托福机经背景材料整理1

小马过河网校 小马过河网校 小马网校托福机经背景澳大利亚确诊 H1N1流感 59人托福机经,托福机经背景,托福阅读机经背景小马过河网校为大家带来了托福阅读机经背景：澳大利亚确诊 H1N1流感 59人！托福机经背景是同学们进行托福备考的重要资料，小马网校为您提供最全最快的机经背景知识！澳大利亚确诊 H1N1流感 59人。众所周知，托福机经背景知识不仅开拓考生的思维，而且让考生熟悉托福经常考试的题材、背景知识，让考生更好的适应托福考试，所以如果有其他问题可以请登录小马网校进行免费咨询。By Phil MercerSydney27 May 2009The number of H1N1 flu cases in Australia has doubled in the past day to 59. The federal government has warned that the H1N1 influenza A virus is spreading fast. Health experts say its rapid transmission coincides with the southern hemispheres traditional winter flu season.The H1N1 flu has been confirmed in most Australian states and territories. The epicenter of the outbreak is in Victoria, where a group of children are among those being treated.Virus origin unkownTests have yet to reveal if the infections in Australia have been imported from other countries or whether the virus has started to spread among those who have not traveled overseas.In New South Wales, health agencies have been criticized for not quarantining hundreds of passengers on board a cruise ship where 14 people were diagnosed with the virus, commonly known as swine flu.Although some of those who disembarked the vessel in Sydney had complained of being ill, they were allowed to travel home.Three crew members on the Pacific Dawn have shown flu-like symptoms. Authorities have diverted the cruise liner, which left Sydney bound for the Great Barrier Reef, to an island near the Queensland city of Cairns, where the patients will be tested for flu.The virus spread in Australia has come at the start of the southern hemispheres annual flu season.Country is preparing for flu seasonProfessor Bill Rawlinson from Sydneys Prince of Wales hospital says the country is preparing for an onslaught.“It is of concern because as we go into winter that is when we see our peak of flu,“ Rawlinson said. “And I think that is why we are all gearing up to deal with this problem and why public health authorities as well as the laboratories as well as clinicians, emergency departments are all putting in place practices 小马过河网校 小马过河网校 that have been developed over other outbreaks such as SARS and the H5 avian strain.“In an attempt to stop the virus spreading to Tasmania, children who have recently traveled to Mexico, the United States, Canada, Panama or Japan have been told to stay away from schools and childcare centers for seven days. Those countries have seen the largest number of cases.Health screening intensifiesOfficials say they will intensify health screening measures at airports and ports.Australias federal health minister, Nicola Roxon, says the number of confirmed swine flu cases will likely rise significantly in the coming days.Worldwide cases of the virus have reached almost 13,000 Tuesday in 46 countries. Nearly 100 people have died, most of them in Mexico, where the outbreak began last month.Elsewhere in the Pacific, Singapore reported its first case of H1N1, a woman who had just returned from a visit to the United States.澳大利亚确诊 H1N1流感 59人澳大利亚确诊感染甲型 H1N1流感病毒的病例在过去的一天增加了一倍，为 59人。澳大利亚联邦政府警告说，甲型 H1N1流感正在迅速蔓延。卫生专家说，它的迅速传播正值南半球冬季传统的流感季节。澳大利亚大多数州和地区都已经确诊甲型 H1N1流感病例。爆发的中心在维多利亚州，其中一群儿童正在接受治疗。检验结果尚未查明澳大利亚的甲型 H1N1流感病毒是从其他国家流入，或是在从来没有出过国的澳大利亚人之间传播。在新南威尔士州，卫生机构因为没有隔离“太平洋黎明”号游轮上数以千计的游客而受到批评。游轮上的游客中有 14人被确诊感染甲型 H1N1流感病毒，俗称“猪流感”。有些下船的乘客抱怨身体不适，但是他们被允许回家。“太平洋黎明”号上的三名船员也有类似患有甲型 H1N1流感的症状。当局决定改变游轮的航向，把从悉尼开往大堡礁的游轮开往昆士兰州凯恩斯市附近的一个小岛，并在那里对病人进行检查。甲型 H1N1流感病毒在澳大利亚的蔓延恰逢南半球的年度流感季节。悉尼威尔斯亲王医院教授比尔罗林森表示，澳大利亚准备应付流感的大流行。“令人关切的原因是因为我们进入冬季流感高峰期。我认为这就是为什么我们要全力以赴对付这个问题的原因。同时也是为什么公共卫生部门、实验室、临床医生、紧急部门都已经采取紧急应变措施，这些措施是我们在对付萨斯病和禽流感时制定的。”为了阻止病毒蔓延到塔斯马尼亚，最近从墨西哥、美国、加拿大、巴拿马和日本的回到澳大利亚的儿童被告知要在隔离 7天后才能去学校和托儿所。这几个国家的甲型 H1N1流感病例最多。官员说，他们将加强在机场和港口的健康检查措施。澳大利亚联邦卫生部长，尼古拉罗克森说，甲型 H1N1流感的确诊病例可能会在未来几天内有大幅上升。在世界范围内，甲型 H1N1流感病毒到周二为止，已经导致 46个国家 1万 3千人患病，近 100人死亡，死者大多数是在墨西哥，疫情是上个月从墨西哥开始爆发的。小马过河网校 小马过河网校 在亚太的其他地区，新加坡刚刚发现了第一个病例，一名刚从美国访问归来的女子被确诊患有甲型 H1N1流感。_1_小马网校托福机经背景韩国将全面参与防扩散安全倡议托福机经,托福机经背景,托福阅读机经背景小马过河网校为大家带来了托福阅读机经背景：韩国将全面参与防扩散安全倡议！托福机经背景是同学们进行托福备考的重要资料，小马网校为您提供最全最快的机经背景知识！韩国将全面参与防扩散安全倡议。众所周知，托福机经背景知识不仅开拓考生的思维，而且让考生熟悉托福经常考试的题材、背景知识，让考生更好的适应托福考试，所以如果有其他问题可以请登录小马网校进行免费咨询。By Kurt AchinSeoul26 May 2009South Korea is upgrading its participation in a U.S., led international campaign to disrupt the traffic of weapons of mass destruction, a step it long avoided to prevent angering Pyongyang. The move comes after a nuclear test by the North, and several apparent short range missile launches.South Korea said Tuesday it will now participate fully in the U.S. - led Proliferation Security Initiative, or PSI. More than 90 nations take part in the program, which involves intelligence sharing and naval coordination to prevent nuclear and other illegal weapons from being transported. Until now, South Korea has only taken part as an observer.North Korea warned last month that it would view South Koreas full participation as a declaration of war. For weeks, South Korean officials delayed expected announcements it would join, but experts say they had no other choice after Mondays underground nuclear weapons test by the North.South Korean Foreign Minister Yoo Myung-hwan told lawmakers Tuesday joining PSI was the correct move for a “mature nation.“Yu said participating in PSI will help control North Koreas development of dangerous nuclear materials.Mondays nuclear test was North Koreas second, and according to seismic readings, may have been more powerful than the first. South Korean President Lee Myung-bak says he will work closely with the United States and other nations to seek a strong response.He says he believes it is necessary to let North Korea know having nuclear programs will prove to be a bigger disadvantage than not having them.Separately, North Korea fired three short range missiles off its east coast Monday. On Tuesday, South Koreas Yonhap news agency reported the North fired more short-range missiles off the same coast.小马过河网校 小马过河网校 Dan Pinkston, a senior analyst with the International Crisis Group, warned against reading too much into the missile launches as a political message. He says the launches are more likely aimed at enforcing a two-day ban on ships off its East coast North Korea issued on Monday.“Theyre just doing their military preparedness and doing their operational exercises and its for those air defense purposes, and anti-ship purposes. Thats what the system is for,“ Pinkston said.North Korea experts suggest two main motivations for recent provocations. They say the North is seeking to raise the urgency of diplomacy with the North on the agenda of President Obama, so that Pyongyang can win concessions from Washington in one-on-one talks. Other analysts say North Korea has set aside diplomacy for now, and is sprinting toward full-fledged international recognition as a nuclear power, like India and Pakistan.At any rate, little optimism remains for the future of six-nation talks aimed at getting rid of North Koreas nuclear weapons. Brian Myers, a professor at Dongseo University who specializes in North Korean media, says the six-party framework is dead.“They stress over and over again in domestic propaganda, we are not going back to the six party talks. Now I realize that North Korea has said in the past has said in the past, it aint coming back, and then it comes back anyway,“ Myers said. “But this is the first time Ive seen it emphasized in the domestic media to that extent.“Myers says North Koreas attitude was probably shaped by the Obama administrations signals that it was willing to engage North Korea on a bilateral basis.韩国将全面参与防扩散安全倡议韩国准备更多参与美国领导的切断大规模杀伤性武器走私的国际行动。韩国之前一直避免参与这些行动，以免激怒平壤。韩国在北韩进行核试验以及几次短程导弹试射后，采取了这一举动。韩国星期二表示，它将全面参与美国领导的防扩散安全倡议。有超过 90个国家参加这个项目，这个项目的内容包括情报共享以及进行海军合作，防止核武器和其它非法武器的运输。截止到目前，韩国还只是以观察员的身份参与这个项目。北韩上个月警告说，它将把韩国全面参与这个项目视为对其宣战。韩国官员把将参与这个项目的预期声明推迟了几个星期，但是专家们表示，在北韩星期一进行地下核武器试验之后，韩国已经别无选择。韩国外交部长柳明桓星期二对国会议员们表示，加入防扩散安全倡议是一个“成熟国家”的正确举措。柳明桓说：“参加防扩散安全倡议将有助于控制北韩开发危险的核原料。”星期一的核试验是北韩进行的第二次核试验，根据地震震级的读数，这次核试验可能比第一次威力当量更大。韩国总统李明博表示，他将和美国以及其他国家紧密合作，寻求对北韩做出强烈回应。李明博说：“有必要让北韩知道，拥有核项目将证明比没有核项目对北韩更加不利。”小马过河网校 小马过河网校 北韩星期一还向东海岸海域分别发射了 3枚短程导弹。星期二，韩国联合通讯社报导说，北韩向同一海域又发射了 3枚短程导弹。丹平克森是“国际危机小组”的一位高级分析师，他警告不要把北韩发射导弹做过多的政治解读。他说，那些发射更可能的目的在于执行北韩星期一发布的东海岸外为期两天的禁航令。他说：“他们只是在作军事方面的准备工作，并且进行演练，这是为了防空的目的，还有反舰艇。那就是这种系统的功用。”北韩问题专家提出两种看法，说明北韩近来采取挑衅行动的主要动机。他们说，北韩想要提升奥巴马总统和北韩进行外交接触的急迫性，以便让平壤在和华盛顿进行一对一的会谈中取得优势。另外有些专家说，北韩现在已将外交暂时搁置一旁，并且正在朝向让国际承认它作为一个和印度与巴基斯坦相同的核权力全力跃进。_2_小马网校托福机经背景全球儿童死亡率大幅下降托福机经,托福机经背景,托福阅读机经背景小马过河网校为大家带来了托福阅读机经背景：全球儿童死亡率大幅下降！托福机经背景是同学们进行托福备考的重要资料，小马网校为您提供最全最快的机经背景知识！全球儿童死亡率大幅下降。众所周知，托福机经背景知识不仅开拓考生的思维，而且让考生熟悉托福经常考试的题材、背景知识，让考生更好的适应托福考试，所以如果有其他问题可以请登录小马网校进行免费咨询。By Lisa SchleinGeneva21 May 2009The World Health Organization says there has been a sharp drop in the number of deaths among children under age five. The just released report, World Health Statistics 2009, shows 27 percent fewer children died in 2007, the last year for which statistics were compiled, than in 1990.The World Health Statistics Report shows about nine million children died in 2007 compared to 12.5 million in 1990. It says some countries are making good progress toward meeting the U.N. Millennium Development Goal of cutting child deaths by two-thirds by 2015. But it says many other countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, will fail to reach that target.This years report focuses on how well countries are doing in reaching eight-stated Millennium Development Goals, including cutting poverty by half and reducing child and maternal mortality. The results are mixed.For example, the report says progress is being made in bringing down child deaths, but there has been little or no movement in maternal and newborn health.It says an estimated 37 percent of deaths among children occur in the first month of life, and most in the first week of life. It says most infant deaths happen in regions where maternal mortality rates are the highest.小马过河网校 小马过河网校 Coordinator in WHOs department of Health Statistics and Informatics, Carla Abou-Zahr, says there are a whole range of issues that hold countries back.“You cannot say it is just lack of resources or it is just lack of commitment,“ said Abou-Zahr. “Usually there are very weak institutions in many of these countries. Many of them are emerging from conflicts. And, sub-Saharan Africa in particular, especially in Eastern and Southern Africa are facing major problems of HIV, which has had a huge impact on especially child mortality, life expectancy in general. So, that is being a factor that is constraining for the progress for those countries.“But Abou-Zahr hastens to add that countries in Africa do not present a uniformly bleak picture. For instance, she says signs of improvement can be seen in places such as Tanzania and Rwanda.The report argues building a health system that is efficient and really works is not purely a financial matter. Many elements are involved.But WHO Health Statistics and Informatics Department Director Ties Boerma says money talks when it comes to providing good health.“If we look at per-capita health expenditure, in the low income countries, it is $22 per capita,“ said Boerma. “In the high-income countries, it is $4,012. Another one. Doctors for 10,000 people. In Africa, there are two doctors for 10,000 people. In the European region, there are 32 doctors for 10,000 people.“In one of its many statistical graphs, the WHO study shows money can mean the difference between life and death. It notes three out of 1,000 children under age five die in Iceland, Sweden and Finland compared to 262 child deaths per 1,000 live births in Sierra Leone.世卫：全球儿童死亡率大幅下降世界卫生组织表示，五岁以下儿童的死亡率有大幅度下降。刚公布的 2009年世界卫生统计报告显示，和 1990年相比，2007 年儿童死亡人数减少了 27%。2007 年也是汇编统计的最后一年。世界卫生统计报告显示，2007 年有大约 900万儿童死亡，而 1990年有 1,250万。报告表示，一些国家取得优异的进展，朝着联合国的千年发展目标迈进，联合国的目标是在2015年前把儿童死亡率降低三分之二。但报告也表示，很多其他国家，特别是撒哈拉以南的非洲，将无法达到目标。今年的报告集中在各国在达到八项千年发展目标方面的情况，发展目标包括减少一半贫穷和降低儿童及产妇死亡率。这些结果有好有坏。举例来说，报告表示，在降低儿童死亡率方面作出了进展，然而，在产妇以及新生儿健康方面却极少或没有任何进步。报告表示，在儿童中，估计有 37%的死亡发生在出生后第一个月，大多数在出生后第一星期。报告说，婴儿死亡最多的发生在产妇死亡率最高的区域。世卫组织健康统计暨资讯部门协调员阿布-察尔表示，有很多问题使一些国家停滞不前。“你不能说这只是缺少资源或缺少承诺。通常这些国家的机构体制非常脆弱。他们之中许多刚刚经历了冲突，尤其是撒哈拉以南的非洲，特别是东部及南部非洲正面临艾滋病的问题，对儿童死亡率及一般预期寿命有巨大的影响。所以，这成为限制这些国家进步的小马过河网校 小马过河网校 一项要素。”但是，阿布-察尔很快的补充说，非洲国家并不是都情况暗淡。譬如，她说在一些地方，像坦桑尼亚和卢旺达，有进步的迹象。这份报告也指出，建立一个有效率且真正运作的健康系统不只是纯粹的财务问题。许多要素都牵涉在内。但是世卫组织健康统计暨资讯部门负责人布尔马表示，在提供良好的保健方面，钱是起关键作用的。“如果我们看看人均健康支出，低收入国家是人均 22美元。在高收入国家，则是平均每人 4,012美元。另外，在非洲，两名医生为一万人服务。在欧洲，32 名医生为一万人服务。”报告的许多图表之一显示，世卫组织的研究表明金钱可能意味着生与死的不同。研究指出，就五岁以下的儿童来说，在冰岛、瑞典和芬兰，一千人中有三人死亡，而在塞拉利昂，在一千名新生婴儿中有 262名死亡。_3_小马网校托福机经背景美国汽车业萧条大批车行关闭托福机经,托福机经背景,托福阅读机经背景小马过河网校为大家带来了托福阅读机经背景：美国汽车业萧条大批车行关闭！托福机经背景是同学们进行托福备考的重要资料，小马网校为您提供最全最快的机经背景知识！美国汽车业萧条大批车行关闭。众所周知，托福机经背景知识不仅开拓考生的思维，而且让考生熟悉托福经常考试的题材、背景知识，让考生更好的适应托福考试，所以如果有其他问题可以请登录小马网校进行免费咨询。By Kate WoodsomeWashington04 June 2009Two of the biggest automakers in the United States plan to close thousands of dealerships nationwide to cut costs. Car dealers and members of Congress are worried about the impact on local communities.Mechanics wearing grey work suits with their names stitched onto their pockets make repairs on a row of cars. The team at the Fitzgerald Auto Mall in Rockville, Maryland is on the front-lines of the battle to save Americas car industry.The dealership is losing its cars and trucks made by the U.S. automaker Chrysler. It is one of 789 Chrysler franchises nationwide being forced to close by June 9 because of a restructuring plan aimed to cut costs.The Fitzgerald Auto Mall is staying open because it also sells foreign-made cars. Owner Jack Fitzgerald says Chrysler customers can still go there for repairs. “Im telling customers that Im going to stay open and take care of their cars. Thats what Im telling them,“ he said.Not all dealerships are as fortunate. Many showrooms that only carry Chrysler brands will be forced to close. General Motors, once the worlds 小马过河网校 小马过河网校 biggest automaker, also plans to close about 2,500 dealerships by the end of next year.Both companies have declared bankruptcy after failing to recover from a drastic drop in auto sales.A U.S. Senate committee held a hearing Wednesday on the planned cuts and the tens of thousands of jobs that could be lost. In the packed chamber, the GM and Chrysler executives sat side by side with dealers.Senator Olympia Snowe criticized the executives for taking government aid and then leaving customers and dealers without any support. “The American taxpayers provided billions of dollars, and ultimately, the auto dealers are on the frontlines with the harsh consequences of the failure at the top,“ she said.The GM and Chrysler executives defended their decisions. “This has been the most difficult business decision Ive ever personally had to take. The decisions had to be made. They were gut-wrenching, but absolutely necessary for Chryslers survival,“ said James Press, the president of Chrysler.But many people at the hearing and in dealerships across the country are unconvinced.John McEleney, the chairman of the National Automobile Dealers Association, says the reductions will not help cut costs. “Over 90 percent of Chrysler and GMs revenue comes from the dealer, because the dealer buys the cars, the parts, and even the dealership signs from the manufacturer?Dealer cuts wont save any money because dealers dont cost the manufacturers any money,“ he said.Chrysler and GM are under pressure from senators to provide greater support for the dealerships that are facing closure with parking lots full of unsold cars.The manufacturers say they are trying to help dealers, but the justice local business people are seeking may only be found in bankruptcy court. Many are challenging GM and Chryslers decision to take their cars off the road.美国汽车业萧条大批车行面临关闭美国最大汽车厂商中的其中两家计划在全美关闭数千个经销网点以削减成本。汽车销售商和国会议员担心此举会对本地区造成冲击。在马里兰州洛克维尔市的菲茨杰拉德汽车商城，汽车维修工人身着灰色的工作服，绣在他们上衣口袋上的名字赫然可见。工人们正在给一列汽车进行维修。菲茨杰拉德汽车商城处在挽救美国汽车工业战场的前列。这家汽车销售商正在丧失销售美国克莱斯勒汽车公司生产的轿车和卡车的经营权。为了削减成本，克莱斯勒的重组计划包括强制性取消全美 789个加盟经销商的销售权。菲茨杰拉德汽车商城便是其中之一。由于还同时销售外国品牌的汽车，菲茨杰拉德汽车商城还不至关门。店主杰克.菲茨杰拉德表示，克莱斯勒的用户仍然可以把车放到他们那里进行维修。菲茨杰拉德说:“我对顾客们说，我们还在营业，我们还会维修他们的汽车。”但并不是所有经销商都这么幸运。很多只代理克莱斯勒品牌汽车的经销商将不得不关闭他们的汽车展示厅。曾是世界最大汽车厂商的通用汽车也计划在明年年底前关闭 2千500个销售商网点。小马过河网校 小马过河网校 这两家汽车厂商都已经宣布破产。此前它们都未能从严重的销售下滑中恢复过来。美国参议院一个委员会星期三就这些拟议之中的关闭销售网点以及可能造成的数万人失业的情况举行听证会。听证会举行的大厅座无虚席。通用和克莱斯勒的高级主管和销售商并排坐在一起。参议员奥林皮亚.斯诺批评通用和克莱斯勒的主管拿了政府的救助款却抛弃顾客和经销商而不给予任何补助。斯诺参议员说:“美国的纳税人拿出了数十亿美元。但最后的结果却是经销商要为厂商犯下的错误承担严峻后果。”通用汽车和克莱斯勒的主管为他们作出的决定进行辩护。克莱斯勒总裁詹姆斯.普雷斯说:“这是我个人所做出的最艰难的商业决定。决定必须要做。这对经销商来说是极为痛苦的。但是对克莱斯勒的生存来说，这个决定是绝对必要的。”但是这并不能使听证会上很多人，以及遍布全美的销售商们感到信服。美国全国汽车销售商协会主席约翰.麦克埃莱尼说，减少销售商的数量并不能帮助削减成本:“克莱斯勒和通用汽车超过 90%的利润来自销售商。这是因为销售商向厂商购买汽车、零部件。销售商甚至与厂商订下合同。减少销售商的数量不会给厂商节省成本，因为销售商根本不花厂商的钱。”参议员们向克莱斯勒和通用汽车施压，要求这两家公司向停车场上满是卖不出去的汽车的经销商们提供更多支持。克莱斯勒和通用汽车表示，它们会努力帮助销售商，但是本地销售商希望得到的公正可能只能从破产法院那里找到。很多人对克莱斯勒和通用汽车减少经销商的决定提出质疑。_4_小马网校托福机经背景美联储主席称美国经济正缓慢复苏托福机经,托福机经背景,托福阅读机经背景小马过河网校为大家带来了托福阅读机经背景：美联储主席称美国经济正缓慢复苏！托福机经背景是同学们进行托福备考的重要资料，小马网校为您提供最全最快的机经背景知识！美联储主席称美国经济正缓慢复苏。众所周知，托福机经背景知识不仅开拓考生的思维，而且让考生熟悉托福经常考试的题材、背景知识，让考生更好的适应托福考试，所以如果有其他问题可以请登录小马网校进行免费咨询。By Dan RobinsonWashington03 June 2009Federal Reserve Bank Chairman Ben Bernanke says the U.S. recession should begin to end late