汉译英基本句型参考答案及讲解

汉译英基本句型参考答案及讲解一重点词组1 (psychology isnt so interesting to him as history)考查知识： “as as ” “同一样” 。注意第一个 as 是副词，后面接的是形容词，或副词，后面一个as 是介词，后面接的是名词或代词。2 （have Mike open it）考查知识： “have sb. do sth” “让某人做某事”3 （consists largely in the style of its ancient buildings）考查知识：consist in 在于，存在于4(boys only account for / constitute one fourth of all the students)考查知识：account for, constitute 都可以表示“占据，占”5 （It never occurred to me that he would fail in the exam）考查知识：occur to “被想到，被想起”6( a good idea suddenly came to him)考查知识： come to 突然想到7(comes up with some novel ideas)考查知识：come up with 想出（计划，答复等） ，提出8 （she cant put up with /tolerate/stand / bear this loud noise any longer）考查知识：put up with/ tolerate/stand/ bear 都可以表示“忍受”29(other than Kate)考查知识：other than 除 以外10(rather than he should help us)考查知识：rather than 而不是11 ( Now that we have finished the course)考查知识：now that= since 既然，由于12( Believe it or not )考查知识：Believe it or not 是个习惯用语， “信不信由你”13(contributed to the rapid growth of cities)考查知识：contribute to 对 做出贡献，促进，推动14(Despite/ in spite of the seeming unity)考查知识：despite 是个介词，后面要接名词，代词或动名词。 “尽管，虽然”15 (has blamed immigrants for rising unemployment; has attributed the rising unemployment to immigrants) 考查知识：blame sb. for sth.因为而指责，怪罪某人 ; attribute to “把归咎于” ，把归因于，认为是的结果16( A random selection of married couples)考查知识：random 是个形容词， “随机的，任意的，不加挑选的”17(have appealed for information as to her whereabouts)考查知识：appeal for 呼吁，恳求，as to 关于18( testified to her guilt/ testified that she was guilty)考查知识：testify (to) 证明19(is due to make/ deliver an important speech this evening) 考查知识：be due to do 即将做某事 deliver a speech 发表演讲20( As to the problems left over from the past)考查知识：as to/ for 关于，至于21(fell/ got into the habit of being punctual)考查知识：fall/ get into the(a) habit of doing 养成做某事的习惯22(The moment/ As soon as she saw her mother)3考查知识：the moment= as soon as 一就23(Now （that ） you are a college student)考查知识：now （that）= since，because 既然，由于24 （It is anything but easy）一个 13 亿人口的大国要实现和平崛起，绝非易事。考查知识：anything but “根本不是” ，“绝不是” 。例如：He is anything but diligent. （他一点也不勤奋。 ）25(She did nothing but eat and sleep all day)考查知识：“nothing but”相当于“only”,意思是“只是，就是 ”。注意：nothing but 前面的谓语动词如果是 do 时， nothing but 后面要接不带 to 的不定式，即动词原形；如果不是 do 的话，to 就不能够省略。例如：The doctor told him nothing but 4to stop smoking26(He is nothing but a small child)27(No wonder she was fired)考查知识：no wonder “难怪，怪不得”28(do nothing but watch television)29(none other than the author himself) 考查知识：none other than “正是，仅仅是”30(We might as well walk)考查知识：might/may as well “不妨，还不如”见词汇 P75-16 题31(but when it comes to repairing it)考查知识：when it comes to “当谈到，当涉及到”, 注意该句型中的 to 是介词，后面要接名词，代词，或动名词。32(There is no denying)考查知识：There is no denying= It is impossible to deny33(regret telling her)考查知识：regret doing sth. 表示对于已经发生的事表示后悔。regret to do sth. 对于未做但要做的事表示遗憾。例如：I regret to have to do 5this， but I have no choice我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没办法。(未做但要做)34(I regret to tell you)考查知识：固定句型 I/ we regret to say/ tell you “很遗憾地告诉你 ”35(He followed Kates misleading advice)36( was planned well in advance)考查知识：in advance 事先，提前37 (result in a serious traffic accident)38 (resulted from the drivers carelessness)考查知识：result in “ 导致，造成”,result from “是 的结果”二重要句型1 （that Tom changed his mind so soon） 考查知识：it 作形式主语可以替换名词从句，动名词，不定式2(whether he will comply with the order) 3( made it impossible for him to pass the exam)考查知识：在 deem, consider, believe, make, feel, find, think 等不完全及物动词之后,要先加 it 做形式宾语,再接宾语补足语:形容词或名词,真正的宾语是后面的不定式.4(it an honor for me to deliver this speech)5( it interesting to study English)66 (it is interesting to study English)考查知识：上述不完全及物动词也可直接以 that 从句作宾语 ,此时这类动词就变成完全及物动词.7(it /it is hard to explain the matter to her)8 (With so much homework to do)考查知识：with 引导的独立主格9(With such a short time)10 (All flights having been canceled)考查知识：独立主格11( should be removed from their posts, the earlier the better)考查知识： “the+比较级 ，the +比较级” “越 越”12(that he objected to the proposal)13 (I cannot help but admire him/ cannot but admire him / cannot help admiring him)考查知识： “不得不”的三种表达方法：cannot help but do sth., cannot but do sth., cannot help doing sth. 14 (It goes without saying)考查知识：it goes without saying 不用说15 (She had no sooner heard the news/ No sooner had she heard the news)考查知识： “一就” ， “刚就”可以用 no sooner than , 或scarcely when.注意：no sooner 和 scarcely 引导的句子的谓语动词要用动词完成时态，than 和 when 之后要用动词一般时态。no sooner 和 scarcely 如果放在句首的话，要主谓倒装。716(the fact that she studied so hard 或 her studying so hard).考查知识：介词后面不能直接接从句，必须先加上名词 fact,再把待译的句子作为同位语从句译出来或者把汉语的句子变成英语的动名词短语。17(There is no knowing)考查知识：句型 There is + no + V-ing= It is impossible to V。可以用于该句型的动词常见的有：argue, say, know, stop, predict, tell 等18(The reason why we have to grow trees)考查知识：The reason why +句子 +is that+句子 “的原因是”19(That is the reason why I dont like it)20(Since he went to senior high school)21(Due to/ Thanks to/Owing to his encouragement)考查知识： due to, owing to, thanks to 都是表示“ 因为” ，但要注意含有感激、讽刺等感情色彩时，一般使用 thanks to; owing to 不能与 be 动词搭配做谓语动词。例如：His absence is owing to the storm. (),但是 His absence is due to the storm.()22(Rich as our country is 或 Though our country is rich)考查知识：让步状语从句。 by no means= on no account= in no way 一点也不三倍数/比较1(London has a larger population than any other city in the United Kingdom/ London is the city with the largest population in the United Kingdom)2(continues to double every five months)8考查知识：double 动词， “翻番，增加一倍”3( one in/out of every ten Americans now owns a mobile phone)考查知识： one in/ out of ten 十分之一4( had better “thinking” skills than those without )5(It is four times as large as the other one/ It is three times larger than the other one/ It is four times the size of the other one).考查知识：倍数词+the/that/this/those/these+（表示大小,数量等等的）名词 “是的几倍”6(He earns twice the amount of my income every month)7(the more you will appreciate her beauty).8(just as we cant live without water)9(a great deal/ much more healthy than he was)考查知识：修饰比较级常见的词有：many times, a bit, even, rather, somewhat , much, a lot, ever, a little, a great deal, far 等等。10 (the thinner the air becomes)11(one of the best books that he has ever written)12(far more interesting than this one)13 ( as gracefully as her elder sister)四虚拟语气1(If he had come yesterday/ Had he come yesterday)考查知识：从句中有 should, were 及过去完成时助动词 had 出现时，均可将它们9置于主语前，将 if 省略。2(lest/ for fear that they should be punished)考查知识：lest, for fear that 后面接从句，从句谓语动词要用 should+动词原形3(If I were you)4( I would have seen her off at the railway station)考查知识：3，4 题见第 18 题后面的讲解。5(it snows(可能性较大)/it should snow(可能性较小)考查知识：in case 以防万一6(If the whole operation had not been prepared beforehand)7( she might be alive now)8(he would be well off now)考查知识：要注意时态不一致的虚拟语气：if 从句与过去事实相反，用过去完成时，而主句若与现在事实相反，则用过去式助动词表示，此类主句句尾多置表现在的时间副词如 now, today 等。9(Had I proposed to you that year/ If I had proposed to you that year)10(as if he were drunk)考查知识：as if “好象” 。如果后面接的是非真实的“好象” 、不太可能发生的情况，用虚拟语气；如果是很有可能发生的事情，就用正常陈述语气。11 (But for music/Without music)1012(But for his advice)13(Were it not for her presence) 与现在事实相反14(If it had not been for her presence) 与过去事实相反考查知识：but for, if it were not for/if it had not been for,表示与事实相反的假设，意思是“若非” 。15(I wouldnt have gone to attend her party yesterday)16(You wouldnt feel so hot) 17(If we hadnt made adequate preparations)18(If it rained(常用的形式)/were to rain (可能性较小时用)/should rain(可能性较大时用) tomorrow) 考查知识： 表示与现在情况相反的假设，用一般过去时；与过去已发生情况相反的假设，用过去完成时态；对未来状况的假设有三种情况，见题答案。19(you came here a little earlier) 20(he hadnt told her the news)考查知识： would rather 后面如果接的是从句，从句谓语动词要用过去时态;若表示与过去已发生的事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时态。21(they should tell stories in turn)22. (the seats should be booked/reserved in advance)考查知识：在表示建议，命令，决定等动词之后的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用原型，或 should+动词原形。常用的这类动词有：suggest, order, command, insist, require, determine, maintain, urge 等等。23(every student should hand in a report on social investigation after summer vacation) 24(the troops should withdraw at once)考查知识：虚拟语气用在表示建议，命令，决定等的名词后的从句中，谓语用动词原形或 should +动词原形。常用的这类名词有：advice, suggestion, necessity, decision, requirement, order 等等。25(some measures should be taken immediately)26(he should reserve the ticket in advance)11考查知识：在一些表示重要性，必要性，合适的，恰当的等形容词之后的从句中，谓语动词要用原形或 should +动词原形。常见的这类形容词有：important, necessary, imperative, compulsory, proper, ridiculous, preferable, insistent, advisable, anxious 等等。27(we went home)考查知识：It is (high, about) time 句型要求用虚拟语气，谓语动词用过去时，或者用 should + 动词原形(不常用)。28(But for your strong support)29(couldnt have passed the entrance examination)30(would rather you didnt do)31( took proper steps to solve the traffic problems)32 （what would they think）五不定式1(protested against plans to build a nuclear plant here/ plans for a nuclear plant here)考查知识：不定式做定语2(important for you to choose a good friend)3 (foolish of him to make such a mistake)考查知识： “It is + 形容词 + for/ of +名词 /代词+不定式” 该句型中的形容词若是表示人物特征，特性，整句谓语描述对象是人，那么要用12of, 这类形容词常见的有：brave, careless, thoughtful, considerate, bold, foolish, polite, wrong 等等；若该句型中的形容词描述的是某一件事情，那么要用 for, 这类形容词常见的有：important, necessary, impossible, difficult 等等。见词汇 14-27 ppt 264 ( to work hard)=its known that he works hard.5(to have taken place sometime yesterday) = It is reported that the car accident took place sometime yesterday.考查知识： 不定式的动作如果和主句的动作同时或几乎同时发生，不定式用一般时态；如果不定式的动作先于主句的动作发生，那么不定式要用完成时态。6( to have grown up to be a noted scientist)7( has much to do with ones/ his effort)考查知识：have much/a lot / a little/ little/ to do with 和有很大/ 一点/没有关系8 ( the man sneak into her house)考查知识：感官动词，如 notice, see, watch, hear 等，后面可以接动词原形也可以接动词现在分词形式。如果强调动作的整个过程，后面接动词原形；如果强调动作正在进行，就用现在分词形式。9(only to fail in the exam) “only to” 竟然（表示与预料相反的结果）10(To make matters worse) 做独立副词短语，修饰主句11( as to help the old man carry the heavy box)考查知识：so as to 以致1312( let alone/ not to mention/ not to speak of French) 考查知识：let alone, not to mention, not to speak of “更不用说，更不要提” 。前面较易的事不能做到，后面更难的事更不可能做到了。13(To balance work and school) 考查知识：不定式做目的状语14( He would rather watch TV at home) 考查知识：在 would rather, cannot help but, had better, would sooner, cannot but 等结构后要接不带 to 的不定式。六分词1(finishing at 10 oclock) 分词做结果状语考查知识：分词做状语，要满足两个基本条件：分词的逻辑主语，必须和主句的逻辑主语是同一个；分14词表示的动作和主句的动作必须是同时发生或几乎同时发生。分词在句中可以做时间状语，原因状语，结果状语，让步状语，伴随状况等。2(fish cooked in this way = fish that is cooked in this way)考查知识：分词还可以做定语。分词做定语相当于定语从句的省略形式，现在分词做定语表示动作是先行词主动发出的，过去分词做定语表示动作是先行词被动承受的。3 ( Not (being) fond of learning)4(Never having been to America)考查知识：分词的否定形式是在分词前加 not, never 等否定词。 5 (Driving along this winding street)6( The girl having failed in the exam)考查知识：分词状语要满足两个条件。如果分词的逻辑主语和主句的主语不一致的话，就必须把分词的逻辑主语写在其前面，这就构成了独立主格。独立主格也可以做各种状语。另外，with 等介词也可以引导独立主格。7 (with a letter in his hand/ with one hand holding a letter / with a letter held in one hand)考查知识： “with”引导表示情形或状况的介词短语或分词短语，常见句型有两种：with + 宾语+ 介词+宾语 (作宾语补语)with + 宾语+ 现在分词/过去分词 (作宾语补语)8(with her voice shaking with delight)考查知识：独立主格159(because she left the office with the door unlocked)考查知识：独立主格10(leaving the project unfinished)考查知识：分词做结果状语11(permitting us to see as well as to hear all kinds of programs)考查知识：分词做原因状语12(Her children having left)考查知识：独立主格13(As to/for the money needed)考查知识：过去分词做定语14(Protected by that pile of straw)考查知识：分词做原因状语15 (Yielding to the temptation of money)考查知识：分词做原因状语16(Caught in a sudden downpour/ thunderstorm)考查知识：分词做原因状语17(trying to make as much money as I could/ as much as possible) 考查知识：分词做原因状语七动名词1(she dislikes her colleagues/ colleagues smoking in the office) 动名词做宾语2(your class winning the basketball match) 3(her associating with that boy) 4(Having studied computer) 动名词作主语5( his devoting himself to the cause of education) 动名词作宾语6 (everyone/everyones passing the exam) (动名词作表语)考查知识：动名词的逻辑主语如果和句子的主语不一致时，必须要写出其逻辑主语。7(without saying goodbye to us) 动名词作介词宾语168(After graduating from the college) 考查知识：动名词本身不能作状语，但放在介词后，又可以起状语作用，表示原因，时间，让步，方式，目的等。八非谓语动词用法区别1(Playing football) 2(To become a great scientist)考查知识：动名词作主语，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验；不定式作主语，通常用以表示一件未完成的事情或目的。 “踢足球有趣”这是件大家都明白的事，所以要用动名词作主语；而“成为一名科学家”现在这个梦想还未实现，所以要用不定式作主语。3 (singing a song)4( to pass the exam)考查知识：一句话中，若包含有两个动作，但无连接词：两个动词表示的动作同时发生，其中一个动词变成分词；不同时发生，其中一个变成不定式。 “离17开”与“唱歌”这两个动作同时发生，要把后一个动词变成分词形式；“努力学习”之后才能“通过考试” ，这两个动作不是同时发生的，故后一个动词要用不定式。5(to learn of the failure in the exam)6( Learning of the failure in the exam)考查知识：不定式作原因状语时，一般放在句尾。而分词作原因状语，一般放在句首。7 (I will have it repaired)8 (I will have it working somehow)考查知识：现在分词表示动作主动发生或正在进行中，过去分词表示被动承受或动作已经完成。9(only to drop it on his own feet)10(claiming thousands of peoples lives)考查知识：only to 引导的短语作结果状语，后面接预料之外的结果；分词作结果状语后面接的是在预料之中的结果。11(He is always the first student to enter and the last one to leave the classroom)考查知识：被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或 next， second, last, only和 not a，the 等限定词时候，只能用不定式九时态1( You shouldnt have been following him so closely)2( would be beneficial to both sides) 考查知识：过去将来时3 （had deeply impressed critics and viewers）考查知识：过去完成时4( drove through a red light and collided with a bus)考查知识：过去时5(he has worked in this city)考查知识：现在完成时态。since 引导的从句一般要用非延续性动词，主句用完18成时态。6(I didnt think he was to come back until tomorrow)考查知识：过去将来时7 (it has become undrinkable by now)考查知识：现在完成时8(will have found a satisfactory solution to the problem)考查知识：将来完成时9(television will replace the newspaper completely)考查知识：一般将来时10 (have been trying to keep up with the latest trends)考查知识：现在完成进行时11 (I havent finished reading the book yet)考查知识：现在完成时12(that I have heard her sing)考查知识： “It (This) is (will be ) the first (second, last) time that” 结构中的从句要求用现在完成时13(I have ever seen)考查知识： “It (This) is (will be ) the best(worst, most interesting) +名词+ that” 结构中的从句要求用现在完成时。十情态动词1 ( He might/ could have bought the car)考查知识：用“might/could + 不定式完成时”表示本来可能发生却没有发生，或者本来可能完成却没有完成的动作。2 (I might have finished the report last week)3(can not/ could not have received my letter)4( He must be still studying in the library) 考查知识：情态动词对于目前状况的猜测，用一般时态；对曾经发生过的动作的猜测，用完成时态。195(so I neednt have brought an umbrella with me)考查知识：“neednt have done sth” 表示“本不必要干”这样一种情态意义，也就是说，做了不必要做的事情，并表示过去时间。6(he shouldnt/ oughtnt to have gone to the cinema last night)“should/ ought to have done sth” 表示应该做的事没有做到，即“本应该” ；其否定形式表示“本不应该”7(I would have told you the truth)8(should have been more careful)十一.名词从句1( Whether it is true or false)“whether”引导名词从句，可以作主语，宾语，be 动词的表语。2(What she wanted to tell you)考查知识：主语从句3(That he was chosen)考查知识：主语从句4(That he survived the accident)考查知识：主语从句5 (whether she will come or not today) 考查知识：宾语从句6(whether we can get a ticket) 考查知识：表语从句7 (Whatever is worth doing) 考查知识：引导名词从句的关系代词有 who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever。它们在句中既起连接作用，同时又担当主语，宾语，定语，表语等成分。8(how we can finish the task on time)考查知识：关系副词 when, where, how, why 引导的从句在句中可以用作主语，宾语或表语。20十二. 定语从句1(which surprised us most)2 (leads them to expect things that never happen)3 (which resulted in his running away from home)考查知识：which 可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。4(he is one who doesnt fear anything)5(You may take whichever you like)“whichever”是复合关系代词，相当于 anything which.6(which will enable him to continue his education abroad)7(by means of which people communicate with each other)8(As a poet points out)考查知识：在非限制性定语从句中，as 作为关系代词代替整个句子。As引导的从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面、中间或后面。9(on which she spent 2,000 dollars)考查知识：定语从句中谓语动词的固定搭配介词，不能省略。该介词可以放在关系代词前，也可以放在句尾。十三.状语从句1( unless their demands are met by noon today) 考查知识：条件状语212( so polluted that fish can no longer live in) 考查知识：结果状语3(so that/so everybody could hear him) 考查知识：结果状语4(so that everybody might hear him) 考查知识：目的状语5(Though he is a good student/ Good student as he is) 考查知识：让步状语6(As long as you dont betray me) 考查知识：条件状语7(However hard you try) 考查知识： 让步状语。 “however”在此作副词连接词，相当于 no matter how。类似的还有，whatever=no matter what 等等。8(So /as long as we can make use of it properly) 考查知识：条件状语从句9(even if/ though they know it is harmful to both their mental and physical health) 考查知识：让步状语从句10(Although it may bring some unfavorable consequences) 考查知识：让步状语从句11(However difficult the task is/ No matter how difficult the task is) 考查知识：让步状语从句12 (Unless you return the dictionary to the library immediately)13(So precious is time) 14(Rich a