初中英语简单句的5种基本类型-课件（PPT演示）

英语句子概论,1. 句子的成分,主语:表示句子说的是什么人或什么事,由名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子充当位于句首。谓语:说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样由动词或动词词组充当, 位于主语后。宾语:表示动作行为的对象,通常位于及物动词和介词后面。宾语补足语:补充宾语的成分,通常位于宾语后。由形容词，名词，介词短语等充当。表语:说明主语的性质或特征,位于系动词之后。以上的成分称为基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2-4个基本成分。,定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.There are thirty women teachers is our school.His rapid progress in English made us surprised. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.He is reading an article about how to learn English.Tom is a boy who likes music very much.,（形容词）,（分词）,（名词）,（代词）,（不定式）,（动名词）,（介词短语）,（从句）,状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。通常有副词，介词短语和从句充当状语种类如下：How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）Last night she didnt go to the dance party because ofthe rain.（原因状语）I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）,She put the eggs into the basket with great care.方式状语She came in with a dictionary in her hand.伴随状语In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.目的状语He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.结果状语She works very hard though she is old.让步状语I am taller than he is.比较状语,同位语: 对其前面的名词代词做进一步解释. That is Mr. Chen, our English teacher. 插入语: 对一句话作一些附加的解释. To be honest, I dont quite agree with you.,定语，状语，同位语及插入语可以称为附属句子成分。,2.句子的分类,简单句五种基本类型,简单句（Simple Sentences）由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。并列句 (Compound Sentences)由并列连词（and, but, or, so等）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。复合句 Complex Sentences由一个主句和一个以上的从句构成的句子。英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由简单句的五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的,只要把这些基本句型弄清楚,你就会游刃有余了!-呵呵,就像俺这样:,Do not worry!,(一).简单句: 只有一个主语(或并列主语) 和 一个谓语(或并列谓语): .Tom likes rock music. .Tom and John are fond of rock music. .Tom sat down at his desk and began to do his homework.,简单句五种基本句型,1.主语+谓语 S+V2.主语+系动词+表语S+V+P3.主语+谓语+宾语S+V+O4.主语+谓语+间宾+直宾S+V+INO+DO5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补S+V+O+OC,一个完整的简单句按结构分 由 “主语部分+谓语部分”构成For example: The man is writing.(主语部分) (谓语部分),哲学上说:运动是绝对的静止是相对的,造句的关键就在于动词一般而言,每个句子都应该有个动词( 除了省略句外 ),动词,连系动词主要动词 行为动词 助动词辅助动词 情态动词,不及物动词 laugh / smile / look / listen及物动词 see / hear / drink / eat,be (is/ am /are / was / were)do / does / didhave / has / hadwill / shall / be going to/,can / may / must / shall / needcould / should / would / mighthave (has) to / had better,be ( is am are was were) / seem / keep是/好象(似乎)是/保持look / feel / taste / smell / sound 看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去)become / turn / get / grow 变得,连系动词,be ( is am are was were) / seem / keep /是/好象(似乎)是/保持look / feel / taste / smell / sound / 看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去)become / turn / get / grow / 变得,表语:表示主语是什么(身份)或者怎么样(处于什么状态)。由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。和连系动词一起构成谓语,也就是说: 连系动词后面的就是表语!,连系动词,主系表结构（SVP） =主语+连系动词+表语,Miss liangis a good teacher.,The movie is interesting/wonderful.,He feels hungry.,The flower looks beautiful.,He is a boy. She is a girl. We are students. They are good. The book is interestingWe are in the classroomThe pen is in the box,主语 连系动词 表语,1. It is getting warmer and warmer. He looks pretty happy today. 高考经常考查的系动词: . “变得” _, _, _, _, _. . “看起来”_,_,_ “闻起来” _ “尝起来” _ “摸起来” _ “听起来”_,主语+系动词+表语 (S+V+P),get become,turn go grow,look seem appear,smell,taste,feel,sound,He looks / seems ill.The apple tastes nice.Trees turn green.Your idea sounds good.,系动词的用法: (注意三点) +_作表语; 无 _; 无 _; e.g. The dish _. (尝起来好吃) The story _. (听起来有趣).,adj.,宾语,被动语态,tastes delicious,sounds interesting,主语Subject :表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物” 。也就是动作的发出者。一般由名词、代词或相当于名词、代词的词或短语等充当。,谓语Predicate :说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。也就是做了什么行为动作或处于什么状态。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）用动词。,宾语Object :表示动作、行为的对象。也就是动作的接受者。一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。,狗 咬 人 。主语The dog 谓语bites 宾语a man,人 跑 。主语The man 谓语 run.,及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词: see / hear / drink / eat / I saw him last week.We heard the bad news yesterday.They eat bread every day.He drank a glass of milk just now.不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词: laugh / smile / look / listen / She smiled happily.They laughed loudly. 如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助:She look at the blackboard carefully.He listened to his teacher in class.They laughed at us after the match.,什么是及物动词(vt)和不及物动词(vi)呢?,The boy is fishing.,The girl dances well.,The duck is swimming.,The woman walks slowly.,主谓结构（SV） =主语+谓语动词,不及物动词,Xudonglikes playingbasketball .,Wubin plays computer games every day.,Xianwenplayed soccer yesterday.,Littlepigis playing the guitarnow.,及物动词,主谓宾结构（SVO） =主语+谓语+宾语,有些词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，那就要看意思上的区别了：,他们在放风筝。They are flying the kites.,风筝在天上飞。The kites are flying in the sky.,Santa Claus gave me a present.,MissXieteaches us. Miss Xie teaches English.,Miss Xie teaches us English.,She told me a story.,及物动词,主谓双宾结构（SVInODO）=主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语,可以用于这种句式的动词主要有 (A) buy / build / choose / cook / make / draw He bought me a new bike.也可以改为for sb 的句式 He bought a new bike for me. (B) give / take / send / bring / show / write / sell / lend / pass / return / offer / readShe lent me a book.也可以改为 to sb的句式 She lent a book to me. (c) borrow/ get也可以改为from sb的句式 She borrowed a book from me yesterday.,主谓宾宾补结构（SVOOC）=主语+谓语+宾语+宾语的补足语,He told me to clean my room.,I saw her dancing.,Miss liangasks us to read English every day.,及物动词,可以用于这种句式的动词主要有,let / make sb. do sth.,ask / tell / want / allow / wish / sb. to do sth.expect / encourage / invite / teach,find / see / hear / watch / notice / feel sb. do sth. sb. doing sth.,help sb. (to) do sth.,_句 Xiaoxuan is a very good girl . _句: They laughed. The kites fly in the sky._句: Guannan bought a new bike. Wenkui plays volleyball. _句: She told me a story. Xinjia gave me a good book._句: He asked me to help him. Tianlong made me happy.,蛮简单的哦!Let me try!,(主语) (连系动词) (表语),(主语) (谓语动词) (主语) (谓语动词),(主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语),(主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语) (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语),(主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾补) (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾补),主系表,主谓,主谓宾,主谓宾宾,主谓宾宾补,The boy is asleep.,The boy is sleeping.,主谓宾,主谓,The boy is playing the guitar.,His music is very beautiful.,It is beautiful music.,主系表,He is playing happily.,判断这些句子的类型并理解be动词的双重身份（连系动词助动词）,Exercise, Everything goes well. we exercise every day. we are sitting now. You are listening carefully. You are listening to me carefully. we are having an English class. I teach you English. last week I bought a gift for my son. I will write a letter