心理学记忆和情绪演示课件

Chapter 3 MENTAL PROCESS,Liping Jia,1 Introduction,3 Memory,4 Emotion,2 Sensation and Perception,Two questions,What did you learn in the class before this class?If you win 5 million lottery, how do you feel?,Memory,Memorypersistence of learning over time via the storage and retrieval of information,Memory,You remembered what you learned in the last class, this is memory. Memory is very important for usWith out memory, we can not know our parents, friends and so on. Our life will be terrible. Alzheimers disease,/v_show/id_XNTIyNzI4OTQ0.html?spm=a2h0j.8191423.module_basic_relation.55!255!555A&from=y1.2-1-87.3.3-1.1-1-1-2-0/v_show/id_XNDU3NzE3NzQw.html?tpa=dW5pb25faWQ9MTAyMjEzXzEwMDAwMl8wMV8wMQ,Memory,Memory as Information Processingsimilar to a computer write to file (encoding)save to disk (storage)read from disk (retrieval),Memory,Encodingthe processing of information into the memory systemi.e., extracting meaning,Memory,Storagethe retention of encoded information over timeRetrievalprocess of getting information out of memory,Memory,Sensory Memorythe immediate, initial recording of sensory information in the memory systemWorking Memoryfocuses more on the processing of briefly stored information,Memory,Short-Term Memoryactivated memory that holds a few items brieflylook up a phone number, then quickly dial before the information is forgottenLong-Term Memorythe relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system,A Simplified Memory Model,Encoding: Getting Information In,Encoding,Automatic Processingunconscious encoding of incidental informationspacetime,Encoding,Effortful Processingrequires attention and conscious effort,Encoding,Ebbinghaus used nonsense syllables TUV ZOF GEK WAVthe more times practiced on Day 1, the fewer repetitions to relearn on Day 2Spacing Effectdistributed practice yields better long- term retention than massed practice,Encoding,Encoding: Serial Position Effect,Serial Position Effect-tendency to recall best the last items in a list,What Do We Encode?,Semantic Encodingencoding of meaningincluding meaning of wordsAcoustic Encodingencoding of soundespecially sound of wordsVisual Encodingencoding of picture images,中英文日报导航站 ,Encoding,Encoding,Imagerymental picturesa powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encodingChill spark trail,Encoding,Chunkingorganizing items into familiar, manageable unitslike horizontal organization-1776149218121941,中英文日报导航站 ,Encoding: Chunking,Organized information is more easily recalled,Storage:Short-Term Memory,Short-Term Memory limited in duration and capacity“magical” number 7+/-2,Storage: Long-Term Memory Subsystems,Retrieval: Getting Information Out,Recallmeasure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier as on a fill-in-the blank testRecognitionMeasure of memory in which the person has only to identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test,Retrieval,Relearningmemory measure that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material a second timePrimingactivation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory,Forgetting,Forgetting as encoding failureInformation never enters the long-term memory,Forgetting,Forgetting as encoding failureWhich penny is the real thing?,Forgetting,Ebbinghaus forgetting curve over 30 days- initially rapid, then levels off with time,Forgetting,Forgetting can result from failure to retrieve information from long-term memory,Forgetting as Interference,Learning some items may disrupt retrieval of other informationProactive (forward acting) Interferencedisruptive effect of prior learning on recall of new informationRetroactive (backwards acting) Interferencedisruptive effect of new learning on recall of old information,中英文日报导航站 ,Forgetting as Interference,Forgetting,Retroactive Interference,Forgetting,Forgetting can occur at any memory stageAs we process information, we filter, alter, or lose much of it,Forgetting- Interference,Motivated Forgettingpeople unknowingly revise memoriesRepressiondefense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories,中英文日报导航站 ,Memory Construction,Eyewitnesses reconstruct memories when questioned,Improve Your Memory,Study repeatedly to boost recallSpend more time rehearsing or actively thinking about the materialMake material personally meaningfulUse mnemonic devices associate with peg words-something already storedmake up storychunk,Improve Your Memory,Activate retrieval cues-mentally recreate situation and moodRecall events while they are fresh- before you encounter misinformationMinimize interference Test your own knowledgerehearsedetermine what you do not yet know,Emotion,39,Emotion,40,angry,happy,Emotion,41,fear,sad,Emotion,42,Emotion,Faraday, an UK scientists, because of his work stress and his poor body condition, he fall ill frequently. Many treatments were not effective, then, a famous doctor gave him a check, without a prescription, just gave him a words: a clown into the city, more than a dozen doctors.“,43,Emotion,Faraday savor this sentence. From then on, he often took time to go to the circus and comedy, good show always made him laugh, he also took a holiday to the field and the beach, keep happy mood, over time, Faradays body gradually recovered.,44,Emotion,What can you learn from the story?/movie/2015/10/G/O/MB5HOOGO0_MB5HPT9GO.html,45,Theories of emotion,James-Lange TheoryCannon-Bard TheoryCognitive Perspectives on Emotion,46,Theories of emotion,What is emotion?,47,48,Think: why the rain cause different emotions?,Theories of emotion,49,Theories of emotion,Xiao ming,Farmer,need,Play football,rain,Not satisfied,satisfied,disappointed,happy,Emotion: The personal experience generated from whether th