中考英语题型专练 专题六 完形填空 精讲二 议论、说明试题

1议论、说明(2016黑龙江齐齐哈尔) Choose the best answer to complete the passage.The out-of-door world is 31 of secrets. There are so many secrets, and they are so interesting that 32 men and women, boys and girls are busy 33 them. There are all kinds of animals and plants around us. The facts about how they live and grow 34 interesting.Do you know that one of the 35 presidents of the US spent hours and hours studying birds? A businessman lives near New York City. He became so interested in insects that he began to 36 them. He now has over one hundred different kinds of insects. He keeps them carefully in glass boxes. Now come with me, and I will help you find some of 37 secrets. Let us go quietly 38 the forests. Here we shall find how a hare 39 other hares where there is 40 . We shall follow a mother bear and her young ones when they try to 41 food and 42 for their long winter sleep. We shall watch bees dancing in the air to tell other bees 43 they can find food. I will show you 44 other interesting things, but the best thing I can teach you is to keep your eyes and ears 45 when you go outdoors. ( ) 31. A. fill B. filled C. full( ) 32. A. thousands of B. thousand C.thousand of( ) 33. A. to study B. studying C. study( ) 34. A. are B. is C. have( ) 35. A. more famous B. famousest C. most famous( ) 36. A. find B. take C. collect( ) 37. A. natures B. nature C. natures( ) 38. A. across B. through C. cross( ) 39. A. says B. tells C. talks( ) 40. A. dangerous B. safe C. danger( ) 41. A. look up B. look after C. look for( ) 42. A. prepare B. ready C. provide( ) 43. A. when B. where C. that( ) 44. A. many B. much C. a lot( ) 45. A. open B. opening C. opened【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文中描述了户外世界充满了很多秘密。文章分别引用了美国著名总统花时间研究鸟；商人收集昆虫；观看熊妈妈和宝宝寻找食物过冬；蜜蜂在空中跳舞去告知同伴在哪里找到食物等。大自然充满了秘密，快走进大自然吧！31. C 考查固定短语。根据空前的 is和后面的 of结合选项可知考查短语 be full of,，意为：充满。句意：户外世界充满着各种秘密。故选 C。32. A 考查固定短语。根据横线前面无具体数字可知考查 thousand的复数用法短语thousands of，意为：成千上万的。故选 A。33. B 考查固定短语。根据前面的形容词 busy可知考查短语 be busy doing。意为“忙着做”。故选 B。234. A 考查主谓一致。根据句意可知主语是 facts,位于动词用 are,与形容词interesting构成系表结构，充当谓语。句意：关于他们如何生活和成长的事实是有趣的。故选 A。35. C 考查形容词的比较等级。根据前面的 one of可知后面接形容词的最高级形式，然后再接名词复数。famous 的最高级是前面接 most。故选 C。36. C 考查动词辨析。句意： 他变得对昆虫如此感兴趣以至于他开始去_他们。take带；find 找到；collect 收集。结合句意根据宾语 them指代的是“昆虫”，可知用“收集”。故选 C。37. A 考查名词所有格。根据横线后面的名词可知前面用名词所有格，表示泛指“自然的”用 natures。句意：现在请跟我来，我将帮你找到一些自然的秘密。故选 A。38. B 考查介词辨析。 根据后面宾语 forest可知表示“纵穿”，用 forest，across 是介词，强调从“面”上横穿；cross 是动词，意为“横穿”。句意：让我们悄悄地穿过森林。结合语法和句意可知选 B。39. B 考查动词辨析。 在这我们将会发现一个野兔如何_其它的野兔在那里有。根据横线后面的部分可知表示的是“告诉”的内容。say 说；talks 谈话；tells告诉。故选 B。40. C 考查 there be句型。根据横线前面的 there is可知考查 there be 句型，后面需要加名词作主语。dangerous 形容词，危险的；safe 形容词，安全的。danger 名词，危险。根据句子分析选 C。 41. C 考查动词辨析。 look up查找；look for寻找； look after照顾。根据后面的名词 food可知与其搭配的动词短语是 look for。故选 C。42. A 考查介词。 prepare准备；ready 准备；provide 提供。根据后面的 for和 winter sleep冬眠的提示，可知表示“准备”，结合句子分析此处用动词形式和前面的 try表示并列关系。所以用 prepare与其构成短语 prepare for意为“准备”。故选 A。43. B 考查宾语从句。句意：我将会注视到蜜蜂在空中跳舞去告诉其它的蜜蜂_他们能找到食物。根据后面的找到食物可表示找到食物的”地点“。when 什么时候；where 在哪里；that 定语从句的关系代词。此处是考查宾语从句的连接词。故选 B。44. A 考查形容词。根据后面的 things可知可数名词复数。many 后面接可数名词复数；much后面接不可数名词；a lot 修饰动词。根据分析可知选 A。45. A 考查形容词。根据前面的 keep eyes and ears 可知后面用形容词作宾补，表示状态。open 此处用作形容词，意为“打开的，开着的”。opening 是动词的现在分词；opened是动词的过去式。句意：但是我可以教你们的最好事情就是当你们出门时睁开眼睛打开耳朵。故选 A。(2016湖南张家界)第二节完型填空(共 10小题；每小题 1分，满分 10分)通读下面的短文，从 A、B、C 三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项填空，使短文意思通顺，结构 完 整 。Nowadays, WeChat is becoming more and more 26 in China. No matter where we are, we can sign up and send text or voice messages to our friends. We can also find a stranger to talk to by shaking the 27 . Another funny function(作 用 )is that WeChat can help to search for people 28 live nearby with the program on. Many people like this function, 29 it can help them to find more people who they may know.In my opinion , WeChat is really 30 useful chatting tool. It can help people 31 with their friends more easily. 32 , it is also bad for people, 3especially for students. As you see, some people use WeChat 33 too long. It is not healthy to them. So I have some advice to use it in a correct way. First, we should not use it when we are studying. We cant focus on our study if we use it. Second, we must be careful. We should neither show too much personal information 34 trust (相信)strangers so much.We should learn how to use it properly(正确地 ).Remember, WeChat is not everything in your life. 35 depend too much on it.26. A. popular B. cheap C. poor27. A. radio B. phone C. computer28. A. where B. what C. who29. A. though B. but C. because30. A. / B. an C, a31. A. argue B. communicate C. dance32. A. However B. Whoever C. Wherever33. A. for B. in C. on34. A. or B. nor C. and35. A. Doesnt B. Dont C. Isnt【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。微信已经走进了千家万户，这是一款功能非常强大的交际软件，不仅能够交友、看视频，还能分享一些个人信息等。但是，微信也给人们特别是学生们带来不良影响。文章告诉我们应该合理运用微信，不要沉迷，也不要过多透漏自己的个人信息。26.A句意：现在，微信在中国正变得越来越受欢迎。popular“受欢迎的”；cheap“便宜的”；poor“贫穷的”。根据空前的 more and more可知其后要用双音节或多音节形容词，故选 A。27. B句意：通过摇手机功能我们也能找到陌生人聊天。radio“收音机”；phone“手机”；computer“电脑”，结合常识，我们可以知道“摇一摇”功能指的是摇手机，故选 B。28. C先行词为 people，表人，故关系代词要用 who。29. C 句意：许多人喜欢这种功能，因为它能帮助他们找到可能认识的更多的人。though“尽管”；but“但是”；because“因为”，结合句意可知前后两句有因果关系，后句表原因，故选 C。30. C tool意为“工具”，为可数名词，故需用冠词，useful 第一个因为/j/，故用 a。31. B句意：它能够帮助人们更容易地和朋友们交流。argue“辩论”；communicate“交际；交流”；dance“跳舞”，结合常识微信可以更容易地和人们进行交流，故选 B。32. A句意：然而，它对人们，特别是学生们，也是有害的。however“然而；可是”；whoever“不论是谁”；wherever“无论在哪里”，此句和上文之间有转折关系，讨论的是对人们的危害，故选 A。33. A句意：正如你所看到，有些人使用微信时间过长。for 后跟时间段，表示时间的持续。34. B结合此句中的 neither可知应填 nor，neither.nor 为固定搭配，意为“既不；也不”。35. B 否定祈使句以 dont开头，其后用动词原形。(2016江苏镇江) 完形填空(共 10小题；每小题 1分，满分 10分)阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项。4Dear children，How time flies! As your teacher, Id like to talk about “behaving like a grownup” with you before you leave school.During our lives, we need the strength of other people to achieve our goals. _16_ of us can make it on our own.In an _17_ world, we would all have thoughtful, helpful people to guide us in life. Imagine having a _18_ who is devoted to keeping you healthy. Or imagine having a boss who wants you to enjoy your job and make progress in your _19_. But many of us have difficulty dealing with(打交道) grownups who seem _20_ in their changeable moods. If we have immature(不成熟的) adults _21_ trustworthy adults around us, we will certainly get into real trouble.Whats more, if we are always _22_ that were right all the time, while others are wrong, then we are like those immature adults. Our own personalities could be the _23_. A mature adult is someone who makes problems better, not worse. When this type of people face a bad _24_， they try to find ways to be calm and in control. They keep practicing solving problems _25_ they become members of mature adults.Maybe youre now too young to behave like a mature adult. When you run across a problem, try to stay calm and think more before taking actions, then youre really on the way to be a grownup.Yours faithfully，Vivien16. A. None B. Most C. Any D. Many17. A. ancient B. ideal C. unknown D. equal18. A. director B. teacher C. policeman D. doctor19. A. dream B. career C. study D. habit20. A. trapped B. surprised C. bored D. frightened21. A. in front of B. as well as C. instead of D. along with22. A. reporting B. guessing C. thinking D. discussing23. A. problem B. project C. purpose D. power24. A. production B. suggestion C. instruction D. situation25. A. unless B. as C. until D. when【主旨大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章是老师的一篇发言稿。在文中老师给学生们谈了“行为举止要像一个成人一样”的道理。16. A 根据前一句中“we need the strength of other people to achieve our goals”可知我们需要借助其他人的力量才能实现我们的目标，因此：没有人能够仅靠自己的力量做成事。None 没有人；Most 大多数；Any 任何一个；Many 许多。故选 A。17. B 根据后面的“But many of us have difficulty dealing with(打交道) grown-ups”可知前面的“we would all have thoughtful, helpful people to guide us in life” 是理想世界的样子。ancient 远古的；ideal 理想的；unknown 未知的；equal 平等的。故选 B。18. D 根据后面的“who is devoted to keeping you healthy”可知保证我们健康的应5该是医生。director 导演；teacher 教师；policeman 警察；doctor 医生。故选 D。19. B 根据前面的“boss”可知这是你在工作中取得进步。dream 梦，梦想；career 事业；study学习；habit 习惯。故选 B。20. A 根据句意 “但是我们当中许多人在和受多变性格困扰的成年人打交道时有困难”可知是是受困于。trapped 陷入困境；surprised 吃惊；bored 无聊；frightened 害怕。故选A。21. C 根据句意：如果我们周围有着不成熟的成年人而不是值得信赖的成年人，我们真会惹上麻烦。可知前后是相反地意思。A 项意为：在前面；B 项意为：而且；C 项意为：代替，而不是；D 项意为：和一起。instead of 符合句意。故选 C。 22. C 根据句意可知是：如果我们总是认为我们一直是正确的。reporting 报道；guessing猜；thinking 思考，认为；discussing 讨论。thinking 符合句意。故选 C。23. A 根据句意可知：如果总是认为自己对、别人错，我们自己的性格就会成为问题。problem问题；project 工程；purpose；power 力量。problem 符合句意。故选 A。24. D 根据前文可知：成熟的成年人能使问题变好，而不是变糟。当这种人面临坏情况的时候，他们会尽力找方法冷静下来，控制自己的情绪。production 成果；suggestion 建议；instruction指导；situation 情况，状况。situation 符合句意。故选 D。25. C 根据句意可知：他们不断地练习解决问题直到他们成为成熟成年人中的成员。unless除非；as 和一样，由于；until 直到；when 当时候。until 符合句意。故选 C。(2016贵州铜仁). 完形填空 (10 分)阅读下面短文，然后根据短文内容从短文后各题所给的选项中选择能填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡的相应位置将其涂黑。In our daily life, some people think that smoking 36 help them relax. In fact, smoking is really 37 . Do you know that there 38 over 4,000 chemicals in cigarettes? These chemicals are 39 for our bodies. They can cause cancer and 40 diseases. The smoke from cigarettes harms 41 smokers but also other people. Its 42 “second-hand smoke” and it can be 43 and has higher risks. Smokers shouldnt use smoking 44 them relax. They must give up 45 as soon as possible.36. A. must B. can C. should37. A. healthy B. health C. unhealthy38. A. be B. is C. are39. A. good B. bad C. well40. A. other B. others C. another41. A. only B. not only C. just42. A. called B. calls C. calling43. A. more dangerous B. dangerous C. the most dangerous44. A. help B. to help C. helping45. A. smoke B. smokers C. smoking【主旨大意】短文主要阐述的是吸烟对健康造成的危害。36. B 考查情态动词的用法 句意：在我们的日常生活中，有人认为吸烟可以帮助他们放松。must意为“必须”;can 意为“能，可以”；should 意为“应该”。此处意为“有人认为吸烟可以帮助他们放松”。故选 B。637. C 考查词义辨析 句意：事实上，吸烟真的是不健康的。根据下文提到吸烟有害健康，可知选 C。36. C 考查 there be句型 句意：你知道吗，香烟里有超过 4000种化学物质。句子的主语是 4,000 chemicals，是可数名词的复数，be 要用 are,故选 C。39. B 考查词义辨析 句意：这些化学物质对我们的身体有害。根据 be good/bad for固定搭配，排除 C。下文提到他们会导致癌症和其他的疾病，说明有害，故选 B。40. A 考查词义辨析 句意：他们会导致癌症和其他的疾病。other 意为“别的，其他”，作形容词时，修饰可数名词的复数；others 是，意为“另外几个”可以独立做主语，宾语；another意为“另一个”，只能代替或者修饰可数名词的单数，而 diseases是复数形式。故选 A。41. B 考查连词的用法 句意：香烟的烟雾不仅危害吸烟者，而且危害其他人。根据 not onlybut also固定结构，意为“不仅而且”故选 B。42. A 考查动词的用法 句意：他被称为“二手烟”。 此处是被动语态，故选 A。43. A 考查形容词的用法 句意：它可能更危险，并有更高的风险。根据由 and 并列的higher是比较级，and 并列的词要用相同的形式，那么之前的形容词也要用比较级，。故选 A。44. B 考查动词的用法 句意：吸烟者不应该用吸烟来帮助他们放松。根据 use to do 意为“用做”的固定句型可知选 B。45. C 考查动词的用法 句意：他们必须尽可能快地戒烟。根据 give up doing意为“放弃干”可知用动名词，故选 C。(2016黑龙江哈尔滨)二、完形填空(本题共 10分，每小题 1分)Be pleased to do anything even though it is very tiny. In tact, theres no single thing that is not worth doing or you are not able to do. So living a happy life with a light heart is the most important. A good mood decides your quality of life. Then 21 can you live a happy life?Make each day meaningful (有意义的)by helping someone or just making someone smile. The feeling which makes you want to help others 22 at the bottom of your heart. Happiness depends on your feelings in your heart. Helping others is helping yourself. By helping others,you 23 more. Seeing their satisfied smile will make you feel 24 of what you have done.Face difficulties bravely in your life. 25 may meet with difficulties. No one can avoid them. The difficulties can teach you lot. They are your treasure. They will help you to be closer to 26 .Focus on the good experiences you 27 in the past few years. Be grateful to life. Dont think too much about the negative things. They 28 bad weather. Bad weather will pass sooner or later, so will the negative things. You may find many dead ends in your life, but you will 29 find your way out of them. Everything will get better at last.Never worry about the things you cant change. Worrying isnt useful. Worrying can 30 change the situation 30 solve any problem. Perhaps, not every dream will be realized; not every effort(努力) will be completed. Never mind, and take it easy.Come on, everybody! Lets live a happy life with a light heart and enjoy the beautiful sunshine every day.7根据短文内容选择最佳答案。( ) 21. A. what B. how C. why( ) 22.A. stay B. staying C. stays( ) 23.A. are giving B. staying C. stays( ) 24.A. proud B. afraid C. tired ( ) 25. A. Somebody B. Nobody C. Everybody( ) 26. A. failure B. success C. trouble( ) 27. A. have had B. have C. has( ) 28. A. are different from B. are fond of C. are similar to( ) 29. A. always B. seldom C. never( ) 30.A. not only; but also B. neither; nor C. either; or 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。拥有愉快的心情才能有快乐的生活，乐于助人能使我们的生活更有意义，正所谓“赠人玫瑰，手留余香”，在生活中我们应积极向上，勇敢面对困难。21.B句意：那么，你怎样才能拥有快乐的生活呢？空白处强调“方式”，故选 B项。22.C句意：促使你想要帮助别人的这种情绪保留在你的心底。本句中主语为 The feeling(单数第三人称)，且时态为一般现在时，故动词为 stays。23.C句意：通过帮助别人，你也将被给予很多。本句主语为动作的承受者，故用一般将来时的被动语态。24.A句意：看到他们满意的笑容将会使你对你所做的感到骄傲。feel proud of意为“对感到骄傲(自豪)”。25.C句意：每个人都可能遇到困难，没有人能避免。空白处强调“全部”，故选 C项。26.B句意：它们将帮助你更接近成功。failure 失败；success 成功；trouble 麻烦。B 项符合语境。27.A句意：关注近几年内你所拥有的美好经历。in the past few years 意为“近几年”，为现在完成时的时间状语。故选 A项。28.C句意：它们与糟糕的天气相似。be different from.与不同；be fond of.爱好；be similar to.与相似，结合语境，C 项正确。29.A句意：在生活中你可能会发现很多不好的结局，但是你将总会找到摆脱它们的方法。always总是；seldom 很少；never 从不。30.B句意：忧虑既不能改变环境，也不能解决任何问题。not only; but also 不仅；而且；neither; nor既不，也不；either; or 或者，或者。本句强调否定意味，故选 B项。(2016广西贵港)阅读下面短文，从各题所给的选项中选出最佳答案。Do you want to be a successful person? One of the 46 of successful people is that they have good habits. The good habits help them to be successful. What are good habits? 47 can you get into good habits? Here are some suggestions for you.First everyone 48 his advantages. You should always look for the 49 points in people and learn from them.Second, you should try to learn new 50 and new things every day. Reading a newspaper or 51 pages of a book every day also helps you.Third, 52 the day in the right way. When you get up in the morning, look 53 yourself in the mirror and tell yourself you must keep your good 8habits today.Fourth, make a plan to achieve your goal. Making a plan is the 54 important step to achiever your goal. Each day you should follow the plan so that you are able to achieve your goal.Last, no 55 what good habits you decide to have, you should try to keep them. Then you can live a successful and happy life.46. A. reason B. secret C. secrets D. decisions47. A. How B. Why C. When D. Who48. A. are B. is C. have D. has49. A. well B. good C. weak D. bad50. A. service B. word C. poems D. skills51. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little52. A. end B. finish C. start D. arrive53. A. like B. up C. after D. at54. A. most B. many C. much D. move55. A. mistake B. matter C. stress D. energy【文章主旨】这是一篇说明文。短文围绕“如何成为一名成功人士”这一问题，从五个方面给提出的建议。46. C 考查名词辨析。A 原因；B 秘密；C 秘密；D 决定。根据前文的问题 Do you want to be a successful person?加以设问，可知此句进行回答“成功的秘诀是” 。另外，one of后接可数名词复数。故选 C。47. A 考查疑问词辨析。 how如何；why 为什么；when 当时候；who 谁。 根据后面列举的五条建议可知，这里是设问“如何形成好的习惯？” ，故选择特殊疑问词 how。故选A。48. D 考查系动词辨析。 根据句子结构成份分析，everyone 做主语，his advantages做宾语，中间缺少谓语成份，应由实义动词充当，并且 everyone不定代词做主语时谓语动词用单数。故选 D。49. B 考查语境辨析。 根据句意：您应该发现他人身上的优点，向之学习。故选 B。50. B 考查名词辨析。service 服务；word 单词；poems 诗歌；skills 技能。 根据后文中读报、看书的描述，可知，这里建议尝试多学一些新词。故选 B。51. A 考查代词辨析。 根据句意理解，可知此处表示建议读几页书，为肯定意义，而且pages为可数名词，应由 a few修饰。故选 A。52. C 考查动词辨析。end 结束；finish 完成；start 开始；arrive 到达。 根据后一句中 get up in the morning可知，此处表示以正确的方式“开始”新的一天。故选 C。53. D 考查介词辨析。 根据句意：当你在早起时对着镜子看自己，可知，这里是考查动词短语 look at用法。故选 D。54. A 考查语境辨析。 根据句意：制定计划是实现个人目标最重要的一步，可知，这里考查形容词最高级的用法。故选 A。55. B 考查名词辨析。 mistake错误；matter 问题；stress 压力；energy 能量。 根据句意：无论你选择什么样的好习惯，都要一直坚持下去，可知，这里考查短语 no matter无论。故选 B。(2016广西南宁)BStudents may have problems with their minds. Some students become worried because they have to study very 41 . Others have trouble getting on well 9with people like their parents and classmates.A student of Grade 8 could not understand his teacher and was doing 42 in his lessons. He became so worried about it that he 43 to cut his finger with a knife.Another student was afraid of 44 . She got very worried 45 she looked at the exam paper, and she could write nothing. A report says that 18% of shanghai students have mental(心理的)problems. Their troubles include being worried and 46 , having problems in learning and getting on with people. Many students who have problems wont ask for 47 . Some think they will look stupid if they go to see a doctor. Others dont want to talk 48 their secrets.A famous expert on students has the following 49 : Talk to your parents and teachers often. Take part in group activities and play sports. Go to see a doctor if you feel unhappy 50 unwell.41. A. hard B. hardly C. easy D. easily42. A. worse B. badly C. well D. better43. A. refused B. stopped C. forgot D. started44. A. friends B. exams C. doctors D. books45. A. when B. what C. where D. why46. A. happy B. unhappy C. lucky D. unlucky47. A. success B. chance C. help D. dream48. A. to B. with C. about D. in49. A. suggestion B. facts C. fact D. suggestions50. A. as B. or C. but D. so【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文说明了当前学生们在思想方法存在的心理压力问题，尤其是在面对考试和交友两个方面。对此专家给出了一些建议。41. A 根据上文 Some students become worried because they have to study，可推知，此处是 hard, study very hard非常努力地学习。hard 努力地；hardly 很少；easy 容易的；easily 容易地。故选 A。42. B 根据前一句 A student of Grade 8 could not understand his teacher，可推知这个学生在学习中有困难，结合此处使用 do well in用法变形，使用 do badly in在某方面做得不好。worse 更差；badly 坏的，差的；well 好；better 更好。故选 B。43. D 根据前文 He became so worried about it他对学习变得焦虑，结合后面 to cut his finger with a knife 去用刀划他的手指，可推知此处使用 start的用法，start to do sth.开始做某事。refused 拒绝；stopped 停止；forgot 忘记；started 开始。故选D。44. B 根据后一句中 she looked at the exam paper, and she could write nothing，可推知他担心考试。friends 朋友；exams 考试；doctors 医生；books 书。故选 B。45. A 根据本句意思及结构分析，可知此句是由 when引导的时间状语从句，当他看到试卷时会变得非常烦躁。when 当时；what 什么；where 哪里；why 为什么。故选 A。46. B 根据句中主语 troubles可推知，此处与 worried 意思相近的词，happy 快乐；unhappy不愉快；lucky 幸运的；unlucky 不幸的。故选 B。47. C 根据句意许多有困难的学生不想寻求“帮助”，success 成功；chance 机会；help10帮助； dream 梦想。故选 C。48. C 根据句意其他