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考研历年英二真题阅读文
考研历年英二真题阅读文1
Text3
Thepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthe
digitaleconomyisastonishing-Amazonhasjust
announcedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychain
WholeFoodsfor$13.5bn,buttwoyearsagoFacebook
paidevenmorethanthattoacquiretheWhatsApp
messagingservice,whichdoesn'thaveanyphysical
productatall.WhatWhatsAppofferedFacebookwasan
intricateandfinelydetailedwebofitsusers'
friendshipsandsociallives.
FacebookpromisedtheEuropeanmissionthenthat
itwouldnotlinkphonenumberstoFacebook
identities,butitbrokethepromisealmostassoon
asthedealwentthrough.Evenwithoutknowingwhat
wasinthemessages,theknowledgeofwhosentthem
andtowhomwasenormouslyrevealingandstillcould
be.Whatpoliticaljournalist,whatpartywhip,would
notwanttoknowthemakeupoftheWhatsAppgroupsin
whichThereaMay'senemiesarecurrentlyplotting?It
maybethatthevalueofWholeFoodstoAmazonisnot
somuchthe460shopsitowns,buttherecordsof
whichcustomershavepurchasedwhat.
Competitionlawappearstobetheonlywayto
addresstheseimbalancesofpower.Butitisclumsy.
Foronething,itisveryslowparedtothepaceof
Changewithinthedigitaleconomy.Bythetimea
problemhasbeenaddressedandremedieditmayhave
vanishedinthemarketplace,tobereplacedbynew
abusesofpower.Butthereisadeeperconceptual
problem,too.Competitionlawaspresently
interpreteddealswithfinancialdisadvantageto
consumersandthisisnotobviouswhentheusersof
theseservicesdon*tpayforthem.Theusersoftheir
Servicesarenottheircustomers.Thatwouldbethe
peoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem-andFacebookand
Google,thetwovirtualgiants,dominatedigital
advertisingtothedisadvantageofallothermedia
andentertainmentpanies.
Theproductthey'resellingisdata,andwe,the
users,convertourlivestodateforthebenefitof
thedigitalgiants.Justassomeantsfarmthebugs
calledaphidsforthehoneydewtheproducewhenthey
feed,soGooglefarmsusforthedatathatour
digitallivesyield.Antskeeppredatoryinsectsaway
fromwheretheiraphidsfeed;Gmailkeepsthespamme
outofourinboxes.Itdoesn*tfeellikeahumanor
democraticrelationship,evenifbothsidesbenefit.
31.AccordingtoParagraph1,Facebookacquired
WhatsAppforits.
[A]digitalproducts
[B]userinformation
[C]physicalassets
[D]qualityservice
32.LinkingphonenumberstoFacebookidentities
may.
[A]worsenpoliticaldisputes
[B]messupcustomerrecords
[C]posearisktoFacebookusers
[D]misleadtheEuropeanmission
33.Accordingtotheauthor,petitionlaw.
[A]shouldseverthenewmarketpowers
[B]mayworsentheeconomicimbalance
[C]shouldnotprovidejustonelegalsolution
[D]cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket
34.Competitionlawaspresentlyinterpretedcan
hardlyprotectFacebookusersbecause.
[A]theyarenotdefinedascustomers
[B]theyarenotfinanciallyreliable
[C]theservicesaregenerallydigital
[D]theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers
35.Theantsanalogyisusedtoillustrate.
[A]awin-winbusinessmodelbetweendigital
giants
[B]atypicalpetitionpatternamongdigital
giants
[C]thebenefitsprovidedfordigital
giants'customers
[D]therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsand
theirusers
考研历年英二真题阅读文2
Text3
Evenintraditionaloffices,"thelinguafrancaof
corporateAmericahasgottenmuchmoreemotionaland
muchmoreright-brainedthanitwas20yearsago,"
saidHarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorNancyKoehn
Shestartedspinningoffexamples."IfyouandIpa
rachutedbacktoFortune500paniesin1990,wewould
seemuchlessfrequentuseoftermslikeJourney,
mission,passion.Thereweregoals,therewere
strategies,therewereobjectives,butwedidn'ttalk
aboutenergy;wedidn*ttalkaboutpassion.”
Koehnpointedoutthatthisneweraofcorporate
vocabularyisvery"team"-oriented-andnotby
coincidence."Let'snotforgetsDorts-inmale-
dominatedcorporateAmerica,it'sstillabigdeal.
It'snotexplicitlyconscious;it'stheideathatI'm
acoach,andyou'remyteam,andwe*reinthis
togethec.TherearelotsandlotsofCEOsinvery
differentpanies,butmostthinkofthemselvesas
coachesandthisistheirteamandtheywanttowin'1.
Thesetermsarealsointendedtoinfuseworkwith
meaning-and,asKhuranapointsout,increase
allegiancetothefirm."Youhavetheimportationof
terminologythathistoricallyusedtobeassociated
withnon-profitorganizationsandreligious
organizations:Termslikevision,values,passion,
andpurpose,"saidKhurana
Thisnewfocusonpersonalfulfillmentcanhelp
keepemployeesmotivatedamidincreasinglyloud
debatesoverwork-lifebalanceThenmommywars"of
the1990sarestillgoingontoday,prompting
argumentsaboutwhywomenstillcan'thaveitalland
bookslikeSherylSandberg'sLeanIn,whosetitlehas
beeabuzzwordinitsownright.Termslikeunplug,
offline,life-hack,bandwidth,andcapacityareall
aboutsettingboundariesbetweentheofficeandthe
homeButifyourworkisyour"passion,"you'IIbe
morelikelytodevoteyourselftoit,evenifthat
meansgoinghomefordinnerandthenworkinglong
afterthekidsareinbed
Butthisseemstobetheironyofofficespeak:
Everyonemakesfunofit,butmanagersloveit,
paniesdependonit,andregularpeoplewillingly
absorbitAsNunbergsaid,"Youcangetpeopleto
thinkit'snonsenseatthesametimethatyoubuyinto
it.nInaworkplacethat'sfundamentallyindifferent
toyourlifeanditsmeaningofficespeakcanhelpyou
figureouthowyourelatetoyourwork-andhowyour
workdefineswhoyouare
31.AccordingtoNancyKoehn,officelanguagehas
bee________
[A]moreemotional
[B]moreobjective
[C]lessenergetic
[D]lessenergetic
[E]lessstrategic
32."team"-orientedcorporatevocabularyisclosely
relatedto
[A]historicalincidents
[B]genderdifference
[C]sportsculture
[D]athleticexecutives
33.Khuranabelievesthattheimportationof
terminologyaimsto
[A]revivehistoricalterms
[B]promotepanyimage
[C]fostercorporatecooperation
[D]strengthenemployeeloyalty-
34.ItcanbeinferredthatLeanIn
[A]voicesforworkingwomen
[B]appealstopassionateworkaholics
[C]triggersdebatesamongmommies
[Dipraisesmotivatedemployees
35.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabout
officespeak?
[A]Managersadmireitbutavoidit
[B]Linguistsbelieveittobenonsense
[C]Companiesfindittobefundamental
[D]Regularpeoplemockitbutacceptit
考研历年英二真题阅读文3
Text3
Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughweareprone
tosnapoverreactions,ifwetakeamomentandthink
abouthowwearelikelytoreact,wecanreduceor
eveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquick,
hard-wiredresponses.
Snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefensemechanisms;
ifwearejudgingwhethersomeoneisdangerous,our
brainsandbodiesarehard-wiredtoreactvery
quickly,withinmilliseconds.Butweneedmoretime
toassessotherfactors.Toaccuratelytellwhether
someoneissociable,studiesshow,weneedatleasta
minute,preferablyfive.Ittakesawhiletojudge
plexaspectsofpersonality,likeneuroticismor
open-mindedness.
Butsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapidstimuli
aren,texclusivetotheinterpersonalrealm.
PsychologistsattheUniversityofTorontofoundthat
viewingafast-foodlogoforjustafewmilliseconds
primesustoread20percentfaster,eventhough
readinghaslittletodowitheating.We
unconsciouslyassociatefastfoodwithspeedand
impatienceandcarrythoseimpulsesintowhatever
elsewe'redoing,Subjectsexposedtofast-food
flashesalsotendtothinkamusicalpiecelaststoo
long.
Yetwecanreversesuchinfluences.Ifweknowwe
willoverreacttoconsumerproductsorhousing
optionswhenweseeahappyface(onereasongood
salesrepresentativesandrealestateagentsare
alwayssmiling),wecantakeamomentbeforebuying.
Ifweknowfemalejobscreenersaremorelikelyto
rejectattractivefemaleapplicants,wecanhelp
screenersunderstandtheirbiases-orhireoutside
screeners.
JohnGottman,themarriageexpert,explainsthat
wequickly“thinslice“informationreliablyonly
afterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsin“thick
sliced“long-termstudy.WhenDr.Gottmanreally
wantstoassesswhetheracouplewillstaytogether,
heinvitesthemtohisislandretreatforamuck
longerevaluation;twodays,nottwoseconds.
Ourabilitytomuteourhard-wiredreactionsby
pausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfromanimals:doge
canthinkaboutthefutureonlyintermittentlyorfor
afewminutes.Buthistoricallywehavespentabout
12percentofourdayscontemplatingthelongerterm.
Althoughtechnologymightchangethewaywereact,it
hasn'tchangedournature.Westillhavethe
imaginativecapacitytoriseabovetemptationand
reversethehigh-speedtrend.
31.Thetimeneededinmakingdecisionsmay.
[A]varyaccordingtotheurgencyofthesituation
[B]provetheplexityofourbrainreaction
[C]dependontheimportanceoftheassessment
[D]predeterminetheaccuracyofourjudgment
32.Ourreactiontoafast-foodlogoshowsthat
snaodecisions.
[A]canbeassociative
[B]arenotunconscious
[C]canbedangerous
[D]arenotimpulsive
33.Toreversethenegativeinfluencesofsnap
decisions,weshould.
[A]trustourfirstimpression
[B]doaspeopleusuallydo
[C]thinkbeforeweact
[D]askforexpertadvice
34.JohnGottmansaysthatreliablesnapreaction
arebasedon.
[A]criticalassessment
[B]''thinsliced''study
[C]sensibleexplanation
[D]adequateinformation
35.Theauthor'sattitudetowardreversingthe
high-speedtrendis.
[A]tolerant
[B]uncertain
EC]optimistic
[D]doubtful
考研历年英二真题阅读文4
Text4
Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructure
contributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyon
roads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingis
seldommentioned.
Whyisthat?Tosomeextentthehousingsector
mustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodat
munieatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontribute
toeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthe
typicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshovefor
attentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructure
project,soitisinevitablethattheattentionis
focusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificant
reasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeenso
politicallycharged.
Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationis
desperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwe
aresimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.
Theprehensivespendingreviewoffersan
opportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.
Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideand
takesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.
Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingto
dojustthat.Themunitiesminister,DonFoster,has
hintedthatGeorgeOsborne,Chancellorofthe
Exchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothe
currentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescan
borrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidence
showsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltover
thenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,
increasingGDPby0.6%.
Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreater
certaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhave
asignificantimpactontheabilityofregistered
providerstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.
Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.While
thesemeasureswouldbeweleintheshortterm,we
mustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting?4.5bn
programmeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,
settoexpirein20XX,isunlikelytobeextended
beyondthen.TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannounced
thatitwillretainalargepartof
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