2018届高考英语二轮复习闯关导练第二部分阅读理解技巧与体裁演练课时14阅读理解体裁解读

1课时 14 阅读理解体裁解读(5)应用文【体裁解读】应用文指在日常工作和生活中使用的文体，一般可分为两大类：一类是叙述性应用文，例如书信、日记、便条、报告、请帖等；另一类是说明性应用文，包括广告、启事、海报、守则、公告、公约、个人简历、备忘录、摘要等。近年普通高考英语试题主要涉及宣传广告、公告类应用文，当然偶尔也出现了书信类文章；其文章呈现形式多样，除了文字外还有图表、图片、表格、地址、网址等。高考英语阅读理解应用文的命题特点：1应用文类型文章，语言简练，一般来说和所述问题无关的文字不会出现，例如很多文章没有标题，许多文章甚至通篇都没有一句完整的句子，而是用词、数字、缩写、短语等来替代。2就其用词来看，文章中充斥着大量冗长而生僻的专有名词，例如人名、地名、机构名、组织名、书籍名、作品名等等，而且均没有汉语注释。3应用文的行文方式，每种文体都有其固定的格式。叙述性应用文采用一般记叙文的写作方法，无特别之处：说明性应用文的行文是排列式即以小标题为单位逐一下行排列。4高考英语应用文的设问一般按照文章段落的顺序依次设置。设问内容一般以细节题为主，也兼有询问短文出处和写作意图的题目。例如：Where can you most probably find this article/passage? What is the purpose of this passage?体裁演练(2017全国新课标)Pacific Science Center GuideVisit Pacific Science Centers StoreDont forget to stop by Pacific Science Centers Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit.The store is located (位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.Hungry? Our exhibits will feed your mind，but what about your body？Our caf offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options，in addition to seasonal specials.The caf is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.Rental InformationLockers are available to store any belongings during your visit.The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3.Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and 2Denny Way entrance.ID required.Support Pacific Science CenterSince 1962，Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion (热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science，math and technology.Today，Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquirybased science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State.Its an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals，corporations，and other social organizations.Visit to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.1Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?AIn Building 1.BIn Building 3.CAt the Laser Dome.DAt the Denny Way entrance.2What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?ATrain science teachers.BDistribute science books.CInspire scientific research.DTake science to the classroom.3What is the purpose of the last part of the text?ATo encourage donations.BTo advertise coming events.CTo introduce special exhibits.DTo tell about the Centers history.【能力提升】AIn the coming months，we are bringing together artists from all over the globe，to enjoy speaking Shakespeares plays in their own language，in our Globe，within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for.Please come and join us.National Theatre of China Beijing|ChineseThis great occasion (盛会) will be the National Theatre of Chinas first visit to the UK.The companys productions show the new face of 21st century 3Chinese theatre.This production of Shakespeares Richard will be directed by the Nationals Associate Director，Wang Xiaoying.Date children 12 to 17, $ 12; children 11 and under, free.The Please Touch MuseumThe Please Touch Museum on 4231 Avenue of the Republic offers kids the chance to explore, discover and learn in a fun environment. The museum features six interactive zones where kids and parents are encouraged to play and learn about science, the environment and more. Exhibits include Flight Fantasy, where kids learn about flying machines, and River Adventures, which teaches kids about science, nature and weather.Price: adults, $15; children under the age of 1, freeThe Philadelphia ZooThe Philadelphia Zoo sits on a 42acre Victorian garden. The zoo features 91,300 animals, including a number of rare and endangered species. While visiting the zoo families can see big cats, zebras, giraffes, endangered turtle species and penguins. The zoo also includes rides for kids, such as a Rainforest Carousel and Camel Safari.Price: Adults, $18; children 2 to 12, $15; children younger than 2, free.The Franklin InstituteThe Franklin Institute is Philadelphias major science museum, and one of the oldest in the United States. The museum offers guests the chance to experience flight simulator(模拟器)and sky bikes. The first floor offers a large Kid Science exhibit, where children discover science through a fictional journey. The second floor features air shows.Price: Adults, $12; children 4 to 11, $12.15One of the features of the Philadelphia Museum of Art is that _.Avisitors have access to River AdventuresBvisitors can learn about exhibits using prerecorded voice introductionsCit has the cheapest admission fees for adultsDit offers kids tour rides to see more endangered animals16The Please Touch Museum differs from the others mainly because _.Ait boasts a number of rare and endangered speciesBit has a large collection of clothingCit combines learning with pleasureDit includes a large kid science exhibit17Teenagers interested in aircraft will most likely to visit both _.Athe Philadelphia Museum of Art and the Please Touch MuseumBthe Please Touch Museum and the Franklin InstituteCthe Philadelphia Museum of Art and the Franklin InstituteDthe Philadelphia Zoo and the Please Touch Museum18Which group does the Travel Series mainly target?A. Families with kids B. Newlymarried couplesC. Individual visitors D. Museum lovers10课时 14 阅读理解体裁解读(5)应用文【体裁演练】【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文太平洋科学中心旅行指南。1B 细节理解题。根据题干中的 buy a souvenir 可定位到文章第一部分。在太平洋科学中心商店(Pacific Science Centers Store)可以买纪念品，再根据该部分最后一句“The store is located (位于) upstairs in Building 3.”可知，该商店在三号楼，故选 B 项。A、C、D 三项张冠李戴。位于一号楼的咖啡馆和问询处等均不出售纪念品，排除 A 项；文章第一部分提到商店紧挨着 Laser Dome，而不是说在 Laser Dome 可以买纪念品，排除 C 项；根据文章第三部分中的“Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance.”可知，在 Denny Way 的入口处可以租借婴儿车和轮椅，而不能买纪念品，排除 D 项。2D 细节理解题。根据文章第四部分中的“Today，Pacific Science Center.brings inquirybased science education to classrooms.”可知，太平洋科学中心把基于探究的科学教育带入课堂，故选 D 项。A、B 两项无中生有，文章没有提到“培训科学教师”和“分发科学书籍” 。C 项曲解文意，根据文章第四部分中的“.inspiring a passion (热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science，math and technology.”可知，太平洋科学中心激励着人们在科学、数学和技术方面有所发现以及终身学习，而不是激励着人们进行科学研究。3A 推理判断题。根据文章第四部分中的“Visit to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.”可知，该部分的写作目的是鼓励人们以各种方式支持太平洋科学中心，也就是鼓励人们捐款，故选 A 项。B、C 两项无中生有，该部分没有提到“宣传即将举行的活动”和“介绍特殊的展览” 。D 项曲解文意，该部分提到了自 1962 年以来太平洋科学中心做的事情，但这不是为了讲述该中心的历史，而是为下文鼓励人们捐款作铺垫。【能力提升】A【语篇解读】本文是四则广告，属于应用文。文章主要介绍了四家剧院有关莎士比亚戏剧的演出信息。1A 细节理解题。根据 National Theatre of China Beijing|Chinese 下面的第三句“This production of Shakespeares Richard will be directed by the Nationals Associate Director，Wang Xiaoying.” 可知，将要在中国国家大剧院上演的是 Richard ，故选 A 项。B、C、D 三项张冠李戴，它们分别是 Deafinitely Theatre，Marjanishvili Theatre 和 Habima National Theatre 要演出的戏剧。112C 细节理解题。根据 Deafinitely Theatre London|British Sign Language (BSL)下面的第一句“By translating the rich and humorous text of Loves Labours Lost into the physical language of BSL.”可知，在 Deafinitely Theatre 中，戏剧是用 BSL(英国手语)来演出的。故选 C 项。A 项偷换概念，文中指出 Deafinitely Theatre的观众包括失聪的人和正常人两种群体，而不是它的演员；B 项无中生有，文章没有说Deafinitely Theatre 是伦敦最好的剧院；D 项曲解文意，文中虽然提到了 comedy，但提到的是这家剧院对莎士比亚的喜剧新的诠释，不是这家剧院擅长制作喜剧。3D 细节理解题。根据题干中的 in Hebrew 可以定位至 Habima National Theatre 处，根据最后一部分内容“Date &Time：Monday 28 May,7.30pm & Tuesday 29 May，7.30pm”可知，在 5 月 29 日是可以看戏剧的，故选 D 项。A、B、C 三项张冠李戴，A、B 两项是 National Theatre of China 的戏剧演出的时间安排；C 项是 Deafinitely Theatre 的戏剧演出的时间安排。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国旧金山的四条旅游路线。4A 细节理解题。根据第一个标题 San Francisco Winery Tour 下的 February 1st through April 30th 可知，此项活动从 2 月 1 日持续到 4 月 30 日，所以如果 3 月份出游，要选择 San Francisco Winery Tour，故选 A 项。5C 细节理解题。根据第二个标题 Back to the Fifties Tour 下的“Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.”可知，游客在领略历史文化的同时，还有免费的冰激凌可吃，故选 C 项。6D 细节理解题。根据最后一个标题 Holiday Lights Tour 下的“Advance reservations required.”可知，想参加这条路线，游客要提前预订，故选 D 项。C【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了国外一家公司研发飞行汽车的最近进展。7A 主旨大意题。根据第一段中提到飞行汽车的两个座位、四个轮子以及车翼、飞行速度、油耗等情况可知，该段是在介绍飞行汽车 Transition 的基本数据，故选 A 项。B项曲解文意，该段最后三句只是列举了这款飞行汽车在路上和在空中行驶时的一些数据对比，并没有提及其优势；C 项无中生有，该段并没有提及这款飞行汽车的潜在市场问题；D项以偏概全，文中确实提到了飞行汽车的设计者，但它不是本段的主要内容。8C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But dont expect it to show up in too many driveways.Its expected to cost $279,000.”可知，此款汽车不能推广的主要原因是它太贵了，故选 C 项。A、B 两项无中生有，文章并没有提及这款汽车会导致交通拥堵和难以操作的问题；D 项曲解文意，第一段的最后两句介绍了飞行汽车的油耗，但没提及12耗油太多。 9B 观点态度题。根据第三段“The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.”中的 permit 可知，政府对此持支持的态度，故选 B 项。A 项“谨慎的” ，C 项“模棱两可的” ，D 项“不同意的” 。10D 标题归纳题。本文是一则新闻报道，介绍了一种新型的飞行汽车。新闻报道的主题句通常是第一句话，本文的第一句中提到了 flying car 和 closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year，由此可知，飞行汽车快要变成现实了，故选 D 项。A 项以偏概全，该项虽然有 flying car，但出现在汽车展览会上是以后的事，并不是文章重点；B 项以偏概全，这款飞行汽车在上个月的飞行只是在第一段提到，并不能概括全文；C 项张冠李戴，最后一段虽然提到了飞行员，但开飞行汽车不是他们的梦想。D【语篇导读】 本文是广告类短文。介绍了大学部分服务项目的情况。如自助餐厅咖啡馆营业的项目及时间、地点等。11C 细节理解题。在 TWU 的自助餐厅你可以做什么？根据 food 部分第一段第二句It serves snacks, drinks,