初一上学期英语笔记

Starter Units 1-31How are you? 用于朋友间的问候 How do you do? 用于初次见面2.Whats this in English? Its a/an3.in+语言：用何种语言。4.an用在以元音音标开头的可数名词或字母之前：an egg/apple/orange/uncle/hour a 用在以辅音音标开头的可数名词或字母之前：a pen/useful book e.g.:There is an “m” and an“a”in the word “man”an:a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x, a:b,c,d,g,j,k,p,q,t,u,w,v,y,z,5.如何描述一件物品：Its a/an+颜色+物品=The 物品is+颜色。 Unit 11. be动词的用法：I用am， You用are，Is连着他.她.它，单数用is，复数名词要用are.2. 形容词性物主代词:后面一定要跟名词。我的My,你的Your，你们的Your他的his,她的her,它的its;他/她/它们的their，我们的our。3. 人称代词：放在动词前或句首做主语。我I,你You，他He,她She,它It,我们We，你们You，他/她/它们They；4. 中文名：姓氏在前，名字在后。 英文名：名字在前，姓氏在后，有些中间还有中间名。J：名字：first name=given name. 姓氏: last name=family name. 中间名：middle name.6.Chinese name=last name+first name English name=first name+middle name+last name7.Mr/Mrs/Miss+姓氏（last name） The+姓氏复数：表示一家人或夫妇俩，是复数概念。Dear Edward, Im so happy to be your penpal.My name is kelly.Im from Dongguan.I live in Xiangyang Road.I study in middle school.I am in Grade 1.I like playing basketball and swimming.I like pop music. Yours, Kelly重点短语(Unit 1) Nice to meet you. 很高兴认识你。 answer the question. 回答问题。 telephone number. 电话号码。 last name=family name. 姓氏。 first name=given name. 名字。 ID card. 省份证。 Whats your name? 你叫什么名字？ His name is Tony. 他的名字叫Tony。 Her phone number is 1234. 他的电话号码是1234。 Me(Unit 1) My name is Jack. Im a boy.Im 12 years old.Im tall and strong.My favourite colrs are black and white.I like chicken and tomatoes very much.Because they are tasty.My favourite subject is English.Because it is fun. I like listening to music and reading books. I like playing basketball,too.My best friend is Tom.We are classmates.I like my new school.Because it is big and beautiful. Unit 21. 指示代词：this表示“这个”，that表示“那个”，是单数概念。 these 表示“这些”，those表示“那些”，是复数概念。（1） 在回答this或that时用it来代替，回答these或those时用they来代替。（2） 在介绍他人时用This is（3） 在电话用语中，称自己为this,称对方为that。2. 一般疑问句：带有Be动词的要把Be动词放句首，用Yes或No来回答。特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词前加一般疑问句。3. 形容词性物主代词：My,Our,Your,Your,His,Her,Its,Their.后面一定要跟名词。名词性物主代词：Mine,Ours,Yours,Yours,His, Hers,Its,Theirs.后面不能跟名词。4人称代词主格:I,We,You,You,He,She,It,They.在句中做主语，放在动词前面或句子开头人称代词宾格：Me,Us, You,You,Him,Her,It,Them. 在句中做宾语，放在动词或介词后面。5.Call sb at(打某个电话号码给某人)6.in the lost and found case 在失物招领处的箱子里。7.Lost(寻物启事)：1.标题2.丢失的东西3.失者的名字4.联系电话。8.Found(失物招领)：1.标题2.拾到的东西3.询问某物是不是失者的4.联系人5.联系电话。 重点短语(Unit 2)an eraser. 一个橡皮擦。my backpack. 我的书包。his sharpenper. 他的铅笔刀。two dictionaries. 两本字典。call sb at. 打某个电话给某人。in the lost and found case. 在失物招领箱内。a set of. 一套。play computer games. 打电脑游戏。her school ID card. 他的校卡。play baseball. 打棒球。 My School Things(Unit 2) I have many school things.I have a backpack.It is black.It is big.My parents give it to me.I have a new pencil case. It is bule.There are some pens and pencils,an eraser and a ruler in it.I have two dictionaries.One is in English,the other is in Chinese.They are fun and colorful. I like my school things.Because they help me a lot. They are my good friends Unit 31. 向别人介绍某人用：This is或That is,These are或Those are.2. 询问某事物身份时用：Is this/that? Yes,it is./No,it isnt. Are these/those? Yes,they are./No,they arent.Is he/she? Yes,he/she is. No,he/she isnt.Are they? Yes,they are. No,they arent.3. family tree家谱（1） 表示“家庭”时，是单数可数名词。I have a big family.（2） 表示“家人”时，是集体名词，是复数概念。My family are watch TV.4. thanks for sth. 感谢某事物。 thanks for doing sth. 感谢某人做了某事。thanks for your letter. thanks for helping me.5. the photo of my family=my family photo. 我的全家福。6. 英文书信的格式：称呼：Dear xxx,结束语：Please write me soon.署名：Yours, xxx. 重点短语(Unit 3)family tree. 家谱thanks for sth. 感谢某事物。thanks for doing sth. 感谢你做了某事。my family photo=the photo of my family. 全家福。These are my parents. 这是我的父母亲。Those are my friends. 那些是我的朋友。Is this your aunt? No,it isnt. 这是你的阿姨吗？不，不是。Is that your cousin? Yes,it is. 那是你的表弟吗？是的。7可数名词单数边复数的规律：（1）一般直接+S.（2）以S,X,ch,sh结尾的通常+es.(3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的改y为i再加es.（4）以o结尾的，有生命力的+es,无生命力的+s.（5）以f,fe结尾的，改f,fe为V再加es.(6) 不规则变化： manmen womanwomen footfeet toothteeth childchildren mousemice(7) 单复数相同：sheep deer。（8）表示民族的名词。 中日不变英法变，其余S加后面。ChineseChinese JapaneseJapanese EnglishmanEnglishmen FrenchmanFrenchmen(9) 有些名词常用复数:glasses,pants,shoes,socks,shorts.(10) 两个名词组成的名词词组常在最后一个名词后面+S.apple trees,twin sisters,girl students. 但如果前面的名词是man或womon时，两个名词都要变复数。two men teachers,three women doctors. My family(Unit 3)My name is Tom Green. My first name is Tom. My last name is Green.Look！Thismy famliy photo.There are 9 people in my family.These are my grandparents. They are old. They are at home now.They are very kind and love children very much.These are my parents.My father is a teacher.He is tall and strong.My mother is a doctor.She helps many people.They work hard.This is me. I wear glasses.I am a student.And this is my little brother. He is cute.That is my uncle.He is a policeman.That is my aunt.She is young and beautiful.And that is my cousin.He is a good boy.I love my family. Unit 41. 方位介词： in 在里面 on 在上面 under 在下面 in front of 在前面 behind 在后面 beside 在旁边 near 在附近 next to 紧挨着 between 在和之间2.方位介词的区别： in front of 在前面 in the tree.（外来事物）站在树上 in the front of 在的前半部分 on the tree. 生长在树上 in the wall 镶嵌在墙上 in bed 生病在床 on the wall 挂在墙上 on the bed (某物品)放在床上 in hospital 生病住院 in the hospital 在医院工作3.take：“拿走，带到”指把某人或某物从说话人处带到别处。bring：“带来，拿来”指把某人或某物从别处带到说话人处。4. 定冠词the的用法： 特指某个具体的人或事物。 上文提到过的人或事物。 用在序数词，形容词最高级前面。 用在世界上独一无二的事物前面。 用在乐器前面。 与某些形容词连用，表示一些人或事物。 用在姓氏的复数名词前面，表示一家人。5. some:用在肯定句中;如果用在一般疑问句中，表示希望得到对方肯定的回答。any:用在否定句和一般疑问句中；如果用在肯定句中，表示“任何一个”是单数概念。两者都表示“一些”后面都接可数名词复数或者不可数名词。e.g. I have some English books. I dont have any English books. Do you have any English books? Would you like some bananas? Yes,Id like.6. 祈使句：表示命令和请求的句子，常省略主语You. 肯定句：以动词原形开头。e.g. Open the door,please. Bring the homework to me. 否定句：在动词原形前面+dont。 e.g. Dont close the window. My Bedroom(Unit 4) I have a bedroom.Its clean and tidy. Look!This is my bed.Its purple.Its small but soft(柔软的).I have two toys.One is on the wall.The other is on the bed.My parents give them to me.The endtable is next to the bed.My photo and lamp are on it.My school ID card is in the drawer.And my shoes are on the floor. And that is my desk.I often study here.There are some flowers on it.They are beautiful.My hat is on the chair and my backpack is behind the door.I like them very much because they are very nice.重点短语（Unit 4） an alarm clock 一个闹钟 in the drawer 在抽屉里 on the sofa 在沙发上 on the floor 在地板上 under the dresser 在梳妆台下 his math book 他的数学书 taketo 把带到 bringto 把带来 video tape 录像带 The plant is on the chair 这盆植物在椅子上。 There are some books on the table. 有一些书在桌子上。 Somethings are on the desk. 一些东西在课桌上。 Unit 51. 一般现在时的肯定句有两种：（1） 含有be动词的句子。（2） 含有实义动词的句子，当主语是第三人称单数是，实义动词要加s或es。2. 一般现在时中，当句子主语是第三人称单数时，动词形式要作下列变化：（1） 一般动词在句尾加s。（2） 以字母s,x,ch,sh结尾的动词加es。（3） 以辅音字母加y结尾的，改y为i，再加es。（4） 动词have的第三人称单数是has。3. 含有实义动词的否定句结构：主语+dont/doesnt+动词原形。（主语是第三人称单数时用doesnt）4. 含有实义动词的一般疑问句结构：Do/Does+主语+动词原形.（主语是第三人称单数时用does）5. have表示“有，拥有”通常是人拥有某物，强调所属的意思，其三单形式是has。There be句型表示“在某地方有某物”强调存在意思。e.g. There is a book on the desk. I have many books.6. lets do sth. 让我们做某事。常用于提出建议，句子动词用原形。let sb do sth. 让某人做某事。sb要用代词宾格形式。e.g. lets play basketball. let him come in.7. sound：“听起来”是系动词，后面跟形容词。sound like：“听起来像”后面跟名词。e.g. That sounds good. That sounds like a good idea.二常见的时间介词：1.on表示具体的时间，如具体的星期几，具体的日期。2.in表示某年，某月，某季节或早上，下午，晚上等。3.at用在时刻和中午的前面。4.时间表示的排列顺序，遵循小时间到大时间的表示方法。四常见介词短语：a lot of许多 a pair of一对 at home 在家 fromto 从到get to 到达 listen to 听look at 看 look for 寻找on holiday 度假 play with 与玩wait for 等待 重点短语（Unit 5）play basketball 打篮球 tennis racket 网球拍 play volleyball 打排球 lets do sth=let us do sth 让我们做某事。let sb do sth 让某人做某事 That sounds boring 听起来很无聊。sports club 体育俱乐部an interesting book 一本有趣的书watch TV 看电视 watch them on TV 在电视上收看他们。a greatsports collection 许多体育收藏品 play sports 进行体育运动It is fun to play computer games 打电子游戏是很有趣的。I think it is difficult. 我认为这很困难。作文范文（Unit5）My name is Tom.I am in Class3,Grade1.I have a collection of school thingsI have 4 erasers and 5 pencil cases.I have 6 rulers.They are colorful and helpful.I like them very much. My good friend is Jack.He often plays sports with me after school.He has a great sports collection.He has 3 basketball,2 volleyball and one soccer ball.He likes playing basketball because it is interesting and fun.He doesnt like playing soccer because it is boring.He doesnt have a tennis.He thinks it is difficult to play tennis. Unit 61.不可数名词（un.）主要有以下几类：（1）液体类：water,milk,tea,coffee,coke,juice,soup,oil(油)。（2） 肉类：meat,pork,beef,mutton,chicken,fish。（3）物质类：air,momey,bread,rice,paper,rain,ice,snow,wind,cloud,weather。（4）抽象概念派：time,news(新闻),homework,work,adivce(建议),information(信息)。2.不可数名词用法：（1）只有单数形式，没有复数形式。（2）不能直接用a,an,one,two,three来修饰，但可以用some,lots of 来修饰。（3）作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。e.g. There is some water in the glass。（4）用代词代替不可数名词时，用单数it，不能用they或them。3.不可数名词的数量表达，要借助数量词：piece 一块/张/条 glass 一玻璃杯 cup 一杯 basket 一篮 bottle 一瓶 e.g. a piece of meat 一块肉 a glass of juice 一杯果汁 two cups of tea 两杯茶 three bottles of milk 三瓶奶4. 既可以做可数名词又可以做不可数名词的有：（1） orange：橙汁（un.） 橙子（cn.）（2） chicken：鸡肉（un.） 小鸡（cn.）（3） glass：玻璃（un.） 玻璃杯（cn.） （4） work：工作（un.） 作品，著作（cn.）（5） fish：鱼肉（un.） 鱼的种类（cn.）（6） room：空间（un.） 房间（cn.）（7） paper：纸张（un.） 文件，报纸，试卷（cn.）（8） wood：木头（un.） 小森林（cn.）5. like的用法:（1）喜欢某事物=like+可数名词复数=like+不可数名词（3） like doing sth 喜欢做某事like to do sth 愿意做某事。 e.g. He likes tomatoes. I dont like broccoli. She likes swimming. They like to read books now.6some后面可以跟可数名词复数也可以跟不可数名词，常用在肯定句中，如果用在一般疑问句中表示希望得到对方肯定的回答。7.many后面跟可数名词复数，much后面跟不可数名词。lots of=a lot of，后面既可以跟可数名词又可以跟不可数名词。8动词加er构成执行此动词的人：runrunner workworker teachteacher singsinger dancedancer cleancleaner drivedriver waitwaiter writewriter9what do you have for breakfast？ 你早餐吃什么？ I havefor breakfast. 我早餐吃 作文范文（Unit 6）I have a good friend.His name is Chen Ming.He is a good boy,He is 12 years old.He is in Class 3,Grade 1.He lives in Dongguan.His telephone number is 12345.There are 4 people in his family.They are his father,mother,sister and him.His father is a doctor.His mother is a teacher.He and his sister are students.Theywork hard.His favourite colors are green and blue.He likes listening to music and playing sports.Because it is interesting and relaxing.He has 10 basketballs at home.They are under the bed.He likes them very much. 重点短语（Unit 6）like sth 喜欢某事物 like doing sth=like to do sth. 喜欢做某事a lot of=lots of 许多，大量 running star 跑步明星healthy food 健康食物 she likes tomatoes. 她喜欢西红柿。He doesnt like salad. 他不喜欢沙拉。 what do you have for breakfast? 你早餐吃什么？I have chicken and hamburgers for lunch. 我吃鸡肉和汉堡包做午餐。10good：形容词（adj）好的。可以修饰名词 可以和Be动词或者系动词（look，sound，smell，taste）连用。11well：形容词（adj）身体好的。（只与Be动词连用） 副词（adv）好地，很棒地，修饰动词（除了Be动词和系动词） 作文范文（Unit 1-6）Im Li Min.Im a middle school student.I like fruits and vegetables.Beacuse they are healthy.I dont like strawberries because they are sour.For breakfast,I have eggs and bread.For lunch,I have chicken and broccoli.For dinner,I have fish and tomatoes.I eat lots of healthy food.It helps me study well.My good friend is Han Meimei.She is tall and strong.She likes hamburgers very much because they are tasty.She doesnt like pears of oranges because they are too sweet.She drinks milk every day.She has carrots for lunch.She has salad for dinner.she want to keep healthy. Unit1-6（复习单元）1 also 用在肯定句句中。 也：too 用在肯定句句末。 either 用在否定句句末。 other 其他的，另外的（泛指）other+名词=others。2. the other （特指）有特定范围内的其他，另外的，the other+名词=the others。 another 再来一个，另外一个，用在询问别人是否再要一个东西时用。固定词组：onethe other （两者中的）一个另一个 would you like an other？ 你要再来一个吗？ Unit 71shoes,shorts pants,jeans,socks等物品常常成对出现，常用复数形式，这类单词若要表示数量，需要用a pair of（一双，一对）此时作主语时，应以pair为主。2How much is/are?=What is the price of ? 多少钱？用于询问价格。3How much+不可数名词 How many+可数名词复数4Can I help you？我能帮你吗？=What can I do for you？ 我能为你做些什么？ 服务行业礼貌用语。 want sth 想要做某事。 want to do sth 需要做某事。5need sth 需要做某事。 need to do sth 需要做某事。 want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事。6基数词：表示数量的词。（plus 加，minus 减，multiply 乘，devide 除。） 13-19均以后缀teen结尾。 20-90等整+位数以后缀ty结尾（注意：fifty，forty） 几十几是由十位数和个位数组成，中间要用连字符“” 几百几：百位数+and+十位数+个位数。 one hundred and ninty-nine。7.for：对来说 作为用途 后接具体价格，表示值多少钱。at：后接具体地点，有时也可接价格。in：后接颜色，表示穿着什么颜色的衣服。8buy sth for sb=buy sb sth 买某物给某人。 buy sth from sw 从某地买回某物。 sell sth to sb=sell sb sth 卖某物给某人。 sell sth for+具体价格 某物卖了多少钱。9可带双宾语的词有：（双宾语：即可以带人又可以带物。）give sth to sb=give sb sth 把某物给某人。pass sth to sb=pass sb sth 把某物传递给某人。make sth to sb=make sb sth 为某人制作某物。show sth to sb=show sb sth 把某物展示给某人看。10offard：出得起,供得起,买得起，常和can连用。11price：n.价格，只能用high，low，good来修饰。不能用dear，expensive或cheap来修饰。12have a look （at）看一看=look at look强调看的动作过程，跟at连用。看：see强调看的内容和结果。watch指观赏。read指读书，看报纸，杂志。13also：作为副词在句中的位置：放在Be动词和情态动词之后，实义动词之前。e.g. I am also a student. She can also play the piano.14on/for sale:大减价。 作文范文（Unit 7）Dear Bob: I have a big family. There are 6 people in my family.They are my grandparents,parents,my brother and I. My grandfather is 67,and he is kind.My grandmother is 65,and she likes going to the park and dancing. My parents are bothe teachers.My father is 42.He works hard.My mother is 38.She likes playing sports. I have a brother.His name is Zhang wei.He is 9 years old.He is a good student.He likes sports,too.My name is Zhang Yin.Im 13.I like study and I am good at English.We are happy.I hope to make friends with you. Yours, Zhang yin 重点短语（Unit 7）a pair of pants 一条裤子 a green sweater 一件绿色的毛衣Here you are 给你 want to do sth 想做某事need to do sth 需要做某事 help sb with sth= help sb（to）do sth. 帮助某人做某事。clothes store 服装店 at a very good price 物美价廉afford the price 出得起价钱 buy sth for sb=buy sb sth 买某物给某人sell sth to sb=sell sb sth 卖某物给某人on sale 大减价 have a look at=look at 看一看 Unit 81. 序数词：表示顺序的词，前面要加the，表示第（1）第1，2，3单独记：first，second，third。（2）第4至19有规律，基数词后面加th。fifth，eighth，ninrh，twelfth。（3）第20至90整十位数，改y为i加eth。twentytwentieth。（4）第21至99等第几十几的数：十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词。顺口溜：基变序，有规律，词尾加上th，123特殊技，词尾字母t，d，d。8少t，9去e，f来把ve替，整十变y为ie，后跟th莫迟疑，若想表示几十几，只变个位就可以。2. 名词所有格：表示所属关系，即表示某物是“谁的”。（1）一般加s childrens Day.（2）以s结尾的名词加 TeachersDay.（3）两人共同拥有的在最后一个名词后加s Lucy and Lilys father.（4）两人分别拥有的则各自后面加s Lucys and Lilys rooms.（5）无生命的事物常用“of+名词”来表示所有格 a map of China.（6）双重所有格：of+s或of+名词性物主代词 a friend of my mothers/a friend of mine.3. 询问年龄：（1）How old is/are?（2）whats the age of?=whatsage? My School Life(Unit 8) My name is Mary.Im a pretty girl.Im 12.Im in Class 2,Grade 1.My birthday is teptember 25th.I like hamburgers and carrots because theyre yummy and healthy.I dont like strawberries because therre too sour.I like playing sports with friends after school.So Im tall and strong.I often wear skirts because they are beautiful. Im busy at school.Im going to have a basketball game on November 26th.Im going to have a Chinese contest next Tuesday.Im gong to have a sports meeting on December 5th.On December 6th,Im going to have an art festival.Im going to have a Christmas party on December 24th.I an very happy.I love my school life. 重点短语（Unit 8）whats the date today？Its January 21st. 今天几月几号？一月二十一日。when is your birthday？Its November 5th. 你的生日是什么时候？是十一月五日。an English party. 一个英语晚会。 an art festival. 一个艺术节。school trip. 学校旅行。 basketball game. 篮球比赛。speech contest. 演讲比赛。 day of birth. 出生的日子。How old are you？=Whats your age？ 你多少岁？Teachersday. 教师节。 Childrens Day. 儿童节。Womens Day. 妇女节。 作文范文（Unit 9） I have many clothes.I have two pairs of pants.They are blue.They are 50 dollars each.i have 3 hats in red,white and yellow.They are cheap.They are ten dollars.I have a sweater.Its green.Its new and beautiful.Its warm.My parents buy it for me.I like it very much.I like T-shirts because they are cool.I dont like jackets because my jackets are too short.I often wear school clothes and sports shes.They make me feel good. Unit 91. kind表示“种类”的用法：（1）常用的结构是“kind（s）of”后接可数名词复数或不可数名词。一种食物 a kind of food 许多种东西 many kinds of things各种各样的鱼类 all kinds of fishes（2）“kind（s）of”结构做主语时，谓语动词要和kind的数保持一致，相同用法的还有a pair of。 This kind of movies is very fun. Many kinds of plants are green.2. and：表示并列。 but：表示转折。 want sth 想要某物3. want to do sth 想要做某事 want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事4. 形容词：的：用来表述人或事物。可以放在名词前面作定语放在Be动词或者系动词（look，sound,smell,taste）之后作表语。e.g. Its an interesting book. The books is interesting.5. 以ing结尾的形容词用来修饰事物，以ed结尾的形容词用来修饰人。interesting exciting boring relaxinginterested excited bored relaxed6. I think（我认为），否定形式：I dont think。其后面只能接肯定句。（若要表示否定意思，要进行否定前移。）e.g. I think it is difficult.=I dont think it is easy.She thinks Beijing Opera is interesting.=she doesnt think Beijing Opera is boring. 重点短语（Unit 9）an exciting action movie 一部刺激的动作片a scary thriller 一部令人害怕的恐怖片an interesting comedy 一部有趣的喜剧go to a movie/go to the mvie/go to movies/go to see a movie 去看电影want to do sth 想做某事 want sb to do sth 想某人做某事Does he want to go to a movie？ 他想去看电影吗？What kind of movie do you like？ 你喜欢什么种类的电影？learn about 知道，了解关于的事 Chinese history 中国历史a successful documentary 一部成功的纪录片on weekends 在周末 Unit 101. 情态动词can的用法：无人称和数的变化。后面一定要接动词原形。其否定句在can后面加not，缩写成cant。其一般疑问句把can提前放在句首。相同用法的还有：may，could，will，must等。