《定语从句补充》PPT课件.ppt

,定语从句,当你拥有激情、兴奋和动机，不断向前进，永远向前进，任何事情都可能发生。你要牢牢记住：没有任何事情能让你气馁。如果你认为你气馁了，那么告诉自己-千万不要气馁，立刻振作起来。激励你内心中的那个巨人，保持前进- 不断向前迈进。永远依照积极的原则生活，这就是成功的秘诀。,考查题除单项填空外，短文改错也常涉及该语法项目。具体内容为： 1which在非限制性定语从句中的应用及限定与非限定的区别。 2as和which的区别。 3that和which的区别。 4关系代词和关系副词的选择。 5做定语用的whose的用法。 6名词、代词、数词（分数/百分数）等词+of+ which / whom的用法。 7who和that的区别。,一）定义及相关术语 1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用： A、引导定语从句； B、代替先行词； C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.,5Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. He has a friend whose father is a doctor. I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 注意：whose + n. 指物时常用下列结构来代替：the +n. of which 或of which + the +n. The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?,（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。 The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous. The school in which he once studied is very famous. This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday. This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday. The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions. The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.,注意： 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。 This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking . (误) The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正) The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. （误） 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误) The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正) The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (误),“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。名词、代词、数词（分数/百分数）等词+of+ which / whom的用法。 如： He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.,（四）关系副词引导的定语从句 1.when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. October 1, 1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 2 where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 Shanghai is the city where I was born. The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 3 why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如： I still remember the day when / on which I first came to our school . Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live. The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.,五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句举例： The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. China is a country which has a long history. In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.,非限制性定语从句举例 ： His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。 China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. Last summer I visited the Peoples Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year. 去年夏天，我参观了人民大会堂，在那儿每年都要举行许多重要会议。,（四）关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句 as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时， 其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是： 1. as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如： He married her, as / which was natural. He is honest, as / which we can see. 2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如： As is known to all, China is a developing country. 众所周知， He is from the south, as we can know from his accent. John, as you know, is a famous writer. 正如你所知， Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I dont believe.,注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往只用which。如： Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 3.当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。 如： Ive never heard such stories as he tells. This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如： She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。,(五) 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如： The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising. （六）关系代词与关系副词的选择 用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较： A. I know a place _we can have a picnic. I know a place _is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. B. I will never forget the days _we spent our holidays together. I will never forget the days _we spent together. C. This is the reason _he was dismissed. This is the reason _he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.,where,which / that,when,that / which,why,that / which,（八）定语从句与同位语从句的区别 1定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。 The plane that has just taken off is for Paris. The fact that he has already died is quite clear. 2定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that 引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where, when, how, who, whether, what 等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中有一定的意义。 The news that he told me is true. The news that he has just died is true. The question that he raised puzzled all of us. The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer.,1. Two firefighters successfully rescued the baby girl from the fire . 2. The 1998 flood has been one of the greatest disasters that hit China these years . 3. Since Zhangjiajie was developed into a national park , more and more foreign friends have come here for a visit . 4. I hope you can finish writing the paper before the Monday deadline . 5. China is trying to take every opportunity to help most people live a richer and better life . 6. In his newly published book , he wrote about his unforgettable trip to China in 2000 . 7. Many museums were destroyed during the war . 8. Believe it or not , many successful people were very naughty when they were young .,九其他考查点,1当先行词在定语从句中作主语时，应注意主谓语的一致性及被动语态问题。 the only one of +(pl.) n. + 关代 +单v. one of +(pl.) n. +关代+复v. 2. Is this factory the one you visited last year ? Is this the factory (that/which ) you visited last year ? 3. He stayed where he was born . at the place where / in which he was born . 4. There are many books from which to choose . which you can choose from . to choose from . My pen with which to write was bought by my father . which I write with ( 介词+which +to do ),5. It was on Oct.1,1949 that the Peoples Republic of China was founded . It was Oct.1,1949 when the Peoples Republic of China was founded . 6. 定语从句中不可再出现与关系词相同的词。 e.g : I do remember you having apologized to the old lady I met her last week . (去掉) 7. 介词+which / whom ; 介词的确定 e.g : In the dark street , there wasnt a single person she could turn for help . The gardener was called to tell the way the poor dog had died .,to whom,in which,两个原则：定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配而定；根据先行词的特殊用法而定。,1. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, , of course, made the others unhappy. A. which B. who C. this D. what 2. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child. A. which B. when C. that D. where 3. The gentleman you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom 4. Please take any seat is free. A. which B. where C. in which D. that 5. The old man has two sons, is a soldier. A. one of whom B. both of them C. all of whom D. none of them,6. This is the ship we crossed the Pacific(太平洋). A. by which B. by that C. where D. in which 7. New York is famous for its sky-scrapers(摩天大楼)， has more than 100 storeys. A. the higher of them B. the highest of which C. the highest of them D. some of which 8. My home village is no longer the same it used to be. A. which B. as C. where D. when 9. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., many people have gone home. A. whose time B. that C. at which D. by which time 10. The boy composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group. A. who B. whose C. that D. which,11. The weather turned out to be very good, was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 12. Mr. Wang is a boss, factory Li Ping worked. A. in whose B. whose C. in whom D. of which 13. I don't like the way you speak to her. A. / B. that C. in which D. All A, B, and C 14. I shall never forget the years I lived in the country with the farmers, has a good effect on my life. A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who 15. is known to all, China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30years time. A. What B. That C. As D. It,16. Is this book you want to borrow from the library? A. that B. which C. the one D. / 17. Such a book you showed me is difficult to understand. A. that B. which C. as D. like 18. The speaker spoke of some writers and some books were popular then. A. / B. that C. which D. who 19. This is the store we visited the famous shop assistants. A. where B. there C. that D. which 20. Im going to spend my holiday in Beijing, live my old parents. A. which B. that C. where D. there,