加拿大猪改良方案

The Canadian Swine Improvement Program加拿大猪改良方案Dr. Pramod K. MathurChief GeneticistCanadian Centre for Swine Improvement (CCSI)Presentation Road Map目录l Swine industry in Canada 加拿大的养猪业l Program structure 计划结构l Genetic Improvement 遗传改良l Research and development 研究和发展The Swine Industry in Canada加拿大的养猪业 32 million hogs marketed in 2004 2004年上市三千二百万头 Over 15,000 farms 一万五千多个猪场 5.7 million hogs and weaner pigs exported live 出口肉猪和断奶仔猪五百七十万头 $ 2.2 billion pork exports (US, Japan, Australia, Korea, New Zealand, Mexico, etc.) 出口额 22亿美元 (美国 , 日本 , 澳大利亚 , 朝鲜 , 新西兰 , 墨西哥等 ) Intensive production systems 集约化养猪体系 Grading system encourages leaner hogs 分级体系促进了瘦肉率的提高Canadian Swine Industryl Solid reputation world wide 在全世界拥有较高的信誉l Superior quality and health status 品质好 ,健康状况佳l 20 % of the pork exported in the world comes from Canada 占世界出口市场的 20%l Domestically a major industry sector in agriculture 是国内农业的支柱产业l 33% of the agricultural trade surplus 农业顺差的 33%来自养猪业Structure of the industry养猪业的结构RetailProcessingProductionMultiplicationBreedingGene flow基因流动基因流动 核心群Informationflow信息流动信息流动繁育群生产群加工零售120 HERDS1畜群 9,400 NUCLEUS SOWS头核心母猪 90,000 PIGS/YEAR头猪 /年 Western Swine Testing Association西方猪测试协会(WSTA)Ontario Swine Improvement Inc.渥太华 猪改良公司 (OSI) Canadian Centre for Swine Improvement加拿大猪改良中心 (CCSI)Centre de développement du porc du Québec魁北克猪改良中心(CDPQ)4,600 YORKSHIRE约克夏3,000 LANDRACE长白猪 1,800 DUROC杜洛克猪 The Canadian Swine Improvement Program加拿大猪改良计划Atlantic Swine Centre (ASC)大西洋猪中心2 herds Member Organizations成员组织Atlantic Swine Centre大西洋猪中心Canadian Meat CouncilCCSI魁北克猪改良中心加拿大肉类协会加拿大养猪协会Co-operation with China与中国的合作l Through: Ministry of Agriculture (MOA)农业部China-Canada Lean Swine project (CIDA) 中国瘦肉型猪项目Canadian Embassy 驻华大使Training course on Swine Genetic Improvement猪遗传改良的培训l Consultations on development of swine genetic improvement program for China 为中国猪遗传改良制订发展计划l Swine genetics seminars猪遗传学专题讨论会Collaborations with U.S.A与美国的合作l National Swine Improvement Federation 国家猪改良协会l National Swine Registry 国家猪登记l Iowa State University爱 荷 华 州 立大学l Purdue University 普渡大学Next NSIF meeting hosted by CCSI : December 1-2, Ottawa下次会议将由 CCSI举办 : 12月 1-2日 , 渥太华Selection Objectives In Canada加拿大的选择目标l Efficiency of production 生产效率(growth 生长 , feed efficiency 饲料转化率 , physical soundness 健康状况 )l Quality of product 产品质量(lean yield 瘦肉量 , carcass and meat quality胴体和肉质 )l Efficiency of reproduction繁殖率(litter size 窝产仔数 , farrowing interval 产仔间隔 , longevity 生产寿命 )l High health and traceability 健康 , 可追溯Common Crossbreeding Systems with three breeds常用的三品种杂交Yorkshire LandraceDurocboarsF1 sowsMarket Hogs商品猪约克夏 长白猪杜洛克公猪Certificate of Registration l CSBA logol Unique CLRC Registration numberl Pig ID ABCD 5623N Herd of origin: ABCD Pig number: 5623 Year of birth: N Matches ear tattool Three generations of pedigreel Logo of Canadian Centre for Swine Improvement (CCSI)Some key features 一些关键特点l Home test 现场测定l Station test 测定站测定l National database 国家数据库l Genetic evaluations 遗传评估l Database tools 数据库工具l Training and consultingfor genetic improvement遗传改良的培训的咨询Services to international clients为国际客户服务National database国家数据库l30 years of historical data 三十年的数据lDetailed performance records on 3 million pigs 有三百万头猪的详细记录lWeb-based tools for different purposes, e.g. data transfer, EBV report, selection decision, mating planning etc. 有基于网络的为不同目的服务的工具 , 如数据传输 , EBV报告 , 选择决策 , 配种计划等Genetic evaluation program遗传评估方案l Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) for genetic evaluation 用最佳线性无偏预测 (BLUP)进行遗传评估l Data from about 120 herds in across-herd evaluations 有来自 120个场的杂交群评估数据l Instant across-herd EBV at probing 测定后的快速跨场 EBVl Internet support 互联网支持Genetic Evaluations遗传评估l Routine evaluations:日常评估 Age to market 上市年龄 Backfat thickness at market wt.上市体重的背膘厚 Lean yield 瘦肉量 Loin eye area 眼肌面积 Loin muscle depth 眼肌深 Feed conversion 料肉比 Litter size 窝产仔数l New evaluations:新的评估 Piglet survival 仔猪存活 Meat quality 肉质 Colour 肉色 Marbling 大理石纹 pH(24) 最终酸度 Drip loss 滴水损失 Conformation 体型 Feet and legs 肢蹄结实度 Toes 脚趾 Number of teats 奶头数National standards and accreditation国家标准和鉴定Recording and improvementof meat quality肉质的记录和改良Producers生产者 Breeders育种者CCSILRCDelivery Structure传递结构CANADIAN CENTREFOR SWINE IMPROVEMENT加拿大猪改良中心 National Standards国家标准 National EBV国家 EBVPROVINCIAL/REGIONALIMPROVEMENTCENTRES省 /地区的改良中心SWINE BREEDERS育种工作者EBV DATAEBV DATA Data capture by provincial technicians数据由各省技术员收集 On-farm EBVs 现场测定Genetic Improvement遗传改良Connectedness Rating (CR)联系率Sow Productivity母猪生产率CR平均Genetic improvement窝产仔数的遗传改良总产仔数/窝产仔年份Genetic improvement100kg活重的背膘厚Genetic Improvementfor Commercial Producers (last 5 years)商品群的遗传改良 (最近五年 )Traits性状 Genetic gain遗传进展 CAD/sowLitter size (pigs)总产仔数 1.0 54.35Lean yield (%)瘦肉量 0.7 18.05Growth rate (days)生长速度 7.5 44.55Feed Conversion (kg/kg)料肉比 0.11 45.45Total over 5 years合计 162.40* Duroc sires, Yorkshire X Landrace sows, 20 pigs/sow/yearResearch and Development研究和发展Major Research Interests领域主要研究选择策略数量遗传学方法分子遗传学遗传学的最佳利用Integration of molecular genetics与分子遗传学的结合l Co-ordination of research efforts for the industry 养猪生产研究的协调l Identification of industry needs 鉴别养猪生产的真正需要l Tests for specific major gene 特定主基因的测验l National DNA Bank 国家 DNA 库l Collaborations around the world 与世界各地的合作Research AndDevelopmentSelectionStrategiesQuantitativeMethodsMolecularGeneticsOptimum use of Genetics Lean meat %Number数量Offspring of non selected boar for BETTERgen® muscle+Offspring of the homozygous boar for BETTERgen® muscle+Source : Nadine Buys (2003)Less variation变异较小Higher average lean yield比平均产肉量高More lean meat and more uniformity更多瘦肉和更一致Use of paternal imprinting:leaner market hogs from fatter dams利用父本印迹 : 使较肥的母猪产较多的瘦肉Homozygous Lean Boar纯合瘦肉型公猪IGF2 +/+Market hogs100% (+/) : LeanFat dam肥母猪IGF2 -/-There is no effect of the dams genotype due to paternal imprinting 由于你本印迹 , 纯净 纯净基因型没有任何效应For Body condition,体况 ,fertility繁殖力 , longevity生产寿命etc.商品猪Disease resistance抗病力l New in-vitro Swine Disease Resistance (SDR) test 新外源猪病抵抗力测验l Test for immune status with a drop of blood 用一滴血测验免疫状况l No inoculation required 不需要接种l Known QTL region 已知 QTL区域