高优指导2017英语人教版一轮语法专题9虚拟语气PPT文档

语法专题九虚拟语气,-2-,英语中有三种不同的语气:陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-3-,-3-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一虚拟语气用于条件句中 1.表示与现在事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语动词用一般过去式(be的过去式用were);主句中谓语用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。(2014北京)We would be back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.如果你没丢失地图的话,我们现在就回到旅馆了。2.表示与过去事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语用“had+过去分词”;主句中谓语用“would/should/could/might+have+过去分词”。 (2014湖南)If Mr.Dewey had been present,he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.如果杜威先生在场的话,他会给那里的人们尽可能地提供帮助。,-4-,-4-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,3.表示与将来的事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语用一般过去式或“should+动词原形”或“were to+动词原形”;主句中谓语用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live/should live/lived there,she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.格雷斯不想搬到纽约去,因为她认为如果她住在那儿的话,就不能经常见到她的父母了。,-5-,-5-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,4.虚拟条件句有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件句形式表现出来,而是通过一个介词短语、连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有without,with,but for(要是没有),otherwise,or,but等。(2015重庆)Without his wartime experiences,Hemingway wouldnt have written his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.如果没有战时的经历,海明威就不会写出他的著名小说永别了,武器。But for your advice,I could not have done it so successfully.要是没有你的建议,我就不会这么成功。I was so busy then;otherwise,I would have gone to help him.那时我太忙了,否则我就去帮他了。,-6-,-6-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,(2014浙江)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation,or they would have come to our help.我们开展这项调查的几个月间他们在国外,否则他们会来帮助我们的。5.错综时间条件句中的虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据主从句所表示的时间做出相应的调整。(2013北京)If we had booked a table earlier,we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.如果我们早点儿预订一张桌子,我们就不用站在这儿排队了。(从句说的是过去的情况,主句说的是现在的情况)If I were you,I would have gone abroad.如果我是你,我就会出国了。(从句说的是现在的情况,主句说的是过去的情况),-7-,-7-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,6.省略if的虚拟语气如果if从句中含有were/should/had时,则可以省略if,把这三个词置于句首,采用倒装语序。If I were you,I would go to the party.Were I you,I would go to the party.如果我是你,我会去参加聚会。If it should happen,what would you do?Should it happen,what would you do?如果那件事真的发生了,你会做什么?If you had come earlier,you would catch the bus.Had you come earlier,you would catch the bus.如果你早点来的话,你就赶上那辆公交车了。,-8-,-8-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点二wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气用法在wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句中通常用虚拟语气。从句中谓语的构成形式为:1.表示对现在情况的虚拟,从句中谓语动词用一般过去式(be动词用were)。(2014北京东城统一检测)Do you like the school?Yeah.I only wish the classes were a little smaller.你喜欢这个学校吗?是的。我只希望我们的班级小一些。,-9-,-9-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,2.表示对过去情况的虚拟,从句中谓语常用“had+过去分词”。(2015天津)I wish I had been at my sisters wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then.我多么希望自己上个星期二能参加姐姐的婚礼呀,可是我当时正在纽约出差。I wish he had come yesterday.我希望他昨天来了。3.表示对将来的主观愿望,从句中谓语常用“would/could/might+动词原形”。I wish it would be fine tomorrow.我希望明天有个好天气。,-10-,-10-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点三谓语必须用“(should+) 动词原形”的情况1.表示“建议,要求,命令”的动词:一坚持(insist),二命令(order,command),三建议(suggest,propose,advise),四要求(demand,require,request,ask)后面的宾语从句或由it做形式主语的主语从句中的谓语要用“(should+) 动词原形”。这些动词相应的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语也要用“(should+) 动词原形”。The teacher ordered that the homework(should) be handed in on time.老师要求我们按时上交作业。,-11-,-11-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,(2013陕西)My mom suggests that we (should) eat out for a change this weekend.我妈妈建议本周末我们出去吃饭换换口味。注意:suggest做“表明,暗示”讲时,不用虚拟语气;insist 做“坚持认为”讲时,不用虚拟语气。The smile on his face suggested he was happy.他脸上的笑容表明他很开心。The boy insisted he hadnt stolen the money.那个男孩坚持说他没有偷钱。,-12-,-12-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,2.在“It is important/strange/natural/necessary/a pity/a shame等+that从句”中,表示情绪、观点等,主语从句中的谓语用“(should+) 动词原形”。It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer.遗憾的是他拒绝接受那个提议。,-13-,-13-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点四虚拟语气在其他句型中的使用1.在as if/as though引导的状语从句中,若从句与事实相反,则要用虚拟语气。具体情况如下:当从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生时,从句谓语动词用一般过去式。当从句的动作相对主句来说在将来发生时,从句谓语用“would/could .+动词原形”。当从句的动作发生于主句的动作之前时,从句谓语动词用过去完成式。He talks as if he knew all about it.他谈论起来好像他知道一切一样。He walked in as if he had bought the school.他走进来好像他已经买下了学校一样。,-14-,-14-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,2.在It is (high) time that .句型中也用虚拟语气,从句谓语动词常用过去式。Jack is a great talker.Its high time that he did something instead of just talking.杰克是个空谈家。到了他做点事而不是夸夸其谈的时候了。3.would rather后接动词原形,但接从句时要用虚拟语气(宁愿,但愿)。具体情况如下:当从句表示与现在或将来事实相反时,从句谓语动词用一般过去式。当从句表示与过去事实相反时,谓语动词用过去完成式。,-15-,-15-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,(2014陕西)We would rather our daughter stayed at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer.我宁愿女儿和我们一起待在家里,但是她可以自己做出选择,毕竟她不是小孩了。Id rather you hadnt told Mike the bad news.我宁愿你没有告诉迈克那个坏消息。4.if only “要是就好了”。表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望时,句子谓语动词用一般过去式;表示与过去事实相反的愿望时,句子谓语动词用过去完成式。If only I had passed the driving test last week!要是我通过了上周的驾驶考试就好了!,-16-,-16-,答案,解析,.根据语境用所给单词的适当形式填空1.(2014安徽)People are recycling many things which they (throw) away in the past.,-17-,-17-,答案,解析,2.(2014重庆)It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I (do) it?,-18-,-18-,答案,解析,3.(2014福建)(there be) no modern telecommunications,we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.,-19-,-19-,答案,解析,4.(2015北京)If I (see) it with my own eyes,I wouldnt have believed it.,-20-,-20-,答案,解析,5.(2014杭州高考科目教学质检)The voluntary service saved you a sum of money that you otherwise (spend) on the agency responsible for finding your pets.,-21-,-21-,答案,解析,6.(2014福州质量检测)What if you (forget) to send an essay with your application?I would have been rejected.,-22-,-22-,答案,解析,7.(2014陕西质量检测一)We are close friends.We (face) the problem together,but why didnt you let me know?,-23-,-23-,答案,解析,8.(2015福州第二次质检)How I wish I (pass) the geography exam!So youre sorry that you didnt work hard.,-24-,-24-,答案,解析,9.(2014浙江金丽衢十二校第二次联考)The upset mother thought to herself,“If only I (know) whats going on in my little boys head right now.”,-25-,-25-,答案,解析,10.(2014安徽安庆二模)Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40,probably he (be) valued as a minor poet now.,-26-,-26-,.完成句子1.你摔下来的时候要不是我站在梯子下面接住你,你现在就不会站在这里笑了。If I hadnt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell,you here now.2.他不可能跟他们不打招呼就离开了,因为他一直是个有礼貌的人。He without saying goodbye to them,for he always has good manners.,wouldnt be smiling,couldnt have left,-27-,-27-,3.这个男孩可能考试又不及格,如果是这样的话,他母亲会很失望的。The boy the test again.In that case,his mother will be very disappointed.4.噢,我觉得胃不舒服。我刚才不应该吃那么多炸鸡。Oh,Im not feeling well in the stomach.I so much fried chicken just now.5.幸亏飞行员在那场可怕的风暴中保持镇静,要不然这场事故是不可避免的。The pilot kept calm in the terrible storm;otherwise the accident .,might fail,shouldnt have eaten,wouldnt have been prevented,-28-,-28-,.阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或用括号中词语的正确形式填空The scene in the Hollywood movie The Day After Tomorrow,where global warming 1.(can) soon turn the global climate into a new ice age,2. never occur,according to new research.The next ice age 3.(can) be 15,000 years away,say European scientists who last month announced a continuous record of 740,000 years of climate data obtained from the Antarctic ice.,could,may,could,-29-,-29-,Scientists from 10 nations 4. now almost completely drilled through a 3,000-meter depth of ice high in the Antarctic mainland.They figure out that the area where summer temperatures 5. fall to -40,has at least 900,000 years of snowfalls,kept as neatly as the growth rings of a tree.And the ice and air caught in each layer 6. begun to answer questions about the climates in the past.The results show that there have been eight ice ages in the past 740,000 years and eight warmer periods.And by comparing the pattern of global conditions today with those of the past,the researchers reported in Nature that the present warm period 7. last another 15,000 years.,have,can,have,could,-30-,-30-,Research suggests that there 8.(be) a very close connection between greenhouse gas levels and global average temperatures.It also shows that carbon dioxide levels 9. the highest for at least 440,000 years.“If people say to you:the greenhouse effect is a good thing because we 10.(will) go into an ice age otherwise,our data say no;a new ice age 11. not hanging over our heads,” said Eric Wolff from the British Antarctic Survey.“Now we have eight examples of how the climate goes in and out of ice ages .and you 12. learn what the rules 13. that go into the climate models that tell us about the future.”,is,are,would,is,can,are,-31-,-31-,Scientists found that whenever temperatures rose in the froze