六级阅读理解题选项特征分析笔记

阅读理解题选项特征分析资料详情1、传 统 阅 读在大学英语六级考试中，阅读理解题占据分值比例为 35%，相比于听力理解题需要大量练习而言，对于广大考生来说更容易突破一点，是为整个六级考试中决定成败的题目。值此考试临近，将在本文中给广大考生梳理一下阅读理解题的选项特征，以达到明确备考思路，有的放矢！通常来说，到这个阶段，考生已经把近年的真题都做过一大部分了，这时往往会出现慌乱，并开始去做各种模拟题，这是不推荐的，认为只有真题会对考试有针对性的指向。那这时如果再看真题可能有的考生朋友会说：“答案都记住了，单词也背了，还有什么值得看的？”之类的问题，建议还是要看，要研究正确答案与文章的关系。在六级阅读部分，正确答案与文章存在四种关系：1. 原文再现；2. 结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换；3. 语序调整同义替换；4. 全文整体同义转换。六级的阅读问题分别对应方法如下：传统阅读，平均每次考试大部分属于 2.结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换和 3. 语序调整同义替换，少数会出现 1. 原文再现和 4. 全文整体同义转换。这个阶段看做过的题，建议考生尽量把选项与文章进行对比，看看能不能把每个题的选项与文章按以上关系对号入座。经过这样的思考，当我们再看到新题时，就会不由自主的给每个选项进行归类分析，也就能相对更快的找出正确答案了。下面，以 2010 年 12 月的六级阅读真题中一篇传统阅读为例进行分析。传统阅读：52. In theearly 20th century Americans believed science and technology could _.A solve virtually all existing problems C help raise peoples living standardsB quicken the pace of industrialization D promote the nations social progress来自文章中的这句：In the early 20th century, few things weremore appealing than the promise of scientific knowledge. In a world strugglingwith rapid industrialization, science and technology seemed to offer solutionsto almost every problem.由此可见，A 项最为接近原文，属于 2. 结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换。把原文中的offer solutions to almost every problem 替换成了 solvevirtually all existing problems。53. Why did many American scholars become enthusiastic about humanistic studiesafter World War?A They wanted to improve their own status within the currenteducation system.B They believed the stability of a society depended heavily onhumanistic studies.C They could get financial support from various foundations forhumanistic studies.D They realized science and technology alone were no guarantee for abetter world.来自文章中的这句：Two world wars and a Great Depressionrocked the confidence of many people that scientific expertise alone couldcreate a prosperous and ordered world. After World War , theacademic world turned with new enthusiasm to humanistic studies, which seemedto many scholars the best way to ensure the survival of democracy.由此可见，D 项与原文最为接近，属于 2. 结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换。把原文中的rocked the confidence scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous and orderedworld替换成了 science and technology alone were no guarantee for a better world。54. Why areAmerican scholars worried about education today?A The STEM subjects are too challenging for students to learn.B Some Asian countries have overtaken America in basic sciences.C America is lagging behind in the STEM disciplines.D There are not enough scholars in humanistic studies.来自文章中的这句：There is considerable and justified concernthat the United States is falling behind much of the rest of thedeveloped world in these essential disciplines.由此可见，C 项最为接近原文，属于 2. 结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换。把原文中的falling 替换成了 lagging，essential disciplines 指代上文中的 STEM disciplines。55. Whataccounts for the significant decline in humanistic studies today?A Insufficient funding. C Shortage of devoted faculty.B Shrinking enrollment. D Dim prospects for graduates.来自文章中的这句：At the same time, perhaps inevitably, thehumanitieswhile still popular in elite colleges and universitieshaveexperienced a significant decline. Humanistic disciplines are seriouslyunderfunded, not just by the government and the foundations but by academicinstitutions themselves.由此可见，A 项与原文最接近，属于 2. 结构顺序相同，词语同义替换。把原文中的underfunded 替换成了 insufficient funding。56. Why doesthe author attach so much importance to humanistic studies?A They promote the development of science and technology.B They help prepare students for their professional careers.C Humanistic thinking helps define our culture and values.D Humanistic thinking helps cultivate students creativity.来自文章中的这句：But try to imagine our world as wellwithout the remarkable works that have defined our culture and values.由此可见，C 项与原文最为接近，属于 1. 原文再现。明确了这些正确答案的特征再看新题，相信会给各位考生朋友一点启发。最后附上另一篇 2010 年 12 月的传统阅读题，以供大家训练一下。Will there ever be another Einstein? Thisis the undercurrent of conversation at Einstein memorial meetings throughoutthe year. A new Einstein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a longtime. After all, more than 200 years separated Einstein from his nearest rival,Isaac Newton.Many physicists say the next Einstein hasnt been bornyet, or is a baby now. Thats because the quest for a unified theory that would account for allthe forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New mathmust be created before the problem can be solved.But researchers say there are many otherfactors working against another Einstein emerging anytime soon.For one thing, physics is a much differentfield today. In Einsteins day, there were only a few thousand physicists worldwide, and thetheoreticians who could intellectually rival Einstein probably would fit into astreetcar with seats to spare.Education is different, too. One crucialaspect of Einsteins training that is overlooked is the years of philosophy he read asa teenagerKant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how tothink independently and abstractly about space and time, and it wasnt longbefore he became a philosopher himself.“The independence created by philosophical insight isin myopinionthe mark of distinction between a mere artisan (工匠) orspecialist and a real seeker after truth,” Einstein wrote in1944.And he was an accomplished musician. Theinterplay between music and math is well known. Einstein would furiously playhis violin as a way to think through a knotty physics problem.Today, universities have produced millionsof physicists. There arent many jobs in science for them, so they go to Wall Street andSilicon Valley to apply their analytical skills to more practicalandrewardingefforts.“Maybe there is an Einstein out there today,” saidColumbia University physicist Brian Greene, “but it would be alot harder for him to be heard.”Especially considering what Einstein wasproposing.“The actual fabric of space and time curving? My God, what an idea!” Greene saidat a recent gathering at the Aspen Institute. “It takes a certaintype of person who will bang his head against the wall because you believe youll find thesolution.”Perhaps the best examples are the fivescientific papers Einstein wrote in his “miracle year” of 1905.These “thought experiments” were pages of calculations signed and submitted to the prestigiousjournal Annalen der Physik by a virtual unknown. There were no footnotes orcitations.What might happen to such a submissiontoday?“We all get papers like those in the mail,” Greenesaid. “We put them in the junk file.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。57. What doscientists seem to agree upon, judging from the first two paragraphs?A Einstein pushed mathematics almost to its limits.B It will take another Einstein to build a unified theory.C No physicist is likely to surpass Einstein in the next 200 years.D It will be some time before a new Einstein emerges.58. What wascritical to Einsteins success?A His talent as an accomplished musician.B His independent and abstract thinking.C His untiring effort to fulfill his potential.D His solid foundation in math theory.59. What doesthe author tell us about physicists today?A They tend to neglect training in analytical skills.B They are very good at solving practical problems.C They attach great importance to publishing academic papers.D They often go into fields yielding greater financial benefits.60. What doesBrian Greene imply by saying “. it would be a lot harder for him to be heard” (Lines 1-2,Para. 9)?A People have to compete in order to get their papers published.B It is hard for a scientist to have his papers published today.C Papers like Einsteins would unlikely get published today.D Nobody will read papers on apparently ridiculous theories.61. When he submitted his papers in 1905, Einstein _.A forgot to make footnotes and citationsB was little known in academic circlesC was known as a young genius in math calculationsD knew nothing about the format of academic papers参考答案：57. D）It will be some timebefore a new Einstein emerges （3. 语序调整同义替换）58. B）His independent andabstract thinking （2. 结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换）59. D）They often go intofields yielding greater financial benefits （4. 全文整体同义转换）60. C）Papers like Einsteins wouldunlikely get published today （4. 全文整体同义转换）61. B）was little known inacademic circles （2. 结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换） 本科生毕业论文（设计）工作管理办法毕业论文（设计）是高等学校人才培养的主要实践教学环节，是对学生专业知识综合运用能力的全面检验，为确保我院的教育质量和人才培养目标的实现，依据我院本科教学的培养方案，特修订本科学生毕业论文（设计）工作管理办法，主要内容和要求如下：一、进行毕业论文（设计）的专业1毕业论文经济、管理、文史、法、艺术、体育、理科类专业。2毕业设计工科专业。二、时间及进度安排详见附件：毕业论文（设计）的工作计划。三、毕业论文（设计）的选题（一）选题必须符合专业培养目标的要求，注重发挥专业的优势和特长，有利于巩固、拓展和深化所学的知识。（二）选题应体现理论联系实际的原则，尽量结合生产实际、科学研究、 现代文化、经济建设的任务，有利于学生了解国情，增强社会责任感。（三）选题的范围和深度应符合学生的实际情况，题目内容不宜过大，既要体现综合运用知识和培养能力的原则，又要有利于人才培养目标的实现。题目难度和份量要适当，应使学生在规定的时间内，在教师的指导下， 经过努力都能完成。（四）选题要贯彻因材施教原则，在保证培养目标的前提下，根据学生不同的特点，可选内容不同的题目，使基 础和能力等方面有差距的学生均能充分发挥其主动性和创造性，达到教学要求。对学有余力的优秀学生在选题时 可提出较高要求，以充分 发挥其才能。（五）如果课题内容过大，需若干学生共同完成的，可分成若干个子题目，分 别由每个学生负责，但不得超过 4 人，要明确每个学生的具体任务，并 应保证每个学生经历该课题的全过程，不能仅孤立地完成局部任务。 坚决杜 绝同一课题有内容相同的论文（设计）出现。（六）毕业论文（设计）一般可分为理论研究、实验研究、计算机软件设计、工程 设计（实践）和综合类型。各专业应根据本专业的特点，在选题时有所侧重。1、文科类专业学生的毕业论文（设计）要有新颖性，要多反映社会、 经济、文化和基础教育的实际问题和热点问题，论文要有一定的学术水平。2、理科类专业学生的毕业论文（设计）要有一定的学术水平，要结合当前的科技、 经济发展， 让学生走向学科前沿。3、工科类专业学生的毕业论文（设计）结合工程实践类课题的比例应不少于 80%。首先保证基本工程训练，在此基础上做一些提高性的、拓展性的研究专题；结合实际任务进行的毕业设计，选择能 满足教学要求，并有 实际 意义的课题。（七）学生除了在指导教师提出的题目中选择毕业论文（设计）题目外，也可以根据本专业特点和本人兴趣自己提出课题，但学生必须就课题的研究目的、意义、内容、方法和计划征得指导教师同意，并 报系（院）毕业论文（设计）工作领导小组批准后方可确定。（八）选题一旦确定后，未经系（院）毕业论文工作领导小组同意，不得随意更改。撰写前，要填写信阳师范大学本科学生毕业论文（设计）开题报告。四、毕业论文（设计）工作的组织与管理我校毕业论文（设计）工作的管理、指导、 检查、考核和总结由学校教务处、系（院）、教研室三级分工负责：（一）教务处的管理职责教务处为学校教学管理的职能部门，负责毕业论文（设计）的总体管理工作。其主要职责是： 1、制定本校毕业论文（设计）工作的有关政策、 规定和计划；2、对各系（院）毕业论文（设计）工作进行检查和监督；3、审核各系（院）毕业论文（设计）答辩委员会名单；4、负责全校毕业论文（设计）经费的分配；5、组织对毕业论文（设计）工作的考核、总结、评估等；6、协调校内有关部门为毕业论文（设计）工作的顺利进行提供保证。（二）各系（院）的管理职责各系（院）负责本系毕业论文（设计）工作全过程的管理。各系（院）成立毕业论文（设计）工作领导小组，由系（院）主任（院长）或副主任（院长）担任组长，成员由教研室主任、教学秘书和教师代表 57 人组成。各系（院）的主要职责是：1、制定本系（院）毕业论文（设计）工作计划和实施措施；2、编制毕业论文（设计）选题指南；3、组织对毕业论文（设计）工作的中期检查；4、确定本系（院）毕业论文（设计 ）答辩委员会名单并报教务处；5、组织本系（院）毕业论文（设计）答辩工作；6、负责本系（院）毕业论文（设计）的成绩管理、档案管理和经费管理。7、评选优秀毕业论文（设计）， 总结毕业论文（设计）工作。（三）各教研室的管理职责教研室作为直接指导和组织学生进行毕业论文（设计）工作的基层单位，其主要职责是：1、组织本教研室教师拟定毕业论文（设计）题目；2、审定毕业论文（设计）的题目；3、确定毕业论文（设计）的指导教师；4、负责组织学生的选题工作；5、检查学生毕业论文（设计）进度、 质量和纪律，检查 指导教师对学生的指导情况； 6、提出毕业论文（设计）答辩委员会组成人员；7、收集、整理、保存毕业论文（设计）有关资料及毕业论文（设计）、图纸等。五、毕业论文（设计）的指导（一）指导教师的条件毕业论文（设计）的指导教师应由学术水平较高、教学经验丰富、一般具有讲师（含实验师、工程师）及以上职 称的教师担任。教学能力较强的助教亦可担任适量的辅助指导工作。指导教师一般不跨系，但个别涉及公共课的 选题， 经系（院）毕业论文领导小组批准，并征得有关部门同意后，方可作为指导教师。 对于来自外单位且部分或全部工作需在外单位进行的课题，可由各系（院）聘请外单位相当于讲师及以上职称的科研人员、工程技术人员和本系（院）教师共同担任指导工作，本系（院）指导教师必须掌握毕业论文（设计）的进度及要求，并协调 有关工作。（二）对指导教师的要求1、指导教师应为人师表，坚持教书育人，对学生既要在 业务上严格要求，认真指导，又要关心学生的生活和思想。2、指导教师应尽量培养学生独立设计、 实验、写作的能力，以启发诱导为主，在选题和论文（设计）构思方面尽可能发挥学生的主动性和创造性，不能包办代替。3、指导教师应安排充足的时间与学生进行交流， 对每位学生毕业论文（设计）的指导和检查每周应不少于 4 小时。在指导期间，指 导教 师一般不应离校出差，确因有事 经批准出差时，应安排好代理指 导教师。（三）指导教师的职责：1、帮助学生确定选题，审查学生拟定的写作提纲或设计方案；2、介绍有关文献资料，指导研究方法；3、对初稿提出修改意见；4、写出毕业论文（设计）评语，确定初 评成绩；5、做好指导工作日志。六、毕业论文（设计）答辩（一）成立系（院）毕业论文（设计）答辩委员会1、各系（院）在系（院）主任（院长）领导下，按 专业成立毕业论文（设计）答辩委员会，设正副主任各一名，由副教授及以上职称的教师担任。委员会成员 57 人，委 员必须由具有讲师及以上职称的教师担任