英语-山东省日照市2024届高三下学期二模试题和答案

参照秘密级管理★启用前试卷类型：A2021级高三校际联合考试英语试题2024.042．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案动，用橡皮擦干净后；再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIfyou’retravelingwithyourfamilyandlookingforgreatfuninIceland,checkthislistoffamily-friendlytours.Thesetourshelpyoumakethebestofyourfamilyvacation.IcecavingtouronLangjokullGlacier（冰川）OnthisLangjokullGlaciertour,exploretheworld’slargestman-madeicecave.A20-tonmonstertruckwilltakeyoutotheentranceofthecave,locatedclosetothetopoftheglacier.Thenhikethroughthe500mlongicetunnelwithseparatefrozenhallsandadmirebrilliantblueiceformations.You’lldreamaboutthisicecaveexperienceforyearstocome!WhalewatchingtourfromReykjavikHitthehighseasonaDalvikwhalewatchingtour.Witnesshumpbackwhales,bluewhales,minkewhalesandevendolphins!IntrueIcelandicfashion,youwillgetthechancetotryyourhandatseafishing.YourfreshcatchwillbebarbequedIcelandic-stylewhenthetourends,theperfectwaytowrapuptheday.Riverrafting（漂流）downGullfossCanyon.Whetheryou’reanexpertorbeginner,Iceland’swhitewatersattractpeopleofallskilllevels.YourtourbeginsatDrumboddsstadir,continuesdowntheHvitaRiverandendsinBruarhlodCanyon,locatedatthefoothillsofGullfossWaterfall.Thewaterswillleadyoupastawater-carvedgorgeandoverafewsteeprapidsonanunforgettableadventureofalifetime.OldfarmhikeOnthistourwe’llbeaimingfortheoldabandonedfarmatKleif—watchingoutfortheArcticwildlifethatlivesinthearea,includingreindeerandplentyofbirds.Uponarrival,we’llgoonafullyguidedtourofthefarmandhearstoriesofhowIcelandersmanagedtosurviveinthisunfriendlyplace.Finally,we’llenjoysomewarmingrefreshmentsatthefarmafteraneducationaldayinthewilderness.()1．Whatdoweknowabouttheicecave?A．Itisartificial.B．Ithasasecretentrance.CC．Itliesunderaglacier.D．Itisthedeepestintheworld.()2．Whichtourmightappealtoadventurersmost?A．Icecavingtour.B．Whalewatchingtour.C．Riverrafting.D．Oldfarmhike.()3．Whatcanyoudoontheoldfarmhiketour?A．Haveabarbecueinthewilderness.B．Learnfarmingfromlocalpeople.C．PracticehuntingArcticanimals.D．Explorethehistoryofthefarm.BWhenBellaLinwas12yearsold,shenoticedthatherguineapigs（豚鼠）seemedunhappyintheirsmallcagewith“prison-likebars”,LintoldtheCNBCMakeItwebsite.Focusingonfindinganalternativetotraditionalcagesforherpets,thenow17-year-oldfromMountainView,US,beganherdesigns.Linexperimentedwithmultipledesignsandusedaround$2,000fromhersavingstostarthersidebusiness,GuineaLoft,onAmazoninNovember2022.Itmadeabigdifferenceandsoldnearly11,000cagesandbroughtinmorethan$410,000in2023,accordingtoCNBCMakeIt.Initially,Lininformedherfatherofherdesiretodevelopanimprovedcage.Herfatherhadrelationswithafamily-ownedfactoryinChinathroughapreviousclient,andhereachedouttothem.Traditionalguineapigcagestypicallyconsistofbars,roofs,andeithertarp（防水布）orplasticbottoms,makingthemhardtocleanandoftensmellbad.Lin’sinitialglass,open-floorcagesofferedmorevisibilityandmobility,withatwo-layeredbottom.Thisdesignallowsfortheeasyremovalofsoiledbeddingbypushingitintoaremovableplastictray（托盘）.However,duetohighshippingcosts,theglassmaterialwasimpractical,andtheopenfloorcausedproblemsforhersmallerguineapigs,astheirfeetwouldgetstuck.Linandhersix-personteaminChinadevotedlatenightstoresearchingandtestingproducts.Herteamhandledthesourcing,manufacturing,packagingandphotographyoftheproducts.Intheend,theychoseacrylic,insteadofglass,andcraftedreplaceablebottoms,asLindescribedit.Thebottomsareeasytothrowout,whichisgoodforbusiness:Oncecustomersrunoutofthebottoms,theyhavetovisitLin’sAmazonstoreagaintorestock.“WitnessingthepracticaleffectsofGuineaLoftcagesthroughcustomerreviewsandemailsisempowering,”Linsaid.“Assomeonewhoonceplacedgreatemphasisonacademicrecognition,thesuccessofmysidebusinesshasboostedmyconfidenceinexploringlifebeyondhighschool.”()4．WhatinspiredLintodesignanewcageforguineapigs?A．Thehugeprofitsinherbusiness.B．Theirbadlivingconditions.C．Herunpleasantexperienceatschool.D．Herdesiretoreplaceoldcages.()5．WhatisamajoradvantageofLin’snewcage?A．Itiswaterproof.B．Itlastslong.C．Itiseasytoclean.D．Itsmellsnice.()6．HowdoesLinsoundinthelastparagraph?A．Humorous.B．Concerned.C．Encouraged.D．Curious.()7．Whatmaybeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．InventingforOurPetsB．RunningaSideBusinessC．BellaLin’sAcademicAchievementsD．TheApplicationofGuineaPigCagesDDisabledastronauts-in-traininghavecompletedazero-gravityflight25,000ftaboveEarthtohelpunderstandhowspacesuitsandspaceshipscanbemademoreaccessible.Thegroupof14,whowerefromfivedifferentcountries,includingAustralia,Brazil,Germany,SpainandtheUS,wasmadeupofscientists,engineersanddoctors.Theyhavemobility,visionandhearingdifficulties.Thegroundbreakingtrip,organizedbyAstroAccess,happenedonaZero-GaircraftinHouston,Texas.ItcamejustweeksaftertheEuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA)announcedthatformerParalympianrunner,JohnMcFall,wouldbepartofthe2022ESAAstronautClass.ThemissiontookoffandlandedatEllingtonAirport,nexttotheHoustonSpaceportandtheNASAJohnsonSpacecenter—hometotheUShumanspaceflighttraining.Onclimbingtoaheightof25,000ft,thevehiclebegan18parabolicmanoeuvres（抛物线演习）,allowingthecrewstotestoutwhatwasneededtomaketripstospacemoreaccessibleforthosewithdisabilities.Onegrouptestedasetoftactilegraphics（触觉图形）tobeaddedtocabinwallsthatwouldallowbothblindcrewmembersandshort-sightedcrewmemberstomaintainasenseofdirectionduringemergenciesandhelpthemfindemergencydeviceinzerogravityifthelightswentoff.ThoseworkingwiththeBlindandMobilityCrewwereabletodemonstratethatadisabledpersoncanindependentlygetintoalaunchseatandsafelyfastenthefive-pointseatbelt,provingthatdisabledpeoplecansafelyjoinspacemissions.Thehard-of-hearingandblindcrewsworkedwithSonyandSonicCloudtohelpimprovespeechunderstandingsystemsonboard,usingSonicCloud’sinnovativesoundpersonalizationsoftware.MattGohd,CEOofZero-GCorporationsaid:“FromourtimewithStevenHawkingtoourrelationshipwithAstroAccess,Zero-Gbelievesthattheonlylimitsyouhavearetheonesyouplaceonyourself.Wearehonoredtosharethisamazingexperienceandthefirststepstospacewiththisextraordinarygroupofindividuals.Spaceshouldbeopentoeveryone.”()8．Whatistheideabehindtheflight?A．Spacetravelcanbeaccessibletoeveryone.B．Spacetravelwillbecomeapopularindustry.C．Spacetravelcandevelopaspiritofadventure.D．Spacetravelwillbegoodforuniverseexploration.()9．Whatwasspecialabouttheflight?A．Ithadaformerathleteonboard.B．Itwasdesignedfordisabledpeople.C．Itwasthefirstzero-gravityflightever.D．Itgotfinancialaidfromdifferentcountries.()10．Whywerethetestsconducted?A．Tomakepreparationsfortheflight.B．Toenhancespeechunderstandingsystems.C．Tobettertheskillsofthedisabledinusinglaunchseats.D．Toevaluatethepossibilityofspacetravelforthedisabled.()11．WhatmessageisconveyedinMattGohd’swords?A．Greatmindsthinkalike.B．Unityisstrength.C．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.D．Anythingispossible.Whileit’simpossibletopredictjustwherethenextwildfirewillstart,newDepartmentofDefense-sponsoredresearchfromBrighamYoungUniversity’sFireResearchLabisgettingintothemicroscopicdetailsofhowfiresinitiatetoprovidemoreinsightintohowwildfiresburnthroughwildlandfuels.Fortheirexperiments,fireexpertThomasH.Fletcherandco-authorsloadedleavesof14plantspeciesintothecrucible（坩埚）ofathermogravimetricanalyzer（热重分析仪）andslowlyturnedtheheatupto800degreesCelsius.Astheywatchedtheleavesburn,theycategorizedthespeedatwhichtheplantbrokedownandthechemicalsproducedbytheheat.Theyalsocomparedtheimpactoftwoheatsources:convective(thinkofwind-drivenfires)andradiative(fromburningplantparticlesorflames).Theresearchfoundthatthechemistryofplantsmakesabigdifferenceinhowfasttheybreakdownbeforetheystarttoburn.That’simportanttoknowbecausethetypeofplantfoundonamountainhillsidemayhelppredicthowafirewillburnandhowquicklyitmightjumptoanotherplantspecies.“Verydetailedmodelsthatalreadyexisttakeuptotwoweekstorunonverybigcomputersandbythattime,thefirehasmovedandit’snotinthesameplaceanymore,”Fletchersaid.“We’reaimingtowardsgivinganswersonhowafiremightpropagateinthenext20minutesorhalfhourinsteadofthenexttwoweeks.”Thestudiesareaimedatimprovingpredictivemodelsforbothprescribed（有计划的）burnsandforunplannedwildfires.WithwildfirescostingtheForestServiceandstateagenciesbillionsofdollarstocontrolannually,anyresearchthatcanhelpmakefiremanagementmoreefficientisahighpriority.“Withallwe’vedonetoresearchthem,firesarestilloutofcontrol,”Fletchersaid.“Ourmodelcan’tpreventafire,butitcanhelpwithdecisionsonhowtomanagefiressothatwhenafirestarts,itdoesn’tblowupintoahuge,uncontrollablefire.”()12．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．Theresearchsubjects.B．Theresearchfindings.C．Theresearchprocedures.D．Theresearchobjectives.()13．Whatdoestheresearchfindaboutthechemistryofplants?A．Itaffectsthespeedofafire.B．Itisoneofthecausesofafire.C．Itbreaksdownquicklyinafire.D．Ithelpsplantssurviveinafire.()14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“propagate”inparagraph4mean?A．Explode.B．Spread.C．Diedown.D．Breakout.()15．Whydotheresearchersdevelopthenewmodel?A．Tomakethemostoutofwildfires.B．Tocontrolwildfiresmoreefficiently.C．Topredicttheoutbreakofwildfires.D．Topreventwildfiresfromhappening.阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyonereactstothepressuresofanupcomingtestdifferently.16Whenyouknowyouhaveatestahead,prepareyourselfmentallyandphysicallywellinadvancetominimizetestanxiety.Herearesometipstohelpgetyouthroughthedaysleadinguptoyourtest. 17Ithelpsyouengagewithyourmaterial,anditgivesyousomethingelseforreferencewhenyoustudylater.Ifyournotesaredetailedenough,youcanreadoverthemtostudy.Youcanalsousethemtomakeflashcardsandotherstudyaids.Whereyoustudycanbejustasimportantashowyoustudy.Chooseaplacethat’scomfortable,whetherthat’syourbedroom,aquiettableatthelibrary,orabenchatthelocalpark.Makesuretheareahasgoodlightingsoyouaren’tstrainingyoureyes,andensureit’squietandfreefromdistractions.18Don’ttrytocram（填塞）allofyourmaterialintoyourbrainthenightbeforethebigtest.Crammingcancausestressandanxiety.19Forexample,ifyouknowthetestisintwoweeks,dividethematerialinto10to14partsandspendasetamountoftimeeachdaytoreviewonepart.Ifyouworkwellwithgroups,considerformingorjoiningastudygroupwithotherswhoareseriousaboutpassingthetest.Trytokeepthegroupsmallsothateveryonehasachancetoengage.20Andconsidermakingsomeonetheleaderofthegrouptohelpkeepeveryoneontrack.A．Instead,it’sbesttostudyalittlebiteachday.B．Butit’snormaltofeelabitnervousoranxious.C．Agreeonascheduleandlocationtomeeteachweek.D．There’snoneedtostayupcrammingthenightbeforethebigtest.E．Considerturningoffyourphoneandanyotherelectronicdevices.F．Preparingforatestcanbegindays,weeks,andevenmonthsinadvance.G．Notetakinghelpsfocusyourattentiononwhatyou’rereadingorhearing.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。TheLadakhregion,thenorthernmostplateauofIndia,sitsmorethan3,000mabovesealevel.ThetallHimalayanmountainsstopthe21rainsfromcomingthere.SoLadakhhasusuallybeen22inthesunfor300daysperyear.Floodswere23unheardofbefore.However,floodshave24fourtimessince2010owingtoclimatechange.Adecadeandahalfago,theLadakhilandprovidedvillagerswitha25watersupply.Wintersnowmelted（融化）to26riversandprovidedwaterforagricultureinthespring.Butclimatechangehasseenaveragewinter27inLadakhirise.Thesnowmeltsfaster,28villagerswithlittleornowaterinthespring.Moreandmore29areleaving.Despitethat,thereis30forthisregion.In2019,engineerSonamWangchuk31unmeltediceunderabridge,shelteredfromthesun.32,hehadanidea.Wangchukwantedtohelpvillagers33waterinwinterwhichcouldbesavedforuseinthespring.Freezingitintheshapeofacone（圆锥体）couldmaximizethevolumeoficepersurfaceareaexposedtothesunand34theamountoftimeitwouldtaketomelt.Theengineerandateamoflocalpeoplebeganlookingforthebestwayofcreatingconesofice.Eventually,theydidit.Nownamedicetowers,theyhavegained35allacrossLadakh.()21．A．heavy()22．A．lost()23．A．virtuallyB．eventuallyC．frequentlyD．accidentally()24．A．decreasedB．risenC．occurred()25．A．limitedB．stableC．unique()26．A．slowdownB．cleanup()27．A．temperaturesB．snowfallsC．fogsD．rivers()28．A．surroundingB．helpingC．leavingD．equipping()29．A．hikersB．farmersC．engineersD．businessmen()31．A．rememberedB．searchedC．noticedD．measured()32．A．ThenB．Besides()33．A．carryB．produce()35．A．fameB．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。VolhaHalpyarovich,fromBelarus,36(experience)thehealingpoweroftraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)asachild.“WhenIcaughtacoldorhadacough,mymomusedtomakeacupping,atechniquethatinvolvesplacingcupsontheskin37(create)suction（吸力）,”saidHalpyarovich.AftershemovedtoChinaover12yearsago,shebecameevenmorecrazyaboutChinesemedicine.Livinginacommunitywithadrugstore38Chinesetraditionalherbsandmedicineweresold,Halpyarovichmetanexperienceddoctor.Thewiseoldgentlemanbeganwithathoroughdiagnosis,checkingherpulse,examininghertongue,andobservinghereyes.Tohersurprise,heaccuratelypointedoutherhealthissues39talkingtoomuch.TCMviewsthebodyas40universeconnectedwithnature.Itfocusesonimprovingbloodcirculationandremovingblocks,41(lead)toenhancedwell-being.Afterfollowingthetreatment,Halpyarovichfelt42(good).ShebelievesthattraditionalChinesemedicineisnotonlyakindoftreatment,butit’salifestyle.Asmorepeopleseekharmony.withnatureandwithin43(they),HalpyarovichrecommendstraditionalChinesemedicine.“Ifindittobeacomplexand44(benefit)methodthatisinagreementwiththegoaloflivinginharmony,”shesaid.Fromcuppingtopersonalizedherbaltreatment,sheencouragesotherstoexplorethediverseanduseful_45(approach)thatChinesetraditionalmedicinehastooffer.假定你是李华，你校将举行校园厨艺展示活动，请你在校英文网站上写一篇文章进行介绍与宣传，内容包括：1．时间和地点；2．活动内容；3．号召参加。注意：2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置