2011年大学英语六级_阅读理解107篇

1WECANBEGINOURDISCUSSIONOF“POPULATIONASGLOBALISSUE”WITHWHATMOSTPERSONSMEANWHENTHEYDISCUSS“THEPOPULATIONPROBLEM”TOOMANYPEOPLEONEARTHANDATOORAPIDINCREASEINTHENUMBERADDEDEACHYEARTHEFACTSARENOTINDISPUTE,ITWASQUITERIGHTTOEMPLOYTHEANALOGYTHATLIKENEDDEMOGRAPHICGROWTHTO“ALONG,THINPOWDERFUSETHATBURNSSTEADILYANDHALTINGLYUNTILITFINALLYREACHESTHECHARGEANDEXPLODES”TOUNDERSTANDTHECURRENTSITUATION,WHICHISCHARACTERIZEDBYRAPIDINCREASESINPOPULATION,ITISNECESSARYTOUNDERSTANDTHEHISTORYOFPOPULATIONTRENDSRAPIDGROWTHISACOMPARATIVELYRECENTPHENOMENONLOOKINGBACKATTHE8,000YEARSOFDEMOGRAPHICHISTORY,WEFINDTHATPOPULATIONSHAVEBEENVIRTUALLYSTABLEORGROWINGVERYSLIGHTLYFORMOSTOFHUMANHISTORYFORMOSTOFOURANCESTORS,LIFEWASHARD,OFTENNASTY,ANDVERYSHORTTHEREWASHIGHFERTILITYINMOSTPLACES,BUTTHISWASUSUALLYBALANCEDBYHIGHMORTALITYFORMOSTOFHUMANHISTORY,ITWASSELDOMTHECASETHATONEINTENPERSONSWOULDLIVEPASTFORTY,WHILEINFANCYANDCHILDHOODWEREESPECIALLYRISKYPERIODSOFTEN,SOCIETIESWEREINCLEARDANGEROFEXTINCTIONBECAUSEDEATHRATESCOULDEXCEEDTHEIRBIRTHRATESTHUS,THEPOPULATIONPROBLEMTHROUGHOUTMOSTOFHISTORYWASHOWTOPREVENTEXTINCTIONOFTHEHUMANRACETHISPATTERNISIMPORTANTTONOTICENOTONLYDOESITPUTTHECURRENTPROBLEMSOFDEMOGRAPHICGROWTHINTOAHISTORICALPERSPECTIVE,BUTITSUGGESTSTHATTHECAUSEOFRAPIDINCREASEINPOPULATIONINRECENTYEARSISNOTASUDDENENTHUSIASMFORMORECHILDREN,BUTANIMPROVEMENTINTHECONDITIONSTHATTRADITIONALLYHAVECAUSEDHIGHMORTALITYDEMOGRAPHICHISTORYCANBEDIVIDEDINTOTWOMAJORPERIODSATIMEOFLONG,SLOWGROWTHWHICHEXTENDEDFROMABOUT8,000BCTILLAPPROXIMATELYAD1650INTHEFIRSTPERIODOFSOME9600YEARS,THEPOPULATIONINCREASEDFROMSOME8MILLIONTO500MILLIONIN1650BETWEEN1650ANDTHEPRESENT,THEPOPULATIONHASINCREASEDFROM500MILLIONTOMORETHAN4BILLIONANDITISESTIMATEDTHATBYTHEYEAR2000THEREWILLBE62BILLIONPEOPLETHROUGHOUTTHEWORLDONEWAYTOAPPRECIATETHISDRAMATICDIFFERENCEINSUCHABSTRACTNUMBERSISTOREDUCETHETIMEFRAMETOSOMETHINGTHATISMOREMANAGEABLEBETWEEN8000BCAND1650,ANAVERAGEOFONLY50,000PERSONSWASBEINGADDEDANNUALLYTOTHEWORLDSPOPULATIONEACHYEARATPRESENT,THISNUMBERISADDEDEVERYSIXHOURSTHEINCREASEISABOUT80,000,000PERSONSANNUALLY1WHICHOFTHEFOLLOWINGDEMOGRAPHICGROWTHPATTERNISMOSTSUITABLEFORTHELONGTHINPOWDERFUSEANALOGYAAVIRTUALLYSTABLEORSLIGHTLYDECREASINGPERIODANDTHENASUDDENEXPLOSIONOFPOPULATIONBASLOWGROWTHFORALONGTIMEANDTHENAPERIODOFRAPID,DRAMATICINCREASECTOOMANYPEOPLEONEARTHANDAFEWRAPIDINCREASEINTHENUMBERADDEDEACHYEARDALONGPERIODWHENDEATHRATESEXCEEDSBIRTHRATESANDTHENASHORTPERIODWITHHIGHERFERTILITYANDLOWERMORTALITY2DURINGTHEFIRSTPERIODOFDEMOGRAPHICHISTORY,SOCIETIESWEREOFTENINDANGEROFEXTINCTIONBECAUSE_AONLYONEINTENPERSONSCOULDLIVEPAST40BTHEREWASHIGHERMORTALITYTHANFERTILITYINMOSTPLACESCITWASTOODANGEROUSTOHAVEBABIESDUETOTHEPOORCONDITIONSDOURANCESTORSHADLITTLEENTHUSIASMFORMORECHILDREN3WHICHSTATEMENTISTRUEABOUTPOPULATIONINCREASEATHEREMIGHTBEANINCREASEOF22BILLIONPERSONSFROMNOWTOTHEYEAR2000BABOUT50,000BABIESAREBORNEVERYSIXHOURSATPRESENTCBETWEEN8000BCANDTHEPRESENT,THEPOPULATIONINCREASEISABOUT80,000,000PERSONSEACHYEARDTHEPOPULATIONINCREASEDFASTERBETWEEN8000BCAND1650THANBETWEEN1650ANDTHEPRESENT4THEAUTHOROFTHEPASSAGEINTENDSTO_AWARNPEOPLEAGAINSTTHEPOPULATIONEXPLOSIONINTHENEARFUTUREBCOMPARETHEDEMOGRAPHICGROWTHPATTERNINTHEPASTWITHTHATAFTER1650CFINDOUTTHECAUSEFORRAPIDINCREASEINPOPULATIONINRECENTYEARSDPRESENTUSACLEARANDCOMPLETEPICTUREOFTHEDEMOGRAPHICGROWTH5THEWORD“DEMOGRAPHIC”INTHEFIRSTPARAGRAPHMEANS_ASTATISTICSOFHUMANBSURROUNDINGSSTUDYCACCUMULATIONOFHUMANDDEVELOPMENTOFHUMAN答案ABADA2MOSTOFUSARETAUGHTTOPAYATTENTIONTOWHATISSAIDTHEWORDSWORDSDOPROVIDEUSWITHSOMEINFORMATION,BUTMEANINGSAREDERIVEDFROMSOMANYOTHERSOURCESTHATITWOULDHINDEROUREFFECTIVENESSASAPARTNERTOARELATIONSHIPTORELYTOOHEAVILYONWORDSALONEWORDSAREUSEDTODESCRIBEONLYASMALLPARTOFTHEMANYIDEASWEASSOCIATEWITHANYGIVENMESSAGESOMETIMESWECANGAININSIGHTINTOSOMEOFTHOSEASSOCIATIONSIFWELISTENFORMORETHANWORDSWEDONTALWAYSSAYWHATWEMEANORMEANWHATWESAYSOMETIMESOURWORDSDONTMEANANYTHINGEXCEPT“IMLETTINGOFFSOMESTEAMIDONTREALLYWANTYOUTOPAYCLOSEATTENTIONTOWHATIMSAYINGJUSTPAYATTENTIONTOWHATIMFEELING”MOSTLYWEMEANSEVERALTHINGSATONCEAPERSONWANTINGTOPURCHASEAHOUSESAYSTOTHECURRENTOWNER,“THISSTEPHASTOBEFIXEDBEFOREILLBUY”THEOWNERSAYS,“ITSBEENLIKETHATFORYEARS”ACTUALLY,THESTEPHASNTBEENLIKETHATFORYEARS,BUTTHEUNSPOKENMESSAGEIS“IDONTWANTTOFIXITWEPUTUPWITHITWHYCANTYOU”THESEARCHFORAMOREEXPANSIVEVIEWOFMEANINGCANBEDEVELOPEDOFEXAMININGAMESSAGEINTERMSOFWHOSAIDIT,WHENITOCCURRED,THERELATEDCONDITIONSORSITUATION,ANDHOWITWASSAIDWHENAMESSAGEOCCURSCANALSOREVEALASSOCIATEDMEANINGLETUSASSUMETWOCOUPLESDOEXACTLYTHESAMEAMOUNTOFKISSINGANDARGUINGBUTONECOUPLEALWAYSKISSESAFTERANARGUMENTANDTHEOTHERCOUPLEALWAYSARGUESAFTERAKISSTHEORDERINGOFTHEBEHAVIORSMAYMEANAGREATDEALMORETHANTHEFREQUENCYOFTHEBEHAVIORAFRIENDSUNUSUALLYDOCILEBEHAVIORMAYONLYBEUNDERSTOODBYNOTINGTHATITWASPRECEDEDBYSITUATIONSTHATREQUIREDANABNORMALAMOUNTOFASSERTIVENESSSOMERESPONSESMAYBEDIRECTLYLINKEDTOADEVELOPINGPATTERNOFRESPONSESANDDEFYLOGICFOREXAMPLE,APERSONWHOSAYS“NO”TOASERIALSOFCHARGESLIKE“YOUREDUMB,”“YOURELAZY,”AND“YOUREDISHONEST,”MAYALSOSAY“NO”ANDTRYTOJUSTIFYHISORHERRESPONSEIFTHENEXTSTATEMENTIS“ANDYOUREGOODLOOKING”WEWOULDDOWELLTOLISTENFORHOWMESSAGESAREPRESENTEDTHEWORDS,“IFSUREHASBEENNICETOHAVEYOUOVER,”CANBESAIDWITHEMPHASISANDEXCITEMENTORRITUALISTICALLYTHEPHRASECANBESAIDONCEORREPEATEDSEVERALTIMESANDTHEMEANINGSWEASSOCIATEWITHTHEPHRASEWILLCHANGEACCORDINGLYSOMETIMESIFWESAYSOMETHINGINFREQUENTLYITASSUMESMOREIMPORTANCESOMETIMESTHEMOREWESAYSOMETHINGTHELESSIMPORTANCEITASSUMES1EFFECTIVECOMMUNICATIONISRENDEREDPOSSIBLEBETWEENTWOCONVERSINGPARTNERS,IF_ATHEYUSEPROPERWORDSTOCARRYTHEIRIDEASBTHEYBOTHSPEAKTRULYOFTHEIROWNFEELINGSCTHEYTRYTOUNDERSTANDEACHOTHERSIDEASBEYONDWORDSDTHEYARECAPABLEOFASSOCIATINGMEANINGWITHTHEIRWORDS2“IMLETTINGOFFSOMESTEAM”INPARAGRAPH1MEANS_AIMJUSTCALLINGYOURATTENTIONBIMJUSTKIDDINGCIMJUSTSAYINGTHEOPPOSITEDIMJUSTGIVINGOFFSOMESOUND3THEHOUSEOWNERSEXAMPLESHOWSTHATHEACTUALLYMEANS_ATHESTEPHASBEENLIKETHATFORYEARSBHEDOESNTTHINKITNECESSARYTOFIXTHESTEPCTHECONDITIONOFTHESTEPISONLYAMINORFAULTDTHECOSTINVOLVEDINTHEFIXINGSHOULDBESHARED4SOMERESPONSESANDBEHAVIORSMAYAPPEARVERYILLOGICAL,BUTAREJUSTIFIABLEIF_ALINKEDTOANABNORMALAMOUNTOFASSERTIVENESSBSEENASONESHABITUALPATTERNOFBEHAVIORCTAKENASPARTOFANORDERINGSEQUENCEDEXPRESSEDTOASERIESOFCHARGES5THEWORD“RITUALISTICALLY”INTHELASTPARAGRAPHEQUALSSOMETHINGDONE_AWITHOUTTRUEINTENTIONBLIGHTHEARTEDLYCINAWAYOFCEREMONYDWITHLESSEMPHASIS答案DBABC3ACONTROVERSYERUPTEDINTHESCIENTIFICCOMMUNITYINEARLY1998OVERTHEUSEOFDNADEOXYRIBONUCLEICACIDFINGERPRINTINGINCRIMINALINVESTIGATIONSDNAFINGERPRINTINGWASINTRODUCEDIN1987ASAMETHODTOIDENTIFYINDIVIDUALSBASEDONAPATTERNSEENINTHEIRDNA,THEMOLECULEOFWHICHGENESAREMADEDNAISPRESENTINEVERYCELLOFTHEBODYEXCEPTREDBLOODCELLSDNAFINGERPRINTINGHASBEENUSEDSUCCESSFULLYINVARIOUSWAYS,SUCHASTODETERMINEPATERNITYWHEREITISNOTCLEARWHOTHEFATHEROFAPARTICULARCHILDISHOWEVER,ITISINTHEAREAOFCRIMINALINVESTIGATIONSTHATDNAFINGERPRINTINGHASPOTENTIALLYPOWERFULANDCONTROVERSIALUSESDNAFINGERPRINTINGANDOTHERDNAANALYSISTECHNIQUESHAVEREVOLUTIONIZEDCRIMINALINVESTIGATIONSBYGIVINGINVESTIGATORSPOWERFULNEWTOOLSINTHEATTEMPTTOTROVEGUILT,NOTJUSTESTABLISHINNOCENCEWHENUSEDINCRIMINALINVESTIGATIONS,ADNAFINGERPRINTPATTERNFROMASUSPECTISCOMPAREDWITHADNAFINGERPRINTPATTERNOBTAINEDFROMSUCHMATERIALASHAIRSORBLOODFOUNDATTHESCENEOFACRIMEAMATCHBETWEENTHETWODNASAMPLESCANBEUSEDASEVIDENCETOCONVICTASUSPECTTHECONTROVERSYIN1998STEMMEDFORMAREPORTPUBLISHEDINDECEMBER1991BYPOPULATIONGENETICISTSRICHARDCLEWONTINOFHARVARDUNIVERSITYINCAMBRIDGE,MASS,ANDDANIELLHARTLCALLEDINTOQUESTIONTHEMETHODSTOCALCULATEHOWLIKELYITISTHATAMATCHBETWEENTWODNAFINGERPRINTSMIGHTOCCURBYCHANCEALONEINPARTICULAR,THEYARGUEDTHATTHECURRENTMETHODCANNOTPROPERLYDETERMINETHELIKELIHOODTHATTWODNASAMPLESWILLMATCHBECAUSETHEYCAMEFROMTHESAMEINDIVIDUALRATHERTHANSIMPLYFROMTWODIFFERENTINDIVIDUALSWHOAREMEMBERSOFTHESAMEETHNICGROUPLEWONTINANDHARTLCALLEDFORBETTERSURVEYSOFDNAPATTERNSMETHODSAREADEQUATEINRESPONSETOTHEIRCRITICISMS,POPULATIONGENETICISTSRANAJITCHAKRABORTYOFTHEUNIVERSITYOFTEXASINDALLASANDKENNETHKKIDDOFYALEUNIVERSITYINNEWHAVEN,CONN,ARGUEDTHATENOUGHDATAAREALREADYAVAILABLETOSHOWTHATTHEMETHODSCURRENTLYBEINGUSEDAREADEQUATEINJANUARY1998,HOWEVER,THEFEDERALBUREAUOFINVESTIGATIONANDLABORATORIESTHATCONDUCTDNATESTSANNOUNCEDTHATTHEYWOULDCOLLECTADDITIONALDNASAMPLESFORMVARIOUSETHNICGROUPSINANATTEMPTTORESOLVESOMEOFTHESEQUESTIONSAND,INAPRIL,ANATIONALACADEMYOFSCIENCESCALLEDFORSTRICTSTANDARDSANDSYSTEMOFACCREDITATIONFORDNATESTINGLABORATORIES1BEFOREDNAFINGERPRINTINGISUSED,SUSPECTS_AWOULDHAVETOLEAVETHEIRFINGERPRINTSFORFURTHERINVESTIGATIONSBWOULDHAVETOSUBMITEVIDENCEFORTHEIRINNOCENCECCOULDEASILYESCAPECONVICTIONOFGUILTDCOLDBECONVICTEDOFGUILTASWELL2DNAFINGERPRINTINGCANBEUNRELIABLEWHEN_ATHEMETHODSUSEDFORBLOODCELLCALCULATIONARENOTACCURATEBTWODIFFERENTINDIVIDUALSOFTHESAMEETHNICGROUPMAYHAVETHESAMEDNAFINGERPRINTINGPATTERNCAMATCHISBYCHANCELEFTWITHFINGERPRINTSTHATHAPPENTOBELONGTOTWODIFFERENTINDIVIDUALSDTWODIFFERENTINDIVIDUALSLEAVETWODNASAMPLES3TOGENETICISTSLIKELEWONTINANDHARTL,THECURRENTMETHOD_AISNOTSOCONVINCINGASTOEXCLUDETHELIKELIHOODTHATTWODNASAMPLESCANNEVERCOMEFROMTWOINDIVIDUALSBISARGUABLEBECAUSETWOINDIVIDUALSOFTHESAMEETHNICGROUPARELIKELYTOHAVETHESAMEDNAPATTERNCISNOTBASEDONADEQUATESCIENTIFICTHEORYOFGENETICSDISTHEORETICALLYCONTRADICTORYTOWHATTHEYHAVEBEENSTUDYING4THEATTITUDEOFTHEFEDERALBEREAUOFINVESTIGATIONSHOWSTHAT_AENOUGHDATAAREYETTOBECOLLECTEDFORMVARIOUSETHNICGROUPSTOCONFIRMTHEUNLIKELIHOODOFTWODNASAMPLESCOMINGFROMTWOINDIVIDUALMEMBERSBENOUGHDATAOFDNASAMPLESSHOULDBECOLLECTEDTOCONFIRMTHATONLYDNASAMPLESFORMTHESAMEPERSONCANMATCHCENOUGHDATAAREYETTOBECOLLECTEDFROMVARIOUSETHNICGROUPSTODETERMINETHELIKELIHOODOFTWODIFFERENTDNASAMPLESCOMINGFORMTHESAMEPERSONDADDITIONALSAMPLESFROMVARIOUSETHNICGROUPSSHOULDBECOLLECTEDTODETERMINETHATTWODNASAMPLESAREUNLIKELYTOCOMEFROMTHESAMEPERSON5NATIONALACADEMYOFSCIENCESHOLDSTHESTANCETHAT_ADNATESTINGSHOULDBESYSTEMATIZEDBONLYAUTHORIZEDLABORATORIESCANCONDUCTDNATESTINGCTHEACADEMYONLYISAUTHORIZEDTOWORKOUTSTANDARDSFORTESTINGDTHEACADEMYHASTHERIGHTTOACCREDITLABORATORIESFORDNATESTING答案CBABB4RACKET,DINCLAMOR,NOISE,WHATEVERYOUWANTTOCALLIT,UNWANTEDSOUNDISAMERICASMOSTWIDESPREADNUISANCEBUTNOISEISMORETHANJUSTANUISANCEITCONSTITUTESAREALANDPRESENTDANGERTOPEOPLESHEALTHDAYANDNIGHT,ATHOME,ATWORK,ANDATPLAY,NOISECANPRODUCESERIOUSPHYSICALANDPSYCHOLOGICALSTRESSNOONEISIMMUNETOTHISSTRESSTHOUGHWESEEMTOADJUSTTONOISEBYIGNORINGIT,THEEAR,INFACT,NEVERCLOSESANDTHEBODYSTILLRESPONDSSOMETIMESWITHEXTREMETENSION,ASTOASTRANGESOUNDINTHENIGHTTHEANNOYANCEWEFEELWHENFACEDWITHNOISEISTHEMOSTCOMMONOUTWARDSYMPTOMOFTHESTRESSBUILDINGUPINSIDEUSINDEED,BECAUSEIRRITABILITYISSOAPPARENT,LEGISLATORSHAVEMADEPUBLICANNOYANCETHEBASISOFMANYNOISEABATEMENTPROGRAMSTHEMORESUBTLEANDMORESERIOUSHEALTHHAZARDSASSOCIATEDWITHSTRESSCAUSEDBYNOISETRADITIONALLYHAVEBEENGIVENMUCHLESSATTENTIONNEVERTHELESS,WHENWEAREANNOYEDORMADEIRRITABLEBYNOISE,WESHOULDCONSIDERTHESESYMPTOMSFAIRWARNINGTHATOTHERTHINGMAYBEHAPPENINGTOUS,SOMEOFWHICHMAYBEDAMAGINGTOOURHEALTHOFMANYHEALTHHAZARDSTONOISE,HEARINGLOSSISTHEMOSTCLEARLYOBSERVABLEANDMEASURABLEBYHEALTHPROFESSIONALSTHEOTHERHAZARDSAREHARDERTOPINDOWNFORMANYOFUS,THEREMAYBEARISKTHATEXPOSURETOTHESTRESSOFNOISEINCREASESSUSCEPTIBILITYTODISEASEANDINFECTIONTHEMORESUSCEPTIBLEAMONGUSMAYEXPERIENCENOISEASACOMPLICATINGFACTORINHEARTPROBLEMSANDOTHERDISEASESNOISETHATCAUSESANNOYANCEANDIRRITABILITYINHEALTHPERSONSMAYHAVESERIOUSCONSEQUENCESFORTHESEALREADYILLINMINDORBODYNOISEAFFECTSUSTHROUGHOUTOURLIVESFOREXAMPLE,THEREAREINDICATIONSOFEFFECTSONTHEUNBORNCHILDWHENMOTHERSAREEXPOSEDTOINDUSTRIALANDENVIRONMENTALNOISEDURINGINFANCYANDCHILDHOOD,YOUNGSTERSEXPOSEDTOHIGHNOISELEVELSMAYHAVETROUBLEFALLINGASLEEPANDOBTAININGNECESSARYAMOUNTSOFRESTWHY,THEN,ISTHERENOTGREATERALARMABOUTTHESEDANGERSPERHAPSITISBECAUSETHELINKBETWEENNOISEANDMANYDISABILITIESORDISEASESHASNOTYETBEENCONCLUSIVELYDEMONSTRATEDPERHAPSITISBECAUSEWETENDTODISMISSANNOYANCEASAPRICETOPAYFORLIVINGINTHEMODERNWORLDITMAYALSOBEBECAUSEWESTILLTHINKOFHEARINGLOSSASONLYANOCCUPATIONALHAZARD1INPARAGRAPH1,THEPHRASE“IMMUNETO”AREUSEDTOMEAN_AUNAFFECTEDBYBHURTBYCUNLIKELYTOBESEENBYDUNKNOWNBY2THEAUTHORSATTITUDETOWARDNOISEWOULDBESTBEDESCRIBEDAS_AUNREALISTICBTRADITIONALCCONCERNEDDHYSTERICAL3WHICHOFTHEFOLLOWINGBESTSTATESTHEMAINIDEAOFTHEPASSAGEANOISEISAMAJORPROBLEMMOSTPEOPLERECOGNIZEITSIMPORTANCEBALTHOUGHNOISECANBEANNOYING,ITISNOTAMAJORPROBLEMCNOISEISAMAJORPROBLEMANDHASNOTYETBEENRECOGNIZEDASSUCHDNOISEISAMAJORPROBLEMABOUTWHICHNOTHINGCANBEDONE4THEAUTHORCONDEMNSNOISEESSENTIALLYBECAUSEIT_AISAGAINSTTHELAWBCANMAKESOMEPEOPLEIRRITABLECISANUISANCEDINAGANGERTOPEOPLESHEALTH5THEAUTHORWOULDPROBABLYCONSIDERRESEARCHABOUTTHEEFFECTSNOISEHASONPEOPLETOBE_AUNIMPORTANTBIMPOSSIBLECAWASTEOFMONEYDESSENTIAL答案ACCDD5ISLANGUAGE,LIKEFOOD,LIKEFOOD,ABASICHUMANNEEDWITHOUTWHICHACHILDATACRITICALPERIODOFLIFECANBESTARVEDANDDAMAGEDJUDGINGFROMTHEDRASTICEXPERIMENTOFFREDERICKIINTHETHIRTEENTHCENTURY,ITMAYBEHOPINGTODISCOVERWHATLANGUAGEACHILDWOULDSPEAKIFHEHEARDNOMOTHERTONGUE,HETOLDTHENURSESTOKEEPSILENTALLTHEINFANTSDIEDBEFORETHEFIRSTYEARBUTCLEARLYTHEREWASMORETHANLACKOFLANGUAGEHEREWHATWASMISSINGWASGOODMOTHERINGWITHOUTGOODMOTHERING,INTHEFIRSTYEAROFLIFEESPECIALLY,THECAPACITYTOSURVIVEISSERIOUSLYAFFECTEDTODAYNOSUCHSEVERELACKEXISTSASTHATORDEREDBYFREDERICKNEVERTHELESS,SOMECHILDRENARESTILLBACKWARDINSPEAKINGMOSTOFTENTHEREASONFORTHISISTHATTHEMOTHERISINSENSITIVETOTHESIGNALSOFTHEINFANT,WHOSEBRAINISPROGRAMMEDTOLEARNLANGUAGERAPIDLYIFTHESESENSITIVEPERIODSARENEGLECTED,THEIDEALTIMEFORACQUIRINGSKILLSPASSESANDTHEYMIGHTNEVERBELEARNEDSOEASILYAGAINABIRDLEARNSTOSINGANDTOFLYRAPIDLYATRIGHTTIME,BUTTHEPROCESSISSLOWANDHARDONCETHECRITICALSTAGEHASPASSEDEXPERTSSUGGESTTHATSPEECHSTAGESAREREACHEDINAFIXEDSEQUENCEANDATACONSTANTAGE,BUTTHEREARECASESWHERESPEECHHASSTARTEDLATEINACHILDWHOEVENTUALLYTURNSOUTTOBEOFHIGHIQATTWELVEWEEKSABABYSMILESANDMAKESBOWELLIKESOUNDSATTWELVEMONTHSHECANSPEAKSIMPLEWORDSANDUNDERSTANDSIMPLECOMMANDSATEIGHTEENMONTHSHEHASAVOCABULARYOFTHREETOFIFTYWORDSATTHREEHEKNOWSABOUT1,000WORDSWHICHHECANPUTINTOSENTENCES,ANDATFOURHISLANGUAGEDIFFERSFROMTHATOFHISPARENTSINBORNWITHTHECAPACITYTOSPEAKWHATISSPECIALABOUTMANSBRAIN,COMPAREDWITHTHATOFTHEMONKEY,ISTHECOMPLEXSYSTEMWHICHENABLESACHILDTOCOMMECTTHESIGHTANDFEELOF,SAY,ATOYBEARWITHTHESOUNDPATTERN“TOYBEAR”ANDEVENMOREINCREDIBLEISTHEYOUNGBRAINSABILITYTOPICKOUTANORDERINLANGUAGEFROMTHEMIXTUREOFSOUNDAROUNDHIM,TOANALYSE,TOCOMBINEANDRECOMBINETHEPARTSOFALANGUAGEINNEWWAYSBUTSPEECHHASTOBEINDUCED,ANDTHISDEPENDSONINTERACTIONBETWEENTHEMOTHERANDTHECHILD,WHERETHEMOTHERRECOGNIZESTHESIGNALSINTHECHILDSBABBLING,GRASPINGANDSMILING,ANDRESPONDSTOTHEMINSENSITIVITYOFTHEMOTHERTOTHESESIGNALSDULLSTHEINTERACTIONBECAUSETHECHILDGETSDISCOURAGEDANDSENDSOUTONLYTHEOBVIOUSSIGNALS,SENSITIVITYTOTHECHILDSNONVERBALSIGNALSISESSENTIALTOTHEGROWTHANDDEVELOPMENTOFLANGUAGE1THEPURPOSEOFFREDERICKISEXPERIMENTWAS_ATOPROVETHATCHILDRENAREBORNWITHABILITYTOSPEAKBTODISCOVERWHATLANGUAGEACHILDWOULDSPEAKWITHOUTHEARINGANYHUMANSPEAKCTOFINDOUTWHATROLECAREFULNURSINGWOULDPLAYINTEACHINGACHILDTOSPEAKDTOPROVETHATACHILDCOULDBEDAMAGEDWITHOUTLEARNINGALANGUAGE2THEREASONTHATSOMECHILDRENAREBACKWARDINSPEAKINGISMOSTLIKELYTHAT_ATHEYAREINCAPABLEOFLEARNINGLANGUAGERAPIDLYBTHEYAREEXPOSEDTOTOOMUCHLANGUAGEATONCECTHEIRMOTHERSRESPONDINADEQUATELYTOTHEIRATTEMPTSTOSPEAKDTHEIRMOTHERSARENOTINTELLIGENTENOUGHTOHELPTHEM3WHATISPARTICULARLYREMARKABLEABOUTACHILDISTHAT_AHEISBORNWITHTHECAPACITYTOSPEAKBHEHASABRAINMORECOMPLEXTHANANANIMALSCHECANPRODUCEHISOWNSENTENCESDHEOWESHISSPEECHABILITYTOGOODNURSING4WHICHOFTHEFOLLOWINGCANBEINFERREDFROMTHEPASSAGEATHEFACULTYOFSPEECHISINBORNINMANBTHECHILDSBRAINISHIGHLYSELECTIVECMOSTCHILDRENLEARNTHEIRLANGUAGEINDEFINITESTAGESDALLTHEABOVE5IFACHILDSTARTSTOSPEAKLATERTHANOTHERS,HEWILL_INFUTUREAHAVEAHIGHIQBBELESSINTELLIGENTCBEINSENSITIVETOVERBALSIGNALSDNOTNECESSARILYBEBACKWARD答案BCCDD6EVERYONEHASAMOMENTINHISTORY,WHICHBELONGSPARTICULARLYTOHIMITISTHEMOMENTWHENHISEMOTIONSACHIEVETHEIRMOSTPOWERFULSWAYOVERHIM,ANDAFTERWARDWHENYOUSAYTOTHISPERSON“THEWORLDTODAY”OR“LIFE”OR“REALITY”HEWILLASSUMETHATYOUMEANTHISMOMENT,EVENIFITISFIFTYYEARSPASTTHEWORLD,THROUGHHISUNLEASHED（释放的）EMOTIONS,IMPRINTEDITSELFUPONHIM,ANDHECARRIESTHESTAMPOFTHATPASSINGMOMENTFOREVERFORME,THISMOMENTFOURYEARSINAMOMENTINHISTORYWASTHEWARTHEWARWASANDISREALITYFORMEISTILLINSTINCTIVELYLIVEANDTHINKINITSATMOSPHERETHESEARESOMEOFITSCHARACTERISTICSFRANKLINDELANOROOSEVELTISTHEPRESIDENTOFTHEUNITEDSTATES,ANDHEALWAYSHASBEENTHEOTHERTWOETERNALWORLDLEADERSAREWINSTONCHURCHILLANDJOSEPHSTALINAMERICAISNOT,NEVERHASBEEN,ANDNEVERWILLBEWHATTHESONGANDPOEMSCALLIT,ALANDOFPLENTYNYLON,MEAT,GASOLINE,ANDSTEELARERARETHEREARETOOMANYJOBSANDNOTENOUGHWORKERSMONEYISVERYEASYTOEARNBUTRATHERHARDTOSPEND,BECAUSETHEREISNTVERYMUCHTOBUYTRAINSAREALWAYSLATEANDALWAYSCROWDEDWITH“SERVICEMEN”THEWARWILLALWAYSBEFOUGHTVERYFARFROMAMERICA,ANDITWILLNEVERENDNOTHINGINAMERICASTANDSSTILLFORVERYLONG,INCLUDINGTHEPEOPLEWHOAREALWAYSEITHERLEAVINGORONLEAVEPEOPLEINAMERICACRYOFTENSIXTEENISTHEKEYANDCRUCIALANDNATURALAGEFORAHUMANBEINGTOBE,ANDPEOPLEOFALLOTHERAGESARERANGEDINANORDERLYMANNERAHEADOFANDBEHINDYOUASAHARMONIOUSSETTINGFORTHESIXTEENYEAROLDSOFTHEWORLDWHENYOUARESIXTEEN,ADULTSARESLIGHTLYIMPRESSEDANDALMOSTINTIMIDATEDBYYOUTHISISAPUZZLEFINALLYSOLVEDBYTHEREALIZATIONTHATTHEYFORESEEYOURMILITARYFUTUREFIGHTINGFORTHEMYOUDONOTFORESEEITTOWASTEANYTHINGINAMERICAISIMMORALSTRINGANDTINFOILARETREASURESNEWSPAPERSAREALWAYSCROWEDWITHSTRANGEMAPSANDNAMESOFTOWNS,ANDEVERYFEWMONTHSTHEEARTHSEEMSTOLURCH（突然倾斜）FROMITSPATHWHENYOUSEESOMETHINGINTHENEWSPAPERS,SUCHASTHETIMEMUSSOLINI,WHOALMOSTSEEMEDONEOFTHEETERNALLEADERS,ISPHOTOGRAPHEDHANGINGUPSIDEDOWNONAMEATHOOK1WHICHSTATEMENTBESTDEPICTSTHEMAINIDEAOFTHEFIRSTPARAGRAPHAREALITYISWHATYOUMAKEOFITBTIMEISLIKEARIVERCEMOTIONSAREPOWERFULDEVERYPERSONHASASPECIALMOMENT2WHYDOESTHEAUTHORSTILLCLEARLYREMEMBERTHEWARAFRANKLINDELANOROOSEVELTWASPRESIDENTBITWASHISPERSONALREALITYANDPARTOFHISLIFECTHEREWASNOTMUCHTOBUYDTHEWARWOULDNEVEREND3WHICHSTATEMENTBESTDESCRIBESTHEAUTHORSFEELINGSABOUTTHEWARAITWASEVERREALFORHIM,YETHEWASNOTACTIVELYINVOLVEDBITWASREALFORHIMBECAUSEHEWASASOLDIERATTHATTIMECITWASVERYUNREALTOHIMDTHEWARWASVERYDISRUPTIVETOTHEPEOPLEATHOME4WHYDOESTHEAUTHORTHINKTHATADULTSAREIMPRESSEDWITHSIXT