2材料科学基础英文版课件_(16)

Role of Materials Development in the Industrial DevelopmentShenhua Song(宋申华 )Department of Materials Science and EngineeringOutline Introduction Effect of materials development on the automotive industry Effect of materials development on the power generation industry Effect of materials development on the aeronautical industryMaterials are fundamentals of human being civilizationBronze Age2500 years agoStone Age5000 years agoIron AgeAfter BC 770The human being society develops in fighting the nature. Human can make and use tools, but animals can not. This is the main difference between human beings and animalsThe tools are made of materialsFirst Industrial Revolution The First Industrial Revolution began in England in the late 18th century, following in the wake of James Watt and his steam engine Steam engine ship Steam engine train Steam blast furnace in the metallurgical industry) Steam-related machines in the coal mine industry Steam hammer, steam lathe, etc. in mechanical industrySecond Industrial Revolution The Second Industrial Revolution began in the late 19th century, characterized by the following inventions Electricity generator (AC and DC) Motor (AC and DC) Electric light Wire communication (Telephone) Wireless communication (Telegram) Television Gas engine (Internal combustion engine)Third Industrial Revolution The Third Industrial Revolution began in the late 20th century, characterized by the following inventions Modern computer Information technology Nanotechnology Network Laser technology Modern aeronautical technology Space technology (Rocket, satellite, spaceship, etc.)Development of the industries which are closely related to our modern society, e.g., the automotive industry, the power industry, and the aeronautical industry, is mainly determined by the development of materialsResearch and development (R&D) of advanced materials is a measure of the progress in science and technology of a countryWaste gas emission from vehicles is one of the major air pollution sources in ShenzhenWaste gas emission due to power generation is also one of the major air pollution sources in ShenzhenEffect of materials development on the automotive industry Pollution consideration- 20% of pollution from vehicles in developed countries- reducing emission of waste gas by reducing consumption of fuels- lightening the vehicle2. Development of proper light materials to lighten the vehiclesDevelopment of high strength and creep-resistant magnesium (1.74 g/cm3) alloys to replace some aluminium (2.69 g/cm3) alloy or steel (7.8 g/cm3) componentsSkin and some engine parts may be made of these light materials to lighten the vehiclesCurrent situation: low quantity use because of the low reliability as well as cost consideration镁合金压铸结构件已成为镁最主要的应用领域镁合金压铸的快速增长主要是由欧美地区发达国家汽车工业面临汽车重量轻、耗油少、符合新的环保要求而促成的。此外 ,镁合金压铸件在汽车上的应用还可以改善汽车的结构和动力性能 ,也是目前汽车工业重视镁合金应用的原因之一。 Lightweight design measures in vehiclesSignificant requirements for vehicle componentsValue of lightweight design measuresPotential of Mg in drive train applicationsMagnesium gearbox housings (operation temperature 130oC)Magnesium crankcase (operation temperature 130oC)MRI153M alloy up to 150oCMRI230D alloy up to 200oCPossible body applicationsInstrument panel (Fiat Stilo)Instrument panel (BMW Mini)Mg bonnet (VW 3 l Lupo)Mg sheet applicationsMg bonnet after crash test (ODB - 64 km/h)Mg development in ChinaChinas raw magnesium output in 1990-2002In 2006: 522 kt2 times in 2002 我国目前在镁工业方面拥有三项 “ 世界冠军 ” 第一是镁资源大国，储量居世界首位 。在青海盐湖蕴藏着氯化镁 32亿吨，硫酸镁 16亿吨。在辽宁、山西、宁夏、内蒙古、河南等省、自治区菱镁矿均有很大储量，仅辽宁大石桥一带的储量就占世界菱镁矿的 60以上，矿石品位高达 40。第二是原镁生产大国 。 2003年我国共生产原镁 35.4万吨，约占全球总产量的 67 第三是出口大国 。年产量 80以上的镁出口到国际市场。 主要问题 ：原镁生产技术比较落后，质量不够稳定，镁锭中的夹杂物和有害元素含量超标，难以满足压铸、板材轧制和冲压等高端产品的生产需求；出口产品多数是廉价的纯镁锭，镁合金及其制品出口比重小，因此出口利润低。 Export (10000 tons) of Chinese magnesium in 1990-2002In 2003Export of Chinese magnesium: 298 ktincreased by 42.6% as compared with that in 2002including 53% raw Mg (75% in 2002), decreasing22% Mg alloys (14% in 2002), increasing20% Mg powder (18% in 2002), increasingRaw magnesium Magnesium productsExisting problemsHigh production cost for qualified Mg alloys and their productsFuture R&DFocusing on reducing production costs throughout the entire production and product development chainEffect of materials development on the power generation industry Thermal power generation Gas turbine power generation Nuclear power generation Thermal power generationTo reduce the consumption of fuels (coal, oil or natural gas) to reduce emission of waste gas such as CO2 and in turn to reduce the greenhouse effectAdvanced power stations with high efficiencies must be developed worldwide to reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissionAn increase in power generation