2015职称英语考试综合A试题与答案

2015 年职称英语综合类试题 A 及答案下面共有 15 个句子，每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的 4 个选项中选择 1 个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。1 The nursery is bright and cheerful.A pleasant B clean C peaceful D large2 This kind of material was seldom used in building houses during the Middle Ages.A never B rarely C often D only3 People from many places were drawn to the city by its growing economy.A fetched B carried C attractedD pushed4 The soldier displayed remarkable courage in the battle.A placedB showed C pointed D decided5 How do you account for your absence from the class last Thursday?A explain B examineC chooseD expand6 About one quarter of the workers in the country are employed in factoriesA third B fourthC tenth D fifteenth7 She was grateful to him for being so good to her.A careful B hatefulC beautifulD thankful8 There are only five minutes left, but the outcome of the match is still in doubt.A resultB judgementC estimation D event9 He is certain that the dictionary is just what I want.A sure B angryC doubtful D worried10 The last few weeks have been enjoyable.A close B nearC past D several11 What were the consequences of the decision she had made?A reasonsB resultsC causes D bases12 They didnt realize how serious the problem wasA knowB forgetC doubt D remember13 We shall keep the money in a secure placeA clean B secretC distant D safe14 The great changes of the city astonished every visitor to that city.A attacked B surprisedC attractedD interested15 The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its centreA get rid of B set upC repair D paint参考答案：1.A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. A6. B 7. D 8. A 9. A 10. C11. B 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. A阅读判断(第 1622 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把 A 涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把 B 涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把 C 涂黑。The Industrial Age and EmploymentThe industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most peoples work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from peoples homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many peoples work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded-a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.16 The established work patterns may be changed with the closing of the industrial age.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned17 Universal employment has brought about economic freedom.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned18 Many people depended on the land for a living before the 17th century.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned19 Improved transport enabled people to travel longer distances to their work places.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned20 Employed women of equal qualifications are paid less than men.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned21 A large number of teenagers will quit school next year.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned22 Now is the time to handle the issue of employment in a practical manner.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned16. A 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. C21. C 22. A概括大意与完成句子(第 2330 题，每题 1 分，共 8 分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 25段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题;(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上.Searching for Smiles1 Ask most people anywhere in the world what they want out of life and the reply will probably be: “to be happy.“ Ed Deiner, an American psychology professor, has spent his whole professional life studying what makes people happy, comparing levels of happiness between cultures and trying to find out exactly why we enjoy ourselves.2 Many people would say that this question does not need an answer. But Professor Deiner has one anyway. “If youre a cheerful, happy person, your marriage is more likely to last, and youre more likely to make money and be successful at your job. On average, happy people have stronger immune (免疫的) systems, and there is some evidence that they live longer.“3 So who are the worlds happiest people? It depends on how the word is defined. There is individual happiness, the sense of joy we get when we do something we like. But there is also the feeling of satisfaction we get when we know that others respect us and approve of how we behave. According to Professor Deiner, the Western world pursues individual happiness while Asia prefers mutual satisfaction.4 “In the West, the individualistic (个人主义的) culture means that your mood matters much more than it does in the East. People ask themselves, what can I do thats fun or interesting? They become unhappy when they cant do any of these things. If you ask people from Japan or China if they are happy, they tend to look at what has gone wrong in their lives. If not much has gone wrong, then they are satisfied.“5 People from Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries had the happiest culture, Professor Deiner found. “The biggest cultural difference is to do with pride and shame. Hispanic (西班牙语言的) cultures report much more pride and much less shame than others.“6 Income also made a big difference to peoples happiness, but only at the lowest levels. Average income earners in the US were much happier than people in poverty. But millionaires were only a little bit happier than people on average incomes. It seems that money makes us happy when we have enough to feel secure.7 But can we be too happy? “You get people who are actually happy, but they think happiness is so important that they try to be even happier. This desire to be always happy is a product of individualism, where the emphasis is on you individually, your emotions and feeling good. People can end up feeling unhappy because ordinary happiness is not good enough for them.“1 Paragraph 2_ .2 Paragraph 3_ .3 Paragraph 4_ .4 Paragraph 5_ .A Happiest CultureB An Unhappy PersonC Definition of HappinessD Cultural Differences in HappinessE Reasons to Be HappyF Individual and Ordinary Happiness5 Professor Deiner has spent many years studying_ in happiness.6 Professor Deiner believes that a happy person is less prone (易患) to_ .7 Once we have got enough to feel safe, money does not make _ difference to our happiness.8 According to Professor Deiner, some people feel unhappy because they cannot appreciate_ .A a questionB ordinary happinessC individualismD cultural differencesE muchF illnesses23. E 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. D28. F 29. E 30. B阅读理解(第 115 题，每题 3 分，共 45 分)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每道题后面都有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇Sleep Necessary for MemoriesBurning the midnight oil before an exam or interview does harm to the performance according to a recent research which found that sleep is necessary for memories to be taken back into the brain. A good nights sleep within 30 hours of trying to remember a new task is a required condition of having good recall in the weeks ahead, scientists have found.The research, published in the December issue of Nature Neuroscience, showed that it was the act of sleep, rather than the simple passage of time, that was critical for long-term memory formation.“We think that getting that first nights sleep starts the process of memory consolidation (巩固),“ said Robert Stickgold, a sleep researcher at Harvard Medical School who conducted the latest study.“It seems that memories normally wash out of the brain unless some process nails them down. My suspicion is that sleep is one of those things that does the flailing down,“ Professor Stickgold said.With about one in five people claiming that they are so chronically short of sleep that it affects their daily activities, the latest work emphasizes the less well-understood side effect- serious memory impairment (损害).Volunteers in an experiment found it easier to remember a memory task if they were allowed to sleep that night. But for those kept awake, no amount of subsequent sleep made up for the initial loss.Professor Stickgolds team trained 24 people to identify the direction of three diagonal (斜线形的) bars flashed for a sixtieth of a second on a computer screen full of horizontal (水平的) stripes.Half of the subjects were kept awake that night, while the others slept. Both groups were allowed to sleep for the second and third nights to make up for any differences in tiredness between the volunteers.Those who slept the first night were significantly and consistently better at remembering the task while the second group showed no improvement despite enjoying two nights of catch-up sleep.1 The research published in Nature Neuroscience showed that what was essential to the formation of long-term memory was_.A intelligence.B time.C food.D sleep.2 Which of the following statements about the research is NOT true?A It was done within 30 hours.B It was headed by Professor Stickgold.C It focused on long-term memory formation.D There were altogether 24 subjects in the experiment.3 Stickgolds research focused on the side effect produced by_.A memory impairment.B lack of sleep.C low work efficiency.D memory recall.4 In Stickgolds experiment, those who were kept awake on the first night_.A could very well remember the direction of the diagonal bars.B didnt do any better after two nights sleep.C were as tired as those who were not.D could recall the direction of more bars than those who were not.5 Those who slept the first night_.A couldnt remember the task.B could not sleep the second and third nights.C performed slightly better than those who did notD did much better than those who did not.第二篇The Cherokee NationLong before the white man came to America, the land belonged to the American Indian nations. The nation of the Cherokees lived in what is now the southeastern part of the United States.After the white man came, the Cherokees copied many of their ways. One Cherokee named Sequoyah saw how important reading and writing were to the white man. He decided to invent a way to write down the spoken Cherokee language. He began by making word pictures For each word he drew a picture. But that proved impossible - there were just too many words. Then he took the 85 sounds that made up the language. Using his own imagination and an English spelling book, Sequoyah invented a sign for each sound. His alphabet proved amazingly easy to learn. Before long, many Cherokees knew how to read and write in their own language. By 1828, they were even prin