2021年湖南省永州市中考英语试卷

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页第=page22页，共=sectionpages22页2021年湖南省永州市中考英语试卷一、完形填空（本大题共10小题，共10.0分）MywholelifehaschangedbecauseofCOVID-19.It'sveryupsettingbecausewecan't（1）______anyoneelseandwecan'tgotoothers'homes.Wehavebeenathome,butI（2）______thehealthcareworkerswhohaveriskedtheirliveseverydaytohelpusstayhealthyandsafe.Here,Idescribemyexperienceduringthistime.

Comingbackhomefrommyspringvacation,Igotnewsthatschoolisclosedfortwoweeks.

Beingakid,Igot（3）______butIdidn'tknowwhatwaswaitingforus.IneverthoughtIwouldbedoingmyclassesonlinemonthslater.

Rightafterthe"stayathome"order,mymothertestedpositiveforCOVID-19andourfamilywasquarantined（隔离）for14days.Itwasreallychallengingforallofus,especiallyformy（4）______，whogotsick.Thoseweretheworsttwoweeksinmylife.

Watchingmymother（5）______fever,cough,andshortnessofbreathwasheartbreaking,Ihadtearsinmyeyes,butIdidn'ttellmyparentsaboutit.Iwasthankfulthatmyfatherisa（6）______whoknowshowtotreatCOVID-19patients.Afterthreeweeks,mymothergotbetter.

Myfatherisatruehero.Notonlyhewastakingcareofus,butalsohehasbeentreatingpatientswithCOVID-19everydayand（7）______thecommunityselflessly.Iamproudofhim.

This（8）______hastaughtmetobethankfulforthingswehaveinlife.Myfatherhas（9）______

metobeselfless,helpful,andbrave.ItisOKtobeanxious,butrememberthatthereis（10）______attheendofthechannel（隧道）andlifewillgetnormalagain.

A.e-mail B.call C.meet

A.admire B.like C.miss

A.surprised B.excited C.worried

A.sister B.father C.mother

A.continue B.stand C.accept

A.doctor B.worker C.teacher

A.controlling B.serving C.cleaning

A.accident B.journey C.experience

A.asked B.told C.taught

A.light B.sign C.wind二、阅读理解（本大题共20小题，共40.0分）AChina'sunbelievablehigh-speedrailnetwork

Atthebeginningofthe21stcenturyChinahadnohigh-speedrailways.Slow,crowdedandoftenuncomfortabletrainsranacrossthisvastcountry,withlowaveragespeedsmakingjourneyssuchasShanghai-Beijingatestoftravel.

Today,it'sacompletelydifferentpicture.With37，900kilometersoflines,linkingallofitsmajorbigcities.Chinahastheworld'slargestworkofhigh-speedrailways.Halfofthattotalhasbeencompletedinthelastfiveyearsalone,withafurther3，700kilometersduetoopeninthecomingmonthsof2021.Thenetworkisexpectedtodoubleinlengthagain,to70，000kilometers,by2035.HowwerethetrainsinChinaatthebeginningofthe21stcentury？______A.Fast. B.Comfortable. C.CrowdedHowmanykilometersoflinesareduetoopeninthecomingmonthsof2021？______A.3，700. B.37，900. C.70，000.B41.0%ofkidsaged______usetheInternet.A.5-9 B.10-13 C.14-17Whatpercentageofkidsgetsnewsorinformationonline？______A.89%. B.76%. C.38%.Whatdo43%ofkidsusuallydoontheInternet？______A.Playgames.

B.Buybooks.

C.Sendorreceiveinstantmessages.CCanagreenmachinehelptheworld'spoorestkidslearnbetter？NicholasNegropontethinksso.Heandhisteamofscientistshaveinventedanewtypeofcomputer.Asaresult,manychildrenwholiveinpoverty（贫穷）willhavetheirownlaptopcomputers!

Negroponteworksatauniversity.HestartedagroupcalledOneLaptopPerChild（OLPC）.ThepeopleatOLPCdon'tworkformoney.Theyworktohelpchildrenlearn.OLPCmakescomputersthatdon'tcostalot.Thentheysellthemachinestogovernmentsofcountriesthathavemanypeopleliveinpoverty.Thegovernmentsthengivethecomputestokidsforfree.

TheXOLaptopcomputersaremadeforschool-agedchildrenindevelopingnations.Manyofthesechildrenliveinfarawayareasandgotoschoolswithclassrooms.Inordertowork,thelaptopshavetobelastingandstudent-friendly.

Themachineshavemanyfuncharacterslikeabuilt-invideocamera,voicerecording,andgames.TheWiFiletsstudentsshareinformationontheWebandreade-books.Theyalsocanmakemusicandchatwithfriends.

Anothergreatcharacteristhatitcanlastforalongtime.Itcanbehandchargedandalsocanberechargedbyconnectingtoasolarpanel.BecauseofthesecharacterstheXOlaptopsmakelearningfunwhilehelpingtheenvironment.

Thecomputershaveacolorfulname-"thegreenmachine".Negropontethinkstheycouldmakeadifferenceinthelivesofmillionsofkids.Hesays,"Everyproblemyoucanthinkof-poverty,peace,theenvironment-issolvedwitheducation."

OLPCplanstogiveoutovertenmillioncomputersinthenextfewyears.KidsinThailand,Nigeria,Brazil,andArgentinawillgetmostofthem.ChinaandEgyptalsowanttotakepartintheprogram.Afterthat,Negropontehopestosellcomputerstoothercountrieswithhighpoverty.Negropontethinkshislaptopcomputerswillhelptheworld'spoorestkidsto______.A.workathome B.gotoschoolontime

C.learnbetter WhatcanweknowaboutthepeopleatOLPCaccordingtoParagraph2？______A.Theyworkformoney.

B.Theygivecomputerstokidsforfree.

C.Theysellcomputerstogovernmentswithmanypeoplelivinginpoverty.WhydoXOlaptopsmakelearningfunwhilehelpingtheenvironment？______A.Becausetheyarelastingandstudent-friendly.

B.Becausetheyaremadeforschool-agedchildren.

C.Becausetheyhaveacolorfulname.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"charged"meaninChinese？______A.携带. B.充电. C.使用.Whowillgetmostofthecomputersinthenextfewyears？______A.KidsinThailand. B.KidsinChina. C.KidsinEgypt.DDogsmighthavethelatesttoolsinthefightagainstcancer（癌症）：theirnoses!ResearchersatCalifornia'sPineStreetFoundation（PSF）saytheyhavetrainedfivedogstosmellcanceronaprison'sbreath.Thiscouldbeexcitingnews.

Adog'ssenseofsmellmaybe10，000to100，000timesstrongerthanours.Butcandogsreallysmellillness？PSFresearcherMichaelMcCullochsaysyes."Wewereverysurprisedbyhowexacttheywere,"hesaid."Theyweretellingwhohadcancer,andtheywerealsosayingwhodidn't."

McCullochandhisteamaskedfourhealthypeopleandonewithcancertoblowintoplastictubes（塑料管）.Specialmaterialsinthetubeskeptthethingsofeachbreath.Thetubeswerethenplacedoneyardapart.Finallythedogswereallowedtosmellthetubes.Eachdoghadbeentrainedforthreeweekstositwhenitsmelledcancer.Ninety-ninepercentofthetime,thedogsatnexttothetubesblownintobypatientswithlungcancer.Thedogswereright88percentofthetimeaboutbreastcancer.DogsinthePineStreetFoundationtestweretrainedtositwhentheysmelledcancer.Howwelldidtheyperform？Takealookatthischarttofindout.BreathSampleNumberofTimestheDogsSatDownNumberofTimestheDogsKeptStandingBreathfromlungcancerpatients56410Breathfromhealthypersons4720Nolabtestforcancerhasgivenmorecorrectresultsthanthistest.Theresultsaresoamazingthatmanyexpertsquestionthedogs'smellingpower.Theywonderiftherewereotherreasonswhythedogsdidsowell.Forexample,theythoughtthewaythedogtrainersbehavedcouldhaveinfluencedhowthedogsacted.However,mostexpertsagreethatthisstudyisimportant.Theinformationcouldhelpscientistscreateasimplebreathtestforcancerinthefuture.Onceagainhumansmaybegettingahelpingpawornose-fromtheirbestanimalfriends.What'sthelatesttooladogmighthaveinthefightagainstcancer？______A.Tooth. B.Nose. C.Ear.WhathappenedfirstinthePineStreetFoundationtest？______A.Thedogsweretrained.

B.Thetubeswereplacedoneyardapart.

C.Thedogssmelledthetubes.Whatwasadogsupposedtodowhenitsmelledcancer？______A.Smellagain. B.Turnaround. C.Sitdown.Lookatthechart.Howmanytimesdidthedogskeepstandingwhentheysmelledthebreathfromhealthypersons？______A.Lessthan10times. B.Almost600times.

C.About700times. Whydomanyexpertsquestionthedog'ssmellingpower？______A.Becausenolabtestforcancerhasgivenmorecorrectresults.

B.Becausethedogtrainersinfluencedhowthedogsacted.

C.Becausetheydon'tthinkthisstudyisimportant.EWhatdoyoudowithyourrubbish？Throwitout？Youdon'tknowwhatyou'remissing!Lookcloselyatthetwofiguresonyourleft.Theyweremadefromthingsmostpeoplethrowaway.Thefiguresweremadefromusedbottlecaps.Thosetwobottle-capfigureswereexhibited（展示）inamuseum.

Folkartisartmadebycommonpeoplewhohavenotbeentrainedasartists.Theirworkisoftenbasedontraditionsintheirculture.Fineart,ontheotherhand,isusuallymadebypeoplewhohavehadtraininginart.Worksoffineartarevaluedfortheirartisticbeauty.Theyaresupposedtobelookedatbutnotused.Worksoffolkart,however,areoftenmadeforeverydayuse.

Thereweremorethan800piecesoffolkartfromnearly50countriesintheexhibition.Allofthepiecesweremadefromusedmetal,wood,cloth,andplastic.Theartistscomefrommanydifferentcultures.Still,theyallshareonething.Theytakeobjectsthatarenormallythrownawayandchangethemintoobjectsthatarebeautiful,useful,andfun.Theartistsmaynotthinkofwhattheydoasrecycling,butthat'sexactlywhatitis.Fineartistsmightworkwithexpensivematerials.Theymightuseexpensivetoolstoshapethesematerialsintoworksofart.Ontheotherhand,inpoorcountriesrubbishmightbetheonlymaterialfolkartistsandtoymakerscanafford.Theexhibitionshowsthatarichimaginationisveryimportantwhenthereareonlypoormaterials.Recycledartbeganlongbeforepeoplebegantothinkaboutrecycling.Someoftheobjectsintheexhibitiondatefromthe1930s.

Evenifyoudon'tcreateartoutofrubbish,it'sgoodtosaveournaturalresources.Rememberthethreerules：reduce,reuse,recycle.Ifyoureducewaste,truethingsinsteadofthrowingthemout,andrecyclematerialssuchaspaper,plastic,andglass,youwillprotecttheenvironment.Whichideabelongsintheemptybox？______Conclusion（结论）DetailsArtbasedonculturaltraditionsArtmadeforeverydayuseArtmadewithusedmaterialsA.Folkartismadebypeoplewhoarenottrainedartists.

B.Theartistscomefrommanydifferentcultures.

C.Recycledartbeganlongbeforepeoplestartedrecycling.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3？______A.Therewasmorethan800piecesoffineart.

B.Folkartistscan'tshapeexpensivematerialsintoworksofart.

C.Poormaterialsalsocanbemadeintoworksofart.Whatisthesamethingofthepiecesintheexhibitionshare？______A.Theyareallwoksoffineart.

B.Theyareallmadefromusedmaterials.

C.Theyareallmadebythetrainedartists.Whatcanwedotoprotectourenvironment？______A.Throwawayusedmaterials. B.Onlyuseexpensivematerials.

C.Recyclematerials. Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage？______A.UsedBottleCaps B.TheArtofRecycling

C.AMuseumExhibition 三、任务型阅读-简答（本大题共2小题，共18.0分）Riceisoneofthemostcommonlyeatenbasicfoodsaroundtheworld.Buyingitandcookingitisadailymatter.Yetformany,itspresencehasbeenamatteroflifeanddeath.Itisamainfoodbecauseitiseasytogrow,besideslowcostandconvenience.Apoorcommunityinthedevelopingworldmayfinditdifficulttobringinforeignfruitsorraisecattleformeat,butitcanalmostcertainlyusethelandithasinordertogrowplentyofrice.

ThiswasthegreatachievementofYuanLongping,whopassedawayonMay22thisyear.AgreatChinesescientist,Yuansuccessfullydevelopedwhatisknownas"hybridrice"whichcanproduceupa30%higheroutput.YuanLongpingwasbornintheyear1930，atimewhenChinawasverydifferent.Itwasanation,withoutmodernindustry,dependingonthericewhichtheygrew.Thefirstfewdecades（十年）ofhislifeweremetwithmajorsocialevents,andarapidlygrowingpopulationthatmadefoodsupplynotlastallthetime.ThisexperienceleftitsmarkonYuanLongping,whichmadehimfocuson（关注）farmingscienceandworkonhisresearchofhybridrice.

HisachievementwouldseethericesupplyinChinaincreasingfrom56.9milliontonsin1950to194.7milliontonsby2017.By1991，20%oftheworld'sriceoutputcamefromhybridrice,evenifonlybeingplantedin10%offields.

Alwaysremember,humandevelopmentbeginsfirstwiththemostbasicandsamplethings,suchasdevelopingrice.WeshouldbethankfulforscientificthinkerslikeYuan.Whyisriceamainfoodaroundtheworld？______WhatdidYuandevelopsuccessfully？______WhenwasYuanLongpingborn？______WhatmadeYuanfocusonfarmingscience？______HowmanytonswasthericesupplyinChinaby2017？______阅读下面的短文，然后将划线部分的句子译成汉语或英语，并将答案填写在答题卡上对应题号的横线上。

TheroleofthedisabledinsocietyThe2022ParalympicWinterGameswillbeheldinBeijingandZhangjiakouinnorthChina'sHebeiprovince.

HostingtheParalympicGameswillhelpdrawattentiontotheneedforcountriestodomoretomakesureequalchancesforallpeopleinsociety.（1）Itisnecessarytorealizethegreatachievementswhicharemadebydisabledpeople.

（2）残疾人在中国的生活已经改善了很多，andmoreachievementsareexpectedtobeseenasthecountryhasbeenspeedinguptorealizethegoalofachieving"equality,participationandsharing,"asexpressedinthe2019WhitePaperonChina's70yearsofprogressindealingwiththeneedsofthedisabled.

（3）TheChinesegovernmentistryingtosolvetheneedsofthedisabledandprovidethemwithnewchances.Forexample,buildings,holds,publictransportandotherpublicplacesarebecomingmorewheelchairfriendly.

Modernmediaalsoplayanimportantroleineducatingthepublicabouttheneedsofthedisabledandalsochangingsociety'simageofthem,sothereisgreaterfocusontheirspecialabilitiesratherthanontheirabilities.

Infact,thesociety'smostdisabledpeopleprovideallofuswithimportantlessons.Theyshowusconfidence,creativityandpositivity.Theloserwillfail99timesandthengiveup.（4）要成功，你必须有耐心，永不放弃。Youmustalwayslearnfromyourfailures,andmoveon.

（1）______

（2）______

（3）______

（4）______四、信息匹配（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）5waystotrainyourbrainforbettersleepThedaysarelonger,fullofsunshineandbrightwiththepromiseofenjoyingamorerelaxingspringandsummerwithyourlovedones.Butifyouwanttoenjoyyourdaytime,it'stimetoimproveyoursleepduringthenight-time."Sleepproblemsendangerhealthandquality（质量）oflifeforupto45%oftheworld'spopulation,"accordingtotheWorldSleepSociety.

Sleepisoneofthethreekeystoahealthier,longerlife（theothersaredietandexercise）.（1）______.Herearethetopfivewaystoimproveyoursleepandgetsomezz's：

Createasleepnest

（2）______.Sciencetellsusthatwesleepbetterincoolertemperaturesofabout60to67degreesFahrenheit（15℃to20℃）.

Developaroutine

Setupabedtimeritualbytakingawarmbathorshower,readingabookorlisteningtosoftmusic.You'reteachingyourmindtorelax.Andsticktoit.Gotobedandgetupatthesametimeeachday,evenonweekendsoryourdaysoff.（3）______.

Cutthelights

Productionofthesleephormonemelatonin（荷尔蒙褪黑激素）beginsatdark.Researchhasfoundthatthebodywillsloworstopitwithlighton,togetawayfromanylight,eventhebluelightfromyourchargingsmartphone.

Refusethewine

Don'tturntowinetomakeyoucalmorhelpyousleep.（4）______.Yourbodyneedstoexperienceallthreestepsofsleep—lightsleep,dream,anddeepsleep—tofullyrepairitself.

（5）______.

Heavyandspicyfoodsmaygiveyouheartburnorotherdigestiveproblems,thusinfluencingyourabilitytogetandstayasleep.

Ifyoutrythesetipsandcan'tseemtorelax,oryoursleepcontinuestoworsen,besuretoreachouttoyourdoctororamentalhealthprofessional.

A.Thebodylikeroutine

B.Avoidheavyorhotfoods

C.Refusecoffeelaterintheday

D.Oneofthefirsttasksistosetupyoursleepenvironment

E.Winemayhelpyoufallasleep,butitholdsyouinthelightersleep

F.Manyofthewaystoincreasethequalityofyoursleepareeasytofollow

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F五、单句语法填空（本大题共10小题，共10.0分）Nowadays,bettermedicalcareandcleanerwaterhelppeoplelive______（long）.AttheveryheartofBeijing,thePalaceMuseumisChina'slargestofalltheancient______（building）.Peoplearoundtheworldareworkingon______（reduce）thecausesofglobalwarming.Hewhohasnotclimbed______GreatWallisnotatrueman.TheofficiallanguageofChinaisPutonghua,______theforeignersusuallycallitMandarin.Mid-AutumnFestivalisaspecialtimeforfamiliesanditis______onthe15thdayoftheeighthlunarmonth.ChairmanMaoonce______（say）thatwomencouldholduphalfthesky.China______（have）threemaintypesofteas：greentea,blackteaandwulong（atea,halfwaybetweenblackandgreentea）.MattewChimudziwantstostudyChinesesothathecanhaveagood______（communicate）withpeopleinChinaoneday.Whenitcomestomybirthdays,Iwouldliketoinvitemyfriends______（watch）amovie.六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共12.0分）每个人心中都有一个闪亮的名字，如张桂梅、钟南山、你的妈妈×××……假如你是李华，请给你的英国笔友Linda写一封电子邮件，介绍你心目中的一位英雄。

注意：

1）信中必须包含英雄的基本信息和主要事迹；

2）信中不得出现自己的校名和姓名；

3）80词左右（首段己给出，不计入总词数）。

DearLinda,

Howareyougettingon？I'mwritingthisemailtoshareastorywithyou.

_______________________

答案和解析1.【答案】【小题1】C【小题2】A【小题3】A【小题4】C【小题5】A【小题6】A【小题7】B【小题8】C【小题9】C【小题10】A

【解析】（1）C

动词辨析。A发邮件，B打电话，C碰面，根据后面we

can't

go

to

others'

homes不能去别人的家，及常识，可知也不能与别人见面，故答案是C。

（2）A

动词辨析。A钦佩，B喜欢，C想念，根据上文不能去别人的家，也不能与别人见面，这里应该是我们一直在家，但我钦佩那些每天冒着生命危险帮助我们保持健康和安全的医护人员。故答案是A。

（3）A

形容词辨析。A惊讶的，B兴奋的，C担心的，根据上句Coming

back

home

from

my

spring

vacation,I

got

news

that

school

is

closed

for

two

weeks.从我的春假回家，我得到消息说学校停课两周。应该是作为个孩子，很惊讶，故答案是A。

（4）C

名词辨析。A姐妹，B父亲，C妈妈，根据下文Watching

my

mother

（5）fever,cough,可知是妈妈病了，故答案是C。

（5）A

动词辨析。A继续，B站，C接受，根据Watching

my

mother

（5）fever,cough,and

shortness

of

breath

was

heartbreaking,应该是妈妈高烧不退（持续）...，故答案是A。

（6）A

名词辨析。A医生，B工人，C老师，根据后面who

knows

how

to

treat

COVID-19

patients知道如何治疗COVID-19

病人，可知是医生，故答案是A。

（7）B

动词辨析。A控制，B服务，C打扫，根据Not

only

he

was

taking

care

of

us,but

also

he

has

been

treating

patients

with

COVID-19

every

day

and

（7）the

community

selflessly.应该是他不仅照顾我们，而且每天都在治疗COVID-19患者，无私地为社区服务，故答案是B。

（8）C

名词辨析。A事故，B旅行，C经历，根据上文可知是这段经历教会我...，故答案是C。

（9）C

动词辨析。A问，B告诉，C教，根据上文这段经历教会我...，这里应该是爸爸教会我...，故答案是C。

（10）A

名词辨析。A光，B标志，C风，根据at

the

end

ofthe

channel

和上文父亲的故事，应该是隧道里的光，故答案是A。

文章介绍了作者在疫情封闭期间的一些经历。

考查完形填空。根据所给的短文对意思有所了解，然后根据短文的大体意思，选择每个符合题意的答案，使短文更通顺。

11.【答案】【小题1】C【小题2】A

【解析】细节理解题。

（1）C.根据第一段At

the

beginning

of

the

21st

century

China

had

no

high-speed

railways.Slow,crowded

and

often

uncomfortable

trains

ran

across

this

vast

country,with

low

average

speeds

making

journeys

such

as

Shanghai-Beijing

a

test

of

travel.可知在21世纪初，中国还没有高铁。在这个幅员辽阔的国家里，火车运行缓慢、拥挤，常常让人感到不舒服，平均速度较低，使得像上海到北京这样的旅行成为一种考验。故选C。

（2）A.根据第二段Half

of

that

total

has

been

completed

in

the

last

five

years

alone,with

a

further

3，700

kilometers

due

to

open

in

the

coming

months

of

2021.可知仅在过去5年里完成了一半，还有3700公里将在2021年的未来几个月开放。故选A。

本文主要讲了中国令人难以置信的高铁网络。

通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。

13.【答案】【小题1】A【小题2】B【小题3】B

【解析】（1）A.细节理解题。根据左表可知，41%对应的是5-9岁的孩子。故选A。

（2）B.细节理解题。根据右表可知，goonlinetogetnewsorinformation对应的是76%。故选B。

（3）B.细节理解题。根据右表可知，43%对应的内容是buythings...suchasbooks,clothing...可知，43%的孩子通常在网上买书。故选B。

本文是对不同年龄段的孩子上网所占比的介绍以及孩子们喜欢在网上做的事情的统计表。

做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意．其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。

16.【答案】【小题1】C【小题2】C【小题3】A【小题4】B【小题5】A

【解析】（1）C.细节推理题。根据第一段Can

a

green

machine

help

the

world's

poorest

kids

learn

better？Nicholas

Negroponte

thinks

so.一台绿色的机器会帮助世界的贫困儿童学习得更好吗？尼古拉斯尼葛洛庞帝是这么认为的，据此推断他认为他的笔记本电脑会帮助贫困儿童学得更好，故选C。

（2）C.细节理解题。根据第二段Then

they

sell

the

machines

to

governments

ofcountries

that

have

many

people

live

in

poverty.可知然后他们把这些机器卖给那些有很多人生活在贫困中的国家的政府。故选C。

（3）A.细节理解题。根据第三段In

order

to

work,the

laptops

have

to

be

lasting

and

student-friendly.可知为了运行，这种笔记本必须持久且对学生友好，因此可知它有趣的原因是持久且对学生友好，故选A。

（4）B.词义猜测题。根据第五段It

can

be

hand

charged

and

also

can

be

recharged

by

connecting

to

a

solar

panel.可知可以连接太阳能，因此判断连接太阳能是为了充电，因此猜测划线单词的含义为充电，故选B。

（5）A.细节理解题。根据最后一段Kids

in

Thailand,Nigeria,Brazil,and

Argentina

will

get

most

of

them.可知在泰国、尼日利亚、巴西和阿根廷的孩子将会获得最多，故选A。

本文主要介绍了尼古拉斯尼葛洛庞帝和他的科学家团队发明新型计算机以帮助贫困地区的学生。

通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。

21.【答案】【小题1】B【小题2】A【小题3】C【小题4】C【小题5】B

【解析】细节理解题。

（1）B.根据第一段Dogs

might

have

the

latest

tools

in

the

fight

against

cancer

（癌症）：their

noses!狗可能拥有对抗癌症的最新工具：他们的鼻子!故选B。

（2）A.根据第三段Each

dog

hadbeen

trained

for

three

weeks

to

sit

when

it

smelled

cancer.在闻癌症的时候每只狗已经训练了三个星期，可知做测试首先对狗进行了训练，故选A。

（3）C.根据DogsinthePineStreetFoundationtestweretrainedtositwhentheysmelledcancer.可知在松树街基金会测试中当闻到癌症后狗被训练坐下，可知当狗闻到癌症的时候应该坐下，故选C。

（4）C.根据表格720可知闻到健康的人狗站起来的数量是720次，即大约700次，故选C。

（5）B.根据最后一段The

results

are

so

amazing

that

many

experts

question

the

dogs'

smelling

power.They

wonder

if

there

were

other

reasons

why

the

dogs

did

so

well.For

example,they

thought

the

way

the

dog

trainers

behaved

could

have

influenced

how

the

dogs

acted.结果如此惊人，以至于许多专家质疑狗的嗅觉能力。他们想知道狗的表现如此出色是否还有其他原因。例如，他们认为训狗师的行为可能会影响狗的行为。可知很多专家质疑狗的嗅觉能力因为训狗师影响了狗的表现，故选B。

本文主要讲了狗可以通过闻来辨别癌症的测试。

通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。

26.【答案】【小题1】C【小题2】C【小题3】A【小题4】C【小题5】B

【解析】（1）C.推理判断题。根据第三段On

the

other

hand,in

poor

countries

rubbish

might

be

the

only

material

folk

artists

and

toy

makers

can

afford.The

exhibition

shows

that

a

rich

imagination

is

very

important

when

there

are

only

poor

materials.Recycled

art

began

long

before

people

began

to

think

about

recycling.Some

of

the

objects

in

the

exhibition

date

from

the

1930s.可知，这里主要是介绍回收艺术的情况。故选C。

（2）C.推理判断题。根据第三段They

take

objects

that

are

normally

thrown

away

and

change

them

into

objects

that

are

beautiful,useful,and

fun.The

artists

may

not

think

of

what

they

do

as

recycling,but

that's

exactly

what

it

is.Fine

artists

might

work

with

expensive

materials.可知，劣质材料也可以成为艺术品。故选C。

（3）A.细节理解题。根据第三段Still,they

all

share

one

thing.They

take

objects

that

are

normally

thrown

away

and

change

them

into

objects

that

are

beautiful,useful,and

fun.可知，展览分享中的作品都是精美的艺术品。故选A。

（4）C.细节理解题。根据最后一段If

you

reduce

waste,true

things

instead

of

throwing

them

out,and

recycle

materials

such

as

paper,plastic,and

glass,you

will

protect

the

environment.可知，回收材料对保护环境有好处。故选C。

（5）B.标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了废旧物品作品展览，呼吁人们对垃圾进行回收利用如何变垃圾为宝藏。B项"回收的艺术"最为恰当。故选B。

文章主要呼吁人们对垃圾进行回收利用如何变垃圾为宝藏。

首先要通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文，核对答案。

31.【答案】【小题1】It

is

a

main

food

because

it

is

easy

to

grow,besides

low

cost

and

convenience.【小题2】He

developed

hybrid

rice

successfully.【小题3】He

was

born

in

the

year

1930.【小题4】The

rapidly

growing

population

that

made

food

supply

not

last

all

the

time.【小题5】194.7

million

tons.

【解析】细节理解题。

（1）It

is

a

main

food

because

it

is

easy

to

grow,besides

low

cost

and

convenience.根据"It

is

a

main

food

because

it

is

easy

to

grow,besides

low

cost

and

convenience.它是一种主要的食物，因为它很容易种植，而且成本低、方便。"可知它是一种主要的食物，因为它很容易种植，而且成本低、方便。故答案为It

is

a

main

food

because

it

is

easy

to

grow,besides

low

cost

and

convenience.

（2）He

developed

hybrid

rice

successfully.根据"A

great

Chinese

scientist,Yuan

successfully

developed

what

is

known

as

"hybrid

rice"

袁隆平是一位伟大的中国科学家，他成功地研制出了一种被称为"杂交水稻"的作物，"可知他成功地培育了杂交水稻。故答案为He

developed

hybrid

rice

successfully.

（3）He

was

born

in

the

year

1930.根据"Yuan

Longping

was

born

in

the

year

1930，袁隆平出生于1930年，"可知他生于1930年。故答案为He

was

born

in

the

year

1930.

（4）The

rapidly

growing

population

that

made

food

supply

not

last

all

the

time.根据"

a

rapidly

growing

population

that

made

food

supply

not

last

all

the

time.人口的迅速增长使得食物供应不能一直持续下去。"可知快速增长的人口使得食物供应不能一直持续下去。故答案为The

rapidly

growing

population

that

made

food

supply

not

last

all

the

time.

（5）194.7

million

tons.根据"His

achievement

would

see

the

rice

supply

in

China

increasing

from

56.9

million

tons

in1950

to

194.7

million

tons

by

2017.他的成就将使中国的水稻供应量从1950年的5690万吨增加到2017年的19470万吨。"可知到2017年，中国的大米供应量是1.947亿吨。故答案为194.7

million

tons.

短文讲了米饭是全世界最常吃的基本食物之一，详细地介绍了袁隆平发明的"杂交水稻"，及其对世界的贡献。

做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。

32.【答案】【小题1】实现残疾人的伟大成就是很有必要的。【小题2】ThelifeofthedisabledinChinahasimprovedalot.【小题3】中国政府正在努力解决残疾人的需要，为他们提供新的机会。【小题4】Tosucceed,youmustbepatientandnevergiveup.

【解析】（1）实现残疾人的伟大成就是很有必要的。英译汉。it"它"，形式主语；isnecessary"必要的"；torealizethegreatachievement"实现伟大成就"，真正的主语；whicharemadebydisabledpeople"被残疾人创造"，定语从句，修饰名词thegreatachievement。故填：实现残疾人的伟大成就是很有必要的。

（2）ThelifeofthedisabledinChinahasimprovedalot.汉译英。残疾人在中国的生活：thelifeof

thedisabledinChina；改善：improve；很多：alot。结合语境，此句应用现在完成时（have/hasdone）；主语"thelifeof

thedisabledinChina"是第三人称单数形式，故助动词应用has；improve的过去分词是improved。故填：ThelifeofthedisabledinChinahasimprovedalot.

（3）中国政府正在努力解决残疾人的需要，为他们提供新的机会。英译汉。theChinesegovernment"中国政府"；istryingtosolvetheneedsofthedisabled"正在努力解决残疾人的需要"；andprovidethemwithnewchances"给他们提供新的机会"。故填：中国政府正在努力解决残疾人的需要，为他们提供新的机会。

（4）Tosucceed,youmustbepatientandnevergiveup.汉译英。成功：succeed；你：you；必须有耐心：mustbepatient；永不放弃：nevergiveup。根据句意，此句可以用动词不定式作目的状语，置于句首。故填：Tosucceed,youmustbepatientandnevergiveup.

本文主要讲述了残疾人在社会中的作用。

翻译题，先把句中的关键词逐一翻译，最后根据汉语语言习惯来翻译整个句子．

33.【答案】【小题1】F【小题2】D【小题3】A【小题4】E【小题5】B

【解析】细节推理题。

（1）F

.根据后句"Here

are

the

top

five

ways

to

improve

your

sleep

and

get

some

zz's：以下是改善睡眠的五大方法："可知说的是改善睡眠的方法，结合选项，应说很多提高睡眠质量的方法都很容易遵循。故选F。

（2）D.根据后句"Science

tells

us

that

we

sleep

better

in

cooler

temperatures

of

about

60

to

67

degrees

Fahrenheit（15℃to

20℃）.科学告诉我们，在60到67华氏度（15摄氏度到20摄氏度）的低温下，我们的睡眠会更好。"可知说的是睡眠环境，结合选项，应说首要任务之一就是建立你的睡眠环境。故选D。

（3）A

.根据前句"Go

to

bed

and

get

up

at

the

same

time

each

day,even

on

weekends

or

your

days

off.每天同一时间睡觉和起床，即使是在周末或休息日。"可知说的是养成习惯，结合选项，应说身体就像例行公事。故选A。

（4）E

.根据前句"Refuse

the

wine"可知拒绝喝酒，结合选项，应说葡萄酒可能会帮助你入睡，但它会让你进入较浅的睡眠状态。故选E。

（5）B

.根据后句Heavy

and

spicy

foods

may

give

you

heartburn

or

other

digestive

problems,thus

influencing

your

ability

to

get

and

stay

asleep.辛辣的食物可能会让你胃灼热或其他消化问题，从而影响你的能力得到和保持睡眠。"可知说的是食物，结合选项，应说避免油腻或热的食物。故选B。

短文讲了睡眠是健康长寿的三大关键之一，详细地介绍了改善睡眠的五大方法。

做题时结合原文和题目有针对性找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断也是要在抓住关键