefulbook2).___umbrella3)._____honestboy4).____highbuilding5)._____bookunderthedeskismine.6)._____richarenotalwayshappy.7).Theytake_____samesubjectsasyoudo.2.改错中考察冠词的基本用法1）.aanthe之间的互改a18yearoldboyahouranuniversity.多冠词HegavemeagoodadviceabouthowtoimprovemyEnglish...少冠词Wehaddeliciousbreakfastyesterday.介词（专题学案已讲）多考固定搭配代词1.人称代词各种变体及其用法主格宾格形容词物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词Imemyminemyselfweyou