省句中2013届高三化学一轮复习教学案——化学能与热能一（the 2013 high school chemistry review teaching case in chemistry sentence -- chemical energy and heat energy one）

省句中2013届高三化学一轮复习教学案化学能与热能一（THE2013HIGHSCHOOLCHEMISTRYREVIEWTEACHINGCASEINCHEMISTRYSENTENCECHEMICALENERGYANDHEATENERGYONE）DOCUMENTSFROMTHENETWORK,ICOLLECTED,FINISHING,ANDIFTHEREAREOMISSIONS,ERRORS,BUTALSOPLEASECORRECTMETHE2013SENIORMIDDLESCHOOLCHEMISTRYROUNDREVIEWTEACHINGCASECHEMICALENERGYANDHEATENERGYTESTSITEDESCRIPTION1CANEXPLAINTHEREASONSFORENERGYCONVERSIONINCHEMICALREACTIONS,ANDKNOWTHECOMMONFORMSOFENERGYCONVERSIONINCHEMICALREACTIONS2UNDERSTANDTHEMUTUALTRANSFORMATIONANDAPPLICATIONOFCHEMICALENERGYANDHEATENERGY,ANDUNDERSTANDTHECONCEPTSOFENDOTHERMICREACTION,EXOTHERMICREACTIONANDREACTIONHEAT3UNDERSTANDTHEMEANINGOFTHERMOCHEMICALEQUATIONS,ANDCALCULATETHEHEATOFREACTIONSIMPLYACCORDINGTOTHELAWSOFHESS4,UNDERSTANDINGENERGYISANIMPORTANTBASISFORHUMANSURVIVALANDSOCIALDEVELOPMENT,ANDUNDERSTANDINGTHEIMPORTANTROLEOFCHEMISTRYINSOLVINGTHEENERGYCRISISKNOWLEDGECARDINGENTHALPYCHANGEOFCHEMICALREACTION1ENERGYCHANGEINCHEMICALREACTIONS1TWOCHANGESINCHEMICALREACTIONS_CHANGEAND_CHANGE2TWOCONSERVATIONINCHEMICALREACTIONS_CONSERVATIONANDCONSERVATION_3THEFORMOFENERGYCONVERSIONINCHEMICALREACTIONS_,LIGHTANDELECTRICITYETCTHEREAREMAINLY_CHANGES2ENTHALPYCHANGEANDREACTIONHEAT1DEFINITIONIN_UNDERTHECONDITIONOFREACTION_2_SYMBOL3_OR_3ENDOTHERMICREACTIONANDEXOTHERMICREACTION1FROMTHEPOINTOFVIEWOFTHERELATIVESIZEOFTHETOTALENERGYOFTHEREACTANTANDTHEPRODUCER,ASSHOWN2FROMTHEPOINTOFVIEWOFTHEQUANTITATIVEPARAMETEROFREACTIONHEATTHEBONDENERGY3THEBASICFORMULAFORTHEREACTIONHEATHTOTALENERGYOFTHEHPRODUCTTOTALENERGYOFTHEREACTANTSTHESUMOFTHETOTALBONDENERGYOFAHREACTANTANDTHESUMOFTHETOTALBONDENERGYOFTHERESULTANT4COMMONEXOTHERMICREACTIONCOMBUSTIONOFCOMBUSTIBLEMATTERACIDBASENEUTRALIZATIONREACTIONMOSTCHEMICALREACTIONSREPLACEMENTREACTIONOFMETALANDACIDSLOWOXIDATIONOFMATTER5COMMONENDOTHERMICREACTIONSMOSTOFTHEDECOMPOSITIONREACTIONSHYDROLYSISOFSALTSANDIONIZATIONOFWEAKELECTROLYTESTHEREACTIONOFBAOH2AND8H2OWITHNH4CLTHEREACTIONOFCARBONANDWATERVAPOR,CANDCO2EXAMPLE1THEENERGYCHANGEOFASYSTEMDURINGAREACTIONISASSHOWNTHEREACTIONPROCESSOFACANBEEXPRESSEDASTHEENERGYDIFFERENCEBETWEENTHEAVERAGEENERGYOFBE1ANDTHETRANSITIONSTATEISCALLEDTHEACTIVATIONENERGYOFTHEPOSITIVEREACTIONTHETHERMALEFFECTOFCPOSITIVEFORDELTAHE1E2Q2THETOTALENERGYOFBWASHIGHERTHANTHETOTALENERGYOFREACTANTSWHENCGENERATES1MOLHCLGAS,ITEMITSQ1KJHEATTHEENERGYOFD1MOLHBRGISGREATERTHAN1MOLHBRLENERGY62009CHONGQINGSCIENCE,12THEFOLLOWINGWRITINGTHERMOCHEMICALEQUATIONISCORRECTABSOLUTEVALUESARECORRECTHAC2H5OHL3O2G,2CO2G3H2OG,H1367,KJ,MOL1BURNINGHEATBNAOHAQHCLAQ,NACLAQH2OL,DELTAH573,KJ,MOL1NEUTRALIZATIONHEATCSSO2G,SO2G,H2968,KJ,MOL1REACTIONHEATD2NO2O22NODELTAHKJ1162MOL1HEATOFREACTION72008CHONGQINGSCIENCE,13CHEMICALREACTIONINHIGHTEMPERATUREANDHIGHPRESSUREN23H2CATALYST2NH3ENERGYCHANGESASSHOWNINTHEFIGURE,THERMOCHEMICALEQUATIONOFTHEREACTIONISAN2G3H2G2NH3LH2ABCKJMOL1BN2G3H2G2NH3GH2BAKJMOL1CN2GH2GNH3LHBCAKJMOL1DN2GH2GNH3GHABKJMOL18DIAMONDANDGRAPHITEARETWOSTRUCTURESCOMPOSEDOFCARBONDIFFERENTELEMENTALALLOTROPESAT100KPA,1MOLGRAPHITEISCONVERTEDTODIAMONDANDABSORBS1895KJOFTHERMALENERGYACCORDINGLY,ITISCONCLUDEDTHATATTHE100KPAPRESSURE,THEFOLLOWINGCONCLUSIONISCORRECTAGRAPHITEISMORESTABLETHANDIAMONDBDIAMONDISMORESTABLETHANGRAPHITECTHETOTALENERGYOF1MOLGRAPHITEISHIGHERTHAN1MOLDIAMONDD1MOLGRAPHITEISTHESAMEASTHETOTALENERGYOF1MOLDIAMOND9KNOWNREACTIONS101KPA,2CSO2G,2COG,HKJ221,MOL1,DILUTESOLUTION,HAQOHAQ,H2OL,H573,KJ,MOL1,THEFOLLOWINGCONCLUSIONSARECORRECTTHEHEATOFCOMBUSTIONOFCARBONAMORETHAN1105KJMOL1THETHERMALREACTIONOFBWAS221KJMOL1CANDHOTDILUTESULFURICACIDANDDILUTESOLUTIONOFNAOHREACTIONFORKJMOL1573DDILUTEACETICACIDREACTSWITHDILUTENAOHSOLUTIONTOPRODUCE1MOLOFWATERANDEMITS573KJOFHEAT10AT25C,101X105PA,22GCO2INTO1MOLL1NAOHSOLUTION750MLFULLRESPONSE,MEASUREDXKJHEATRELEASEREACTIONONTHISCONDITION,1MOLCO2ISINJECTEDINTOTHE2MOLL1NAOHSOLUTIONANDFULLYREACTEDTOEMITYKJHEATIN1LTHENTHETHERMOCHEMICALEQUATIONFORTHEREACTIONOFCO2WITHNAOHSOLUTIONISNAHCO3ACO2GNAOHAQNAHCO3AQDELTAH2YXKJMOL1BCO2GNAOHAQNAHCO3AQDELTAH2XYKJMOL1CCO2GNAOHAQNAHCO3AQDELTAH4XYKJMOL1D2CO2GNAOH1NAHCO31THEH8X2YKJMOL1THE11KNOWNTHERMOCHEMICALEQUATION2SO2GO2G2SO3GMOL1Q0HQKJDELTATHEFOLLOWINGSTATEMENTISCORRECTUNDERTHESAMECONDITIONSOFA,THEENERGYOF2MOLSO2AND1MOLO2ISLESSTHANTHATOF2MOLSO3BPUTS2MOLSO2GAND1MOLO2GINACLOSEDCONTAINERAND,WHENFULLYREACTED,EMITSHEATOFQKJCINCREASESTHEPRESSUREORRAISESTHETEMPERATURE,ANDTHEEQUILIBRIUMSHIFTSINTHEDIRECTIONOFTHEREVERSEREACTIONDIFACERTAINAMOUNTOFSO2GANDO2GAREPLACEDINASEALEDCONTAINER,THEEXOTHERMICQKJISFULLYREACTED,ANDTHEN2MOLSO2GISOXIDIZEDINTHISPROCESS12KNOWNAREACTIONOFAGBGCGDG,INTHEPROCESSOFENERGYCHANGEASSHOWNINTHEFIGURE,ANSWERTHEFOLLOWINGQUESTIONS1THEREACTIONIS_REACTIONFILLIN“HEAT“OR“HEAT“,THEREACTIONOFDELTAH_KJMOL1REPRESENTEDBYALGEBRAICFORMULACONTAININGE1,E2,THETOTALENERGY_TOTALENERGYOF1MOLAND1MOLBGASAGASWITH1MOLGASANDCRATIO1MOLGASWITHDFILLIN“HIGH“AND“LOW“OR“HIGH“2IFTHEREACTIONRATEINCREASESWITHTHEADDITIONOFTHECATALYSTINTHEREACTIONSYSTEM,THECHANGEOFE1ANDE2ISE1_,E2_,DELTAH_FILL,INCREASE,DECREASE,ORREMAINUNCHANGED13KNOWN2CUS1/2O2GCU2OS1120KJMOL1H2CUSSSCU2SS795KJMOL1H2SSO2GSO2G29683KJMOL1H3CU2SS2CU2OS6CUSSO2GH4KJMOL114IINACHEMICALREACTION,CHEMICALREACTIONMAYHAVEONLYAHANDFULOFENERGYTHANTHEMUCHHIGHERAVERAGEENERGYOFREACTANTMOLECULESCOLLIDE,THESEMOLECULESCALLEDACTIVATEDMOLECULES,SOMOLECULESINTOORDINARYMINIMUMREQUIREDFORTHEACTIVATIONOFMOLECULARENERGYCALLEDTHEACTIVATIONENERGY,THEUNITSAREUSUALLYEXPRESSEDASKJ,MOL1PLEASEOBSERVETHEPICTURECAREFULLYANDANSWERTHEQUESTIONTHEREACTIONISSHOWNINFIGURE_FILLIN“HEAT“OR“HEAT“REACTION,THEREACTIONOFTHEDELTAH_KJMOL1REPRESENTEDBYALGEBRAICFORMULACONTAININGE1,E2THEKNOWNTHERMOCHEMICALEQUATIONH2G1/2O2GH2OGHKJ2418MOL1THEREACTIONACTIVATIONENERGYIS1672KJMOL1,THEREVERSEREACTIONACTIVATIONENERGIESFOR_KJMOL1INTHESAMEREACTION,THEDOTTEDLINEIIANDSOLIDICOMPAREDTOTHEACTIVATIONENERGYISREDUCEDGREATLY,THEPERCENTAGEOFACTIVEMOLECULESINCREASED,THEREACTIONRATEISACCELERATEDAPPARENTLY,DOYOUTHINKTHEMOSTLIKELYREASONIS_IIBARITEBASO4ISDIFFICULTTODISSOLVEINWATER,TOBETRANSFORMEDINTOBACO3PREPARINGOTHERBARIUMSALTSGENERALLY,HIGHTEMPERATURECALCINATIONREDUCTIONISADOPTEDININDUSTRY,ANDPRECIPITATIONCONVERSIONMETHODCANBEADOPTEDINLABORATORYHIGHTEMPERATURECALCINATIONREDUCTIONMETHODTHETHERMOCHEMICALEQUATIONOFCALCINATIONREDUCTIONISRELATEDDATABASSS2O2GBASO4SKJMOL1H14732DELTAC（S）O2（G）CO（G）；H1105KJMOL1巴（S）S（S）BAS（S）；H460KJ摩尔1