论文设计_叶芝的 三 副面具（终稿）

西南大学硕士学位论文叶芝的三副面具姓名：张毅申请学位级别：硕士专业：汉语言文学指导教师：蓝露怡20090401西南大学硕士学位论文叶 芝 的 三 副 面 具摘要比 较 文 学 与 世 界 文 学 专 业 硕 士 研 究 生 张 毅指 导 教 师 蓝 露 怡 副 教 授摘 要叶芝的艺术价值取向有几个方向，从一个受英国正统理性主义教育出身的非基督教徒， 到神秘主义的实验师 从浪漫主义的追随者到对象征主义的勃然兴致。从对民间乡村传奇故 事的嗜好到对贵族主义精神的向往. 吸收庞杂的他者文化符号，来构建多彩多面的艺术世界, 采用巫师的秘术建立完整的面具理论和宇宙观念，反叛从怀疑主义开始膨胀的现代性。一路 走来，叶芝的艺术令人感到神秘和怪异，既是现代性的又超越了现代性。由于他现代主义艺 术身份的庞杂性，在研究时，借用他的“ 面具” 二字，从他艺术风格的几次转向和发展中寻 找到其反映在艺术创作中的三种主要价值倾向，即所谓“ 三副面具” 叶芝的双重身份是他的思想和艺术创作内在矛盾的源点。他的爱尔兰文化身份和英国文 化身份分别演绎成两种根本矛盾冲突就是古与今，诗与哲学，感性与理性，迷信与科学， 反启蒙与启蒙，乡野与都市等等现代性的冲突。现代性的问题就是上述多对矛盾的冲突问题。 人类诞生之始，这些冲突就开始缠绕人的思想。现代性是一个古老的问题，哲学就是这个问 题本身所产生的一种人类思维活动第一章，从叶芝所处的那个时代的社会现状出发，说明现代性的根源并不在于叶芝的那 个时代，而是现代人误以为他们所面临的精神困境是他们特殊的时代造成的 0 这种误解导致 人们对现代性认识有着极大的局限性。该章从哲学史的角度试图阐述人的精神危机是时刻伴 随人类的一种深刻存在，甚至是人存在的标志。而叶芝那个时代的现代性是由于时代的外因 引起的内在矛盾冲突的加剧，人性中的理性和欲望空前膨胀到相比以往任何时代哲学家不能 消解和疏导的恶性状态，而且范围更具普遍性，从而导致整个社会群体性的病症。而这种病 因最近的原闵似乎可以 a 接认定为英国经验主义的怀疑论。怀疑论是理性土义在经验主义一 脉中的极端，到此为止，人类的内部世界和外部佾界都发生了动摇，真正的群体性精神危机在工业化的人众什会中養延开来。这就是叶芝的时代和他 G 己所处的 W 境及 KK 接原闪 。I西南大学硕士学位论文 摘要第二章中，叶芝在应对困境时，自然从他的英国文化教养的另一面爱尔兰的古老传 统和民间文化一出发，这里有着平衡人的主观能力过度膨胀和自髙自大的秘诀，有着抚慰 受到创伤的灵魂的良药，有着引导人们走出困境的启发。在探讨爱尔兰文化对叶芝的神秘主 义产生前提性影响的同时，着重论述了神秘主义是一支悠久的哲学传统。在古希腊直到近现 代，这只传统思想一直伴随着启蒙运动的每个阶段和每个形态，起着平衡过度启蒙带来危害 的作用。而且这种神秘哲学在许多大哲学家那里一定程度上是被认可的，实际上也是有效的， 是解决思维困境的传统办法之一. 只是在叶芝那个科学主义狂热的时代及其影响下，普遍被 人们嗤之以鼻* 而叶芝利用神秘哲学的思维创作的诗歌和戏剧却取得了巨大成功.在他的作 品里我们可以感受到现代性的病态，可以感受到诗人如何疗救社会和自己的.在他的神秘术 中，我们被想象和象征带回到可以感受到自由的世界.我们也可以反观到我们的现代世界是 多么的糟糕. 这一切从苏格拉底的启蒙直到叶芝的神秘主义的论述，旨在说明，神秘主义其 实是哲学经验中从未被彻底抛弃的思维，而且神秘主义的功劳几乎不被认可，然而它确实带 给人类精神某种十分有益的启迪，叶芝诗歌实践的成功就是证明，这也为叶芝后期的人生选 择和艺术倾向奠定了统一的基调。第三章论述叶芝最后的精神向往是崇尚古代贵族文明, 回归一种贵族理想的精神。对贵族 文明的向往是在神秘主义的思路上走下去的一个必然选择。首先，贵族文明其实是爱尔兰传 统中的最大特色之一，贵族文化与乡野文化天然一体，与现代文明必然相左.在神秘主义这 条从古代联通现代的精神思路上，遭遇现代性危机的人们必然选择回归。回归的理想家园是 哪里? 在叶芝的精神后花园里必然是他的民族的古老家园 爱尔兰的乡下那里有着贵 族们成群的庄园，他们和乡间的农民共同的栖居在大自然的深处，他们谈论着诗，和神秘的 法术，他们可以看到和听到精灵，甚至，他们中间就有精灵。这是一个和谐的人神不分的远 古家园，和荷马时代的人类生活十分一致 #那个人类幼年时代的家园早己荒芜，被逐渐长大成 熟不再天真的人们忘却，直到遭遇孤独和不幸，人们才是试图努力想起它。然而，时间的向 量性己经告诉人们凭着经验性的理性不可能得到回归的路线，只有摆脱经验理性的干扰，正 如叶芝用诗的宗教来拯救他自己。他成功地冋到了理想的家园一充满贵族气息的古老的爱 尔兰。要加以说明的是，叶芝的贵族理想绝不是向往单纯的爱尔兰古代贵族文明，只是这种文明 提供了一种大的精神导向. 叶芝的贵族理想中有着丰富的成分，他接受了英国，拜占庭，印度， 包括想象中的东方文明。那是一种精致的文明，一种淳朴自然的文明活动。这些都在他的精 神世界里提供给他活下去的理由和最值得追求的生活。显然被启蒙的人们己经被启蒙的刻骨 铭心，在痛苦的时代只好用反启蒙的怿诞秘术来尝试，消弭这清醒的烦恼。从学术上讲怪诞 的艺术和神秘哲学不失为一种尝试。关 键 词 ： 叶 芝 现 代 性 怀 疑 主 义 神 秘 主 义 贵 族 主 义西南大学硕士学位论文 AbstractOn Modernity of Yeats Three MasksMajor: comparative literature and world literatureSpecialty: comparative literatureSupervisor: Associate Prof.Lan LuyiAuthor: Zhang Yi(112006308000122)AbstractThe artistic value orientation about Yeats has several directions, he is a non-Christian educated from English legitimate rationalism, after that, he transformed to a mysticism experimenter. A romanticism follower was interest. In symbolism excitedly. He had a hobby to folk romaunt in village, but later, he was to yearn for spirit of aristocrat principle. His arts absorbs the numerous and disorderly others, culture mark, and constructs the multi-color and multi-surface the artistic world, uses sorcerers secret technique establishing integrity Mask theory and the universe idea, rebels against modernity to inflate which comes of the suspicion principle. Sum up，Yeats art is mystical and strange, since modernity but surmounted it. In studies, as a result of his modernism status was numerous and disorderly, borrows the surface mean of Mask the word, describes and seeks to three main masks , which it is value orientation , reflected in the artistic creation from the transformations of his art style.Ycats, contradictions source of thought and the artistic creation inherent are his dual statuses. Irish culture status and the English culture status about Yeats separately deduct two kind of basic contradictory conflicts ,which is modernity clash on ancient and modem, the poem and the philosophy, the perception and the rationality, the superstition and the science, counter- enlightenment and enlightenment, rural and urban and so on. The modernity question is the question of contradictory conflicts above. Beginning of the human birth, these conflicts starts to twine humans thought. The modernity is an ancient question, the philosophy is one kind of humanity thinking activity which this question itself produces.In the first chapter, that time social present situation which locates from Yeats embarks, explained the modernity root does not lie in it. But it is the mistaken which theill西南大学硕士学位论文Abstractmodem people think their spiritual predicament that they to face is their special time creates. This kind of misunderstanding causes the enormous limitation for the people to be acquainted with the modernity. This chapter attempts from the point of view of philosophy history to elaborate humans spiritual crisis is one kind of profound existence following human being, even is the symbol which the human to be. But the cause of the time modernity predicament of Yeats was the external time factor causes the inherent contradictions conflict aggravating, in the human nature rationality and the desire inflate unprecedentedly to compare the malignant condition which formerly any time philosopher could not dispel and unblock, moreover the scope had the universality, caused the entire social communitivc illness. But the cause of disease of the recent reason may recognize directly for the skepticism on England empiricism apparently. The scepticism is the rationalism extreme whose an branch range in empiricism, stops, humanitys internal and outside world has been the vacillation, the true communitive spiritual crisis spreads in the industrialization populace society. This is the difficult position and the immediate cause which Yeats time and his plight.In second chapter, when he handled the difficulty in position, from other aspect of his cultural source which is Irelands ancient tradition and the folk culture spontaneously. Here has a secret to balances humans the arrogant and subjective ability over expansion, has a dose good medicine to comfort the lacerated soul，has the inspiration to guides the people to go out the difficult position. While discusses the Irish culture to produce premise influence to Yeats5 mysticism, elaborated the mysticism is emphatically a glorious philosophy tradition, in The ancient Greece until the near modem age，this traditional thought is continuously following Enlightenment movement each stage and each shape, plays the role of balance the enlightenment to bring the harm excessively. Moreover this mystical philosophy is approved in many great philosopher in certain degrees. It is one of traditional means to solve thought predicament effectively in fact However it is snorted contemptuously generally by the people in Yeats, time .which it is the scientific principle frantic time. But Yeats creates poetry and the play obtained the huge success actually using mystical philosophy thought. We may feel the modernity morbid state in his work, and how can the poet to cure the society and himself. In his mysterious theurgy, we are lead back to the world where could feel free by imagine and the symbolic. So we can observe reflectively to ours modem world how bad extreamly. All these elaboration from Socrates enlightenment until Yeats，mysticism, are for the purpose of explaining that，the mysticism is the thought which gets rid thoroughly in the philosophy experience actually, but the mysticism merit is not approved nearly. However, it takes some kind of extremely beneficial inspiration to the humanity internal西南大学硕士学位论文Abstractspirit. The success of the poetry practice of Yeats is the proof truly. This also has established the unified keynote for Yeats final life choice and the artistic tendency.The third chapter elaboration Yeats final spirit yearned for the ancient times aristocrat civilization, and returns one kind of aristocrats ideal. Yearning for aristocrat civilization walking in the mysticism mentality is a choice inevitably. First, the aristocrat civilization actually is one of biggest characteristics in Irish tradition. Aristocrat culture and country culture arc all-in-one naturally, which it is different from modem civilization inevitably. In this mentality strip from ancient link modem on mysticism, the bitter people experienced modernity predicament chose the return inevitably. Where is ideal homeland for the return? It is inevitably his nationalitysancient homeland -Irelands countryside. There has aristocrat manor in groups inYeats, spiritual back garden, they and village peasantrys common dwelling are in the nature inside, they is discussing the poem and the mystical magic arts, they may see and hear the fairy, even, the fairy being among them. This is the harmonious ancient homeland where person and deities does not divide, which lives extremely consistently with humanity in the Homer time. That homeland in human childhood time already goes out of cultivation, putting behind by the mature people gradually growed up and no longer naive. Until experiencing aloneness and adversity, humanity try to recollect it studiously. However, vector-oriented of time tells the people the route on the return which not impossible to obtain by the empirical rationality, only in the case that they get rid of the disturbance from experience rational, just like Yeats saves himself with thereligion on poem. He successfully returned to the ideal homeland -to fill thearistocrat atmosphere from ancient Ireland.Must perform to explain, Yeats aristocrat ideal was not just yearn for aristocrat civilization from Ireland ancient time, but it has provided one kind of mental orientation in the main. Yeats aristocrat ideal has the rich ingredient, he has accepted England， Byzantium，India, including Eastern civilization in imagination, that was one kind of diaphanous exquisite civilization, unsophisticated and natural civilized activity. This provides the reason which goes on living and life which is most worth pursuing in his inward world. Obviously enlightened people are remembered with eternal gratitude by enlightment, and had been to use the weird secret technique remained with the counter-initiation to attempt and extinguishes this sober worry in the painful time. Academically, the weird art and the mystical philosophy may after all be accepted as one kind of attempt.Key words: W.B.Yeats, Modernity，Skepticism, Mysticism，Aristocratismv独 创 性 声 明学位论文题目： t. M Jr本人提交的学位论文是在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的 研究成果。论文中引用他人已经发表或出版过的研究成果，文中已加 了特别标注。对本研究及学位论文撰写曾做出贡献的老师、朋友、同 仁在文中作了明确说明并表示衷心感谢。学位论文作者 ： 认 备 签字曰期：wr)年月日学 位 论 文 版 权 使 用 授 权 书本学位论文作者完全了解西南大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规 定，有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和磁盘，允 许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权西南大学研究生院（筹）可以将学位 论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩 印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编学位论文。(保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书，本论文：ef 不保密， 保密期限至 年 月止）。学位论文作者签名： 导师签名：签 字 曰 期 :年 夕 月 ， 孑 日 签字日期： 年丫月 G 曰西南大学硕士学位论文文 献 综述文献综述叶芝的研究从国内外两方面看，都是很丰富的。国外的研究限于本文作者的 英语能力和时间精力，不能窥其全貌。主要是一些论著和传记较多，论文方面很 少看到。作为研究叶芝的笔者本人，说来实在惭愧。国内的研究资料也很丰富， 但论著不多，多是散见于许多论著中的章节或只言片语，而主要是论文较多鉴 于以上情况，说明国内对叶芝的研究还没达到很有深度的水平，只是把叶芝作为 一个二流作家对待。接下来，主要评述国内研究叶芝的现状其中包括翻译外国文献中关于叶芝 的情况。国内研究叶芝的主要人员首推中国社会科学院外国文学研究所的傅浩先 生。傅浩曾作为高级访问学者专门赴爱尔兰进行为期一年的访学研究。他曾出版 多部关于叶芝研究的专著。其中有浙江文艺出版社出版的叶芝评传，四川人民 出版社出版的叶芝h 本文主要参考的叶芝评传是傅浩专门考察叶芝生平的 力作。其中以时序为线索，但不迁就时序，运用大量的叶芝生活实际内容来反映 作为诗人的叶芝的鲜活的生命历程。把叶芝之所以有着各种复杂的思想侧面的一 些背景原因不同程度的给与了恰当的展示。正如傅浩在序中的引用语说：叶芝主 要是个自传型诗人。他的作品基本上就是其思想、感情和经验的实录。读其作品 而不知其背景就不可能完全理解个中深蕴。这部书，从叶芝生活的背后揭示了叶 芝最生动的一面。为国内研究叶芝及其作品都有着及其重要的背景性意义-傅浩 的几篇论文也很有力度，发表于外国文学评论上的叶芝的神秘哲学及其对 文学创作的影响集中笔墨钻研了神秘主义与叶芝创作的重大关系。十分重要的 是傅浩致力于翻. 译叶芝的诗歌作品很是全面，其中先后有 1994年中国工人出版社 出版的叶芝抒情诗全集和 2003 年河北教育出版社出版的叶芝诗集，是中 文文献研究叶芝的重要文本资料。国内研究叶芝的前辈比如杨周翰，袁可嘉，伍蠡甫等，他们在著述中均有对 叶芝的论述。爱尔兰文学专家北京外国语大学的陈恕教授，在编写的（爱尔兰文 学中深入论及叶芝。最值得一提的是诗人兼学者王家新翻译的叶芝文集三卷本， 是较大规模的翻译叶芝原著的中国文献。分为朝圣者的灵魂、随时间而来的 智慧、C 镜中自画像三部，分别译有叶芝的诗歌，戏剧，日记，书信，重要文 论等，是十分重要的中文文献。杨自伍翻译雷纳韦勒克的近代文学批评史 中的第五卷专门一章论述叶芝。关于叶芝的研究论文则更多了。主要有林嫱、刘 须明的追求艺术与灵魂的不朽家园；林璇菲的以佛莱的象征理论符号学解读 看 TheSorrowofLoveh 李小均的一曲回望天堂的牧歌、诗人不幸诗名幸；1西南大学硕士学位论文文献综述区珙的叶芝与陶渊明的隐逸世界：戴东新的叶芝与乔伊斯对比研究;h 何树 的叶芝与对立民族主义；史秀冬的叶芝新探；陈海峰的叶芝象征主义的 现实性与现代性；孙柏的叶芝的戏剧理念：去殖民化的诗学；胡则远的叶 芝的神秘哲学与中国阴阳五行学说之比较；乔华林的叶芝的创作、巫术及哲学 思想探讨；马海良翻译的伊格尔顿的叶芝 里的历史和神 话； 丁宏为的叶芝：“责任是于梦中杨建民的泰戈尔叶芝庞德；彭予的 驶向拜占庭一袁可嘉和他的诗歌翻译；伊甸的诗的步屐：从浪漫主义到现 代主义；黄海容、方汉泉的论叶芝的“现代浪漫主义”、叶芝的象征主义及 其发展、略论叶芝其人其诗；龙彼德的对象征主义的改造；唐俊红、张莉 的从叶芝的象征主义手法解读其贵族之梦；吴忠诚的:从传统哀 歌到现代智诗；许淑芳的走向自性之路等。主要博硕士论文有谢会的 爱尔 兰永恒的玫瑰；王林英的父权制的囚徒一“论叶芝诗歌中的女性形象：h 张文会的(On Feminine Masks in WB.Yeatss Poetryh 邵春的梦“镜”中的世界 -试析叶芝早期诗歌中爱尔兰民间传说主题；涂年根的梦想仙境的人一爱尔兰 民间故事对叶芝诗歌的影响；甘庭芳的叶芝的诗歌在中国的翻译；董红缨的 叶芝民族文化身份的建构；张晓伟的 叶芝早期诗歌中的神话用典；王珏的 叶芝中期抒情诗中的叙事策略等。本文还参考了陈永国、傅景川翻译的弗里德里克R 卡尔的（现代与现代主 义；胡家密等译的詹麦克法兰的新现代主义戏剧：叶芝和皮兰德娄：K 文学 史参考了英国的安德鲁桑德斯的牛津简明英国文学史；阮炜等编写的20 世 纪英国文学史：马新国主编的西方文论史等。本文参考的两部主要的爱尔兰 历史著作爱尔兰大饥荒列国志爱尔兰也非常重要，它们很大程度的呈现 了叶芝所处的时代和社会背景，为深入探讨叶芝的精神起到了极其重要的作用。 而另一部由钱乘旦教授等人著述的英国文化模式