2024年八年级寒假Lesson4八年级下册Unit1SectionB新课学习

U1What’sthematter?SectionBpart1KeywordsNo.EnglishChineseLet’stest!1bandagen.绷带v.用绷带包扎2pressv.压；挤；按3sickadj.生病的；有病的4kneen.膝；膝盖5nosebleedn.鼻出血6breathev.呼吸7sunburnedadj.晒伤的8climbern.登山者；攀登者9riskn.&v.；风险；冒险10accidentn.（交通）事故11situationn.情况；状况12kilon.千克；公斤13rockn.岩石14knifen.刀15bloodn.血16meanv.意思是；打算；意欲17importancen.重要性；重要18decisionn.决定；抉择19controln.&v.限制；管理20spiritn.勇气；意志21deathn.死；死亡22nursen.护士Part2KeyphrasesPhrasesMeaningPhrasesMeaningputabandageonsth.用绷带包扎falldown摔倒feelsick感到恶心haveanosebleed流鼻血cuthisknee割伤他的膝盖putherheadback把她的头向后仰haveproblemsbreathing呼吸困难mountainclimbing登山运动beusedtodoingsth.习惯做某事runout(of)用完；耗尽sothat以便so…that如此…以至于……beincontrolof掌管；管理keepondoingsth.继续或坚持做某事(中间无间隔）gethit/sunburned被打击/晒伤seesb.doingsth.看见某人正在做某事asksb.sth.询问某人某事expectsb.todosth.期望某人做某事haveproblems(in)doingsth.做某事有困难usedtodosth过去常常做某事seemtodosth.好像做某事runoutof用尽；耗尽【即讲即练】首字母填空。1.Mymotherworksinthehospitalandsheisan___________________.2.Amyisoneofthemaincharactersinthismoviesosheplaysani___________________roleinit.3.Atlast,shemadead___________________towalkontheleftwayatthecrossing.4.Weshouldtakegoodcareofo___________________tohaveahealthybody.5.Ialmostcan'tb___________________.afterrunningforthetestintheP.E.class.6.WhatIsaytoyoum___________________youshouldstudyhardtogetgoodgrades.7.Twos___________________.menarelyingonthebedinthehospital.8.Hefoundhimselfinadifficults___________________whenhelosthiswalletwhentravelling,soheaskedthepoliceforhelp.9.Manyr___________________.areinthemountainandsometravelerstakesomesmalloneshomebecauseoftheirinterestingshapes.10.Thelittledog'sd___________________madeoldHenryverysad,becausehecouldneverseeitagain.Part3ReadingArticleSafetyFirstAronRalstonisanAmericanmanwhoisinterestedinmountainclimbing.Asamountainclimber,Aronisusedtotakingrisks.Thisisoneoftheexcitingthingsaboutdoingdangeroussports.ThereweremanytimeswhenAronalmostlosthislifebecauseofaccidents.OnApril26,2003,hefoundhimselfinaverydangeroussituationwhenclimbinginUtah.Onthatday,Aron’sarmwascaughtundera360-kilorockthatfellonhimwhenhewasclimbingbyhimselfinthemountains.Becausehecouldnotfreehisarm,hestayedthereforfivedaysandhopedthatsomeonewouldfindhim.Butwhenhiswaterranout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.Hewasnotreadytodiethatday.Soheusedhisknifetocutoffhalfhisrightarm.Then,withhisleftarm,hebandagedhimselfsothathewouldnotlosetoomuchblood.Afterthat,heclimbeddownthemountaintofindhelp.Afterlosinghisarm,hewroteabookcalledBetweenaRockandaHardPlace.Thismeansbeinginadifficultsituationthatyoucannotseemtogetoutof.Inthisbook,Arontellsoftheimportanceofmakinggooddecisions,andofbeingincontrolofone’slife.Hisloveformountainclimbingissogreatthathekeptonclimbingmountainsevenafterthisexperience.DowehavethesamespiritasAron?Let’sthinkaboutitbeforewefindourselves“betweenarockandahardplace”,andbeforewehavetomakeadecisionthatcouldmeanlifeordeath.一．Readthepassageagainandanswerthequestions.1.WheredidtheaccidenthappenonApril26,2003?_______________________________________________________________________________2.Whycouldn’tAronmove?_______________________________________________________________________________3.HowdidAronfreehimself?_______________________________________________________________________________4.WhatdidArondoaftertheaccident?_______________________________________________________________________________5.Whatdoes“betweenarockandahardplace”mean?_______________________________________________________________________________Part4keypointsAronRalstonisanAmericanmanwhoisinterestedinmountainclimbling.阿伦·罗尔斯顿是一位对爬山感兴趣的美国人。◆主语（人）+beinterestedin 某人对···感兴趣interested adj.感兴趣的，只作表语interesting adj.有趣的，作表语或定语。2、Asamountainclimber,Aronisusedtotakingrisks.作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯了冒险。◆beusedtodoingsth. 习惯于做某事（getusedtodoingsth渐渐习惯于）I’musedtowalkingaftersupper.You’llgetusedtoyournewjobsoon.◆beusedtodosth. 被用来做某事Thiscomputerisusedtocontrolallthemachines.◆usedtodosth. 过去常常做某事Heusedtobeateacherinourschool.他曾经是我们学校的一位老师。Thisisoneoftheexcitingthingsaboutdoingdangeroussports.这是做危险运动当中令人兴奋的事情之一。◆oneof+adj.最高级+名词复数“···之一”，作主语时谓语用三单。OneofthemostbeautifulcitiesintheworldisParis.世界上最美丽的城市之一是巴黎。ThereweremanytimeswhenAronalmostlosthislifebecauseofaccidents.有好多次阿伦差点因为意外丢掉性命。◆在关系副词when引导的定语从句中，很多情况下when可用“介词+which”来代替，介词由先行词或定语从句的谓语动词来决定。Thedaywhen/onwhichIwenttoNewYorkwasthegreatestdayofmylife.Ishallneverforgetthoseyearswhen/duringwhichIlivedwithher.并非先行词表示时间都用when来引导定语从句，若关系词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语而不是时间状语，即使先行词为表时间的名词（短语）也需用which或that引导相应的定语从句。Doyoustillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherinschool?【拓展】◆loseone’slife失去生命、丧命、牺牲。◆becauseof+n./pron.因为，由于5、Becausehecouldnotfreehisarm,hestayedthereforfivedaysandhopedthatsomeonewouldfindhim.因为它无法抽出他的胳膊，他在那里待了五天，希望有人会找到他。◆free在本句作动词，“释放，使自由，解救”。作形容词“空闲的，免费的”◆hope+that引导的宾语从句【拓展】hopetodosth. (注意：没有hopesb.todosth)Hope+n.希望6.Butwhenhiswaterranout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.但当他的水喝没的时候，他知道他必须做些什么来挽救自己的生命。◆runoutof用完，耗尽◆saveone’slife救命Soheusedhisknifetocutoffhalfhisrightarm.所以他用他的刀切断一半右臂。【拓展】cutoff 切断、割下、切除cutdown 砍倒、削减cutup 切碎cutin 插话、插入cutout 切断、删去cutinto 打断（别人的话）Then,withhisleftarm,hebandagedhimselfsothathewouldnotlosetoomuchblood.然后，他用左胳膊给自己包扎，以便不会失血过多。◆bandagesth. 用绷带包扎◆sothat 引导目的状语从句，“以便，为了”◆loseblood 失血9.Thismeansbeinginadifficultsituationthatyoucannotseemtogetoutof.它的意思是“处于一个你似乎无法摆脱的处境之中”。◆mean v.意思是，意味着，打算（1）meantodosth. 打算做某事Ididn’tmeantohurtyou.我没打算伤害你。（2）meandoingsth. 意味着做某事Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.错过这列火车意味着在等一个小时。（3）mean adj.卑鄙的，吝啬的◆seem“看起来....”（1）主语+seemtodosth. ···看起来···Theyoungmanseemedtohavechangedmuch.那个年轻人看起来变化很大。（2）主语+seem/seems+(tobe)+表语Tomseems(tobe)averycleverboy.汤姆看起来是个聪明的男孩。（3）Itseems+that从句Itseemsthatnooneknowswhathashappenedinthepark.似乎没有人知道公园里发生了什么。（4）There+seem/seems+(tobe)+n.Thereseemsnoneedtowaitlonger.好像没必要再等下去了。10.Inthisbook,Arontellsoftheimportanceofmakinggooddecisions,andofbeingincontrolofone’slife.◆tellof 意为“叙述、描述”Hetoldofhischildhood.◆theimportanceofdoingsth. 意为“做某事的重要性”Hebegantorealizetheimportanceofstudyinghard.◆decision(n)--decide(v.) makeadecisiontodosth.=decidetodosth.◆beincontrolof “掌管、掌控”Youshouldbeinthecontrolofyourownlife.◆beinthecontrolof 意为“受……控制；受……管理”反义“beoutofcontrol 意为“失去……的控制”。Thecompanyisinthecontroloftheyoungman.11.OnApril26,2003,hefoundhimselfinaverydangeroussituationwhenclimbinginUtah.2003年4月26日，当他在犹他州登山时，他发现自己处于一个极其危险的境地。◆whenclimbinginUtah在句中作时间状语，完整句：whenhewasclimbinginUtah.当when引导的从句的主语与主句的主语相同，且从句谓语动词中含有be动词时常省去主语及be动词以避免重复。◆find的用法：（1）find+宾语+名词。You’llfinditadifficultjob.（2）find+宾语+形容词。Hefoundtheroomempty.（3）find+宾语+表处所的副词。（in/out/up/down/downstairs/upstairs）Ifoundherinatthattime.（4）find+宾语+不定式。Hisfatherfoundhimtobeveryclever.Herbloodwasfoundtocontainpoison.（5）find+宾语+现在分词/过去分词。（6）find+从句Tomfindsit’seasytolearnChinesewell.12、Then,withhisleftarm,hebandagedhimselfsothathewouldnotlosetoomuchblood.然后，他用左胳膊给自己包扎上绷带，以免失血过多。◆该句是一个省略含有由sothat引导的目的状语从句的主从复合句。谓语多含有如cancouldmaymightwillwouldshould等情态动词。sothat也可引导结果状语从句，但从句中很少出现如can\could\may\might\will\would\should等情态动词。Wearrivedearlyinthemorningsothatwecaughttheearlybus.◆so+adj./adv.+that如此······以至于HeransofastthatIcouldn’tcatchupwithhim.◆with,prep.用，使用。表示用手段或工具。in,prep.用，使用。表示使用某种语言或材料。Part5语法小专题：情态动词Should1．Should为情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，否定式为shouldn’t，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。Youshoulddrinkhotwaterwithhoney． 你应该喝加有蜂蜜的开水。Heshouldputhisheadback 他应该把头后仰。Weshouldtryourbesttohelphim. 我们应当尽力去帮助他。Youshouldn’twatchTV. 你不应该看电视。Should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。ShouldIputsomemedicineonit? 我应当给它敷上药吗？Shouldwetellheraboutit? 我们应该告诉她这件事吗？【拓展】在英语中，表示建议的说法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有：①Wouldyoulike(todo)sth．？ 你想要／愿意（做）某事吗？Wouldyouliketoplaybasketballwithme? 你想要和我一起打篮球吗？②ShallI/wedosth? 我／我们做„„好吗？Shallwegotothezootomorrow? 明天我们去动物园，好吗？③Whynotdosth? 为什么不呢？Whynotjoinus? 为什么不加入到我们当中来呢？④How/Whataboutdoingsth? 做某事怎么样？Howaboutgoingswimming? 去游泳怎么样？⑤Let’sdosth 让我们做吧。Let’sgohome． 咱们回家吧。⑥You’dbetter(not)dosth 你最好（不）要做某事。You’dbetternotgotherealone． 你最好不要独自去那儿。Part6Practicemakesperfect一．单项选择题。()1.Open(张开)yourmouth_________Icanlookat.yourthroat.A.so B.because C.if()2.1__________thesalttomakedumplings.SoIatesomethingelse.A.tookout B.ranoutof C.gotoutof()3.Wouldyoumind___________moreslowly?Ican'tfollowyou..A.Speaking B.speak C.tospeak()4.一DoesAllanthinkthatclimbingthehighmountainisdangerous?一No,hedoesn't.HelikesA.takingbreaks B.takingrisks C.gettingintotrouble()5.AfterIgottoAmerica,1_______with,peopleinEnglish.usedtotalk B.usedtotalking C.wasusedtotalking()6.—Ihaveabad________.—Youshouldseeadentist.A.toothache B.headache C.stomachache()7.Comeonifyouwanttobe___________forthebeginningofthemovie.A.attimes B.intime C.atsometime()8.Ifsomeonehelpsyouandgetsyououtoftrouble,you___________thankhim.A.can B.must C.should()9.—WhatdidMr.Greensaytohisson?一Hetoldhim___________oftenbecauseit'sgoodforhishealth.A.Exercising B.toexercise C.exercise()10.Thegirlinpurpleisnewhere,so________peopleknowher.Few B.afew C.many完型填空题。Itwasthefirstdayofsecondgrade,andSarahlookedforwardtothisdayforalongtime.Thenightbeforeshetookouther____1____clothes:apairofwhitetrousersandayellowT-shirt.Whenhavingbreakfast,Sarahdropped(掉落)some____2____onherT-shirt,soshehadtochange(改变)intobluejeansandaJonasBrothersT-shirt.Theyarehersecondfavoriteclothes.Afterbreakfast,Sarah____3____tocatchtheschoolbusbutwhenshewasjustreachingthedoor(门)，thebusdriver____4____it.Sarahransofastthatshecouldn'tstop.ThedoorhitrightonSarah'sfaceandbloodrandownhernose.Thedriverwantedtosendherhome,butsherefused,“Itisthemostimportantdayoftheyear!Ican'tmissit!"Beforeclasses,Sarahwenttoplayherfavorite____5____.Whenitwenthigher,shesawherbestfriendlittleJack.Sheletgoofitandsaid“Hi"tohimwithonehand.Unluckily,sheflewoutandbrokealegandanarmwhenherbodytouchedthesand(沙地).Shehurtherselfsobadlythatshecouldhardlystand.Asshe____6____inthesand,shesawaroundshinythingnexttoher.Withhergoodhandshetookit.WhenSarah'smotherreachedtheschoolhospital,thesituation____7____her:hergirlwaslyinginbedwithanarmandaleginbandage,andtherewasbloodonherclothes.She____8____toseeherchildfeelingsad,butinfactSarahwaslaughinghappily.“Sarah,lookatyou!”hermothersaid.“You.hurtyourselfsobadlyandwhyareyoulaughingnow?”“Look,mom,Ifoundabeautiful____9____!”Sarahanswered.Lifecanbelikethat.Itcanbehard,andevenhurtyoualotsometimes.Buttherearealways.Goodsidesofit.Theycanmakeyoufeelbetterandevenforgetthe____10____andtheunhappiness.()1.A.new B.favorite C.expensive()2.A.water B.blood C.food()3.A.walked B.ran C.drove()4.A.closed B.broke C.controlled()5.A.piano B.game C.swing()6.A.rested B.played C.lay()7.A.surprised B.touched C.hurt()8.A.planned B.expected C.refused()9.A.card B.knife C.ring()10.A.event B.trouble C.risk三.阅读理解题。Once，therewasayoungcouple(夫妻).Theyworkedforanoldmanandlivedinhishouse.Oneday,theoldmanpointedtoabigboxinhislivingroomandsaid,”Thereisonethingyoumustn'tdo:Don'topen(打开)thisbox."Aftersayingthis,helefthishome.Thewomansaidtotheman,“Theremustbesomethingexpensiveinthebox.Let'sopenit.Iwanttoseethethinginit."Themandidn'twanttoopenthebox,butthewomandidn'tgiveupOneday,thewomandecidedtofindoutwhatwasinthebox.Thistimethemandidn'tstopher.Sheopenedtheboxandlookedinside.Tohersurprise,therewasnothinginside.Shetriedhardtoclosethebox,butshecouldn'tdoit.Thatevening,theoldmancamehomeandfoundthattheboxwasopen.Hewassoangrythatheaskedtheyoungcoupletoleavehishome.“Buttherewasnothinginthebox,"thewomansaid.“Wedidn'ttakeanythingatall."Theoldmanshouted,“Theboxisnotimportant.NowIknowthat1can'ttrustyou.That'simportant!"()1.Wherewasthebigbox?A.Inthekitchen. B.Inthecouple'sroom. C.Inthelivingroom.()2.Howdidtheoldmanfeelwhenhesawtheboxnopen?A.Surprised. B.Angry. C.Sad.()3.Whichoneistruefromthearticle?Therewasnothingintheboxinfact. B.Theoldmantoldthecoupleonethingwasinthebox.C.Theyoungmanstoppedthewomanopeningtheboxtwice.()4.Whatwouldprobablyhappenthenextday?A.Theoldmanmaybuyanothernewbox.B.Theyoungcouplemaymoveoutofthehouse.C.Theyoungcouplestillworkedfortheoldman.()5.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?A.Theoldman'sboxischeap.B.Thethingintheboxisexpensive.C.Thetrustbetweenpeopleisimportant.四、完成对话。A:Oh,no!Whathappened，Susan?Youarehavinganosebleed.B:Oh,the_____1._____fellonmynotebookfrommynose.Ineedsomepaper...A:Hereyouare.Well,sitstraightwithyourheadtitledforward(前倾).B:Thankyou.AnddoyoumeanIshouldputmyhead_____2._____,Amy?A:Yes,puttingyourheadupcan_____3._____cause(造成)coughandotherproblems.Afterthat,youneedto_____4._____thesidesofyournose.Andwaitamoment.B:OK.I'mdoingthatnow.Amy,youarejustlikeadoctor.Youknowsomuch.A:Haha,IlearneditfromTV.Areyou_____5._____muchbetternow?B:Yeah.I'mallrightnow.Ihavetosayyouarereallylikeadoctor.Whywereyou_____6.____inthiskindofmedicalknowledge(医学知识)?A:Becauseofoneexperience.Once,Icarelessly_____7._____mykneewhenIranwithmyfriends.B:Wasthecut_____8._____?A:Notgood.Ididn'tknowwhattodoatfirst,andthenmyfriendJack_____9._____mycutandputsomemedicineonit.Thenheputa_____10._____onit.Ithinkhewassocool.B:Soyouwanttolearnfromhim.A:Yes,Ithinkthesimplemedicalknowledgecanhelpothersinneed.B:Youaresonice.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.五、十二选十。angrycareclearfinishhealthnormalserioushappystartstopsuccessthinkTinawasa17-year-oldgirl.Shegotaseriousillness(疾病)andhadtouseawalker(助行架)mostofthetime.Peopledidn'tspeaktoherveryoften.Maybeitwasbecauseshewasalittledifferentandpeopledidn'tknowhowtotalktoher.Butshealwayslooked____1.____,andusuallysaidaloud“Hi"topeoplewithout____2.____abouthowtheylookedather.Inoneclass,Iwantedthestudentstorememberanarticle.ThisgradewasaverysmallpartoftheirfinalexamsbecauseIknewmostofmystudentswouldn'tdoitanyway.Intheclass,onebyoneeachstudent____3.____repeated(背诵)thearticle.Noonecouldrepeatthearticlewithoutmakingsomemistakes.Finally,being____4.____andhalfjoking,Isaidthatthenextstudenthadtodothreepush-ups(俯卧撑)ifhecouldn'trepeatit____5.____.Tomysurprise,Tinawasthenext.Sheusedherwalkertomovetothefrontoftheclass.Whensherepeated,shemadeamistake.BeforeIcouldsayaword,sheputawayherwalkerquicklyandstarteddoingpush-ups.Iwantedtosay,”Tina,Iwasjustjoking!"Butshestoodupafterthepush-ups,and____6.____therestofherarticle.Whensheended,astudentasked,“Tina,whydidyoudothat?I'snotimportanthomework!”“BecauseIwanttobe____7.____likeyou!"Tinasaid.Theroomwasquietforsometimebeforeanotherstudentspokeout,”Tina，we'renot!Weareteenagers!Andwehaveproblemsallthetime.”“Iknow."Tinalaughedandsaid.Therestofthestudentslaughed,too.Tinamadeonlyafewmistakesthatday,butshegotthelovefromherclassmatesand____8._____wontheirfriendship(友谊)aswell.Toher,thatwasmuchmorethanagrade.Thelessonis，don'tletanyproblem____9.____youifyoucan'tsolveit,and____10.____therestofyourlifeinadifferentway!1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.六选五。Havingateenagerathomecanbearealheadache.Manyteenagersdononeoftheirschoolwork,colortheirhair,hangoutafterschoolandevenfight—theyalwaystrytobedifferent._____1.______.Isitbecauseteenagersaretooyoungtotellrightfromwrong?Notreally,sowhat'sthereason?Laurence,ateacherfromaUSuniversity,saysthereasonisthatteenagerscarealotabouthowothersthinkaboutthem._____2.______Becausewhenchildrengrowintoteenagers,theywillspendmoretimewiththeirfriendsandclassmates,andtheyalsocaremoreaboutwhatothersthinkofthem.Inatest,scientistsinvitedagroupofteenagerstoplayavideodrivinggame.Whentheyplayedastheirfriendswerewatchingthem,theytookmorerisksanddrovemorebecausethatwouldmaketheirpossibilityofwinninghigher.Butwhentheyplayedontheirown,theydrovemorecarefully.Whydoteenagershavesuchabiginfluence(影响)oneachother?AsLaurencefindsout,ateenagerthinksanddoesthingsinadifferentwayfromtheadults(成年人)._____3.______Theyevengetmoreexcitedattheirworkwhensomeotherpeopleoftheirsameagearenearthem._____4.______Asscienceandtechnologies(科技)improveourlife,theteenagersaremuchhealthierthanwewereinthepast._____5.______A.Teenagersusuallydecideandactmuchfaster.B.Teenagersaremorepossibletogettheresultstheydon'texpect.C.Teenagerssometimesmakedecisionswithoutthinkingclearlyabouttheresults.D.Parentsneedtocaremoreaboutteenager'smental(内心的)healththanphysicalhealth.E.Asteenagersgrowintoadults,theyneedtocareabouttheirphysicalhealthandmakesuretheirmindsareashealthya