10.被动语态

Look at the following sentences and pay attention to the coloured words. 1. For each Olympics, a special village is built for them to live in, 2. Over time I have been changed quite a lot. 3. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. 4. Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors. 5. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. 6. The piano is being repaired by a friend of my fathers. 7. I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. 8. I realized that I had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown! 9. Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe. 10. Its a great responsibility but also a great honour to be chosen. 11. From Jamess face, I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us. Complete the following sentences. 1. Now we _ (not allow) to touch it. 2. Shortly afterwards, the police stopped the car and both men _ (arrest). 3. The fish, which has since been sent to a museum where it _ (examine) by a scientist, is called an oarfish. are not allowed were arrested is being examined 4. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament _ (build). 5. The 2016 Summer Olympics _ (hold) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 6. Six men _ (trap) in a mine for seventeen hours. 7. At the station, he was told by a smiling policeman that his bicycle _ _ (find). were being built will be held have been trapped had been found 8. He then asked when Mr. Gilbert _ _ (allow) to go home and the doctor told him that he would have to stay in hospital for another two weeks. 9. English began _ (speak) in many other countries. 10. _ badly _ (wound), the whale soon died. 11. Though the sound _ (hear) clearly, it took me a long time to react. would be allowed to be spoken Being wounded could be heard 上面这些题你做对了么？ 使用被动语态的情况 1. 我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执 行者是谁的时候 (这时不带 by引起的短语 )。 Printing was introduced to Europe from China. (省略了 by短语。 ) Look! There is nothing here. Everything has been taken away. (省略了 by短语。 ) 2. 当我们出于礼貌、措辞委婉等方面的 考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁时。 You are requested to give a performance. You are cordially (诚挚地 ) invited to a party to be given at the Teachers Club at 3 p.m. Nov. 23. 3. 当我们强调或兴趣在动作的承受者 时 (这时可带 by引起的短语 )。 The song was composed by a student. A good time was had by all. 被动语态由 be+过去分词构成， be随时 态的变化而变化。以 give为例，各种时 态的被动语态形式为： 一般现在时： am/is/are + given 【 例句 】 The first section of New College English is designed for speaking practice and is based on pictures and topics. 被动语态的构成 一般过去时： was/were + given 【 例句 】 These computers were made in our own country. 一般将来时： will/shall be + given 【 例句 】 Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony? 过去将来时： would be + given 【 例句 】 The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. 现在进行时： am/is/are being + given 【 例句 】 Trees are being planted over there by them. 过去进行时： was/were being + given 【 例句 】 The feast was being prepared when the birds arrived in the sky. 现在完成时： have/has been + given 【 例句 】 Swift progress has also been made in culture and education. 过去完成时： had been + given 【 例句 】 The huge bridge had been damaged before the World War II. 情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 This problem can be solved. 这问题可解决。 Whats done cannot be undone. 覆水难收。 不定式的被动形式有下列用法 : (1) 作主语 It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here. (2) 作宾语 She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang. 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示 的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要采 用被动形式。 (3) 构成复合宾语 He wanted the letter to be typed at once. She didnt like herself to be praised like that. (4) 构成复合谓语 The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room. (5) 作定语 Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers office? (6) 作状语 She was too young to be assigned such work. 当动词 -ing形式的逻辑主语是动作 的承受者时，就要用动词 -ing形式的被 动语态。 动词 -ing形式的被动语态和它的主 动语态一样，在句中可以作主语、宾语 、定语、状语。 动词 -ing形式的被动语态 1. Being killed by sharks in the sea is a common thing. 用作主语 1.He was afraid of being scolded by the teacher. 2. I remember having been told the story. 用作宾语 1.The problem being discussed now is very important. 2. The house being built will be our library upon its completion. 用作定语 1. Being asked to answer the question, she couldnt refuse. 2. Having been given such a good chance, how would you not value it at all? 用作 状 语 1. 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被 动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾 语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语 后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语 (指人 的宾语） 。 一些特殊的被动语态 They didnt offer Ann the job. Ann wasnt offered the job. 安未得到这份工作。 2. 在使役动词 have, make, get以及感官 动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时， 在主动结构中不定式 to要省略，但变为 被动结构时，要加 to。 They make her clean the floor. She is made to clean the floor by them. 3. It + be + 过去分词 + that从句 (=主语 + be + 过去分词 + to do sth.) 表示：据说 /据报道 /据悉 /据信等 据说这个男孩已经通过了这次全国性的 测试。 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. The boy is said to have passed the national exam. 4. be supposed to suppose vt. 推想 ; 假设 ; 猜想 supposed adj. 假定的 ; 推测的 ; 意图的 (1) 据说 (=be said to) Lets go and see that film. Its supposed to be very good. 我们一起去看那电影好吗 ? 人们都说它 不错。 (2) 计划、安排 Id better hurry. Its nearly 8 oclock. Im supposed to be meeting Tom at 8:15. 我要快些 了。现在差不多 8点钟了。 我 8点一刻要去接汤姆。 (3) be not supposed to 不允许 You are not supposed to park here. 这儿不允许停车。 5. 动词 get代替 be。 (get往往用在口语 中。 ) 酒馆里发生了打斗，幸好无人受伤。 There was a fight at the pub, but fortunately nobody got (=was) hurt. get + done 同 be + done 的区别： get done 往往表示行为不是计划之中， 而是意外发生的。 The dog got run over by a car. 狗被汽车辗死了。 1. 某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他的 动词可以表示被动意义。 cook, smell, taste, wash, write, shut, prove, sell, read, write 1. The dish tastes delicious. 2. The theory proved right at last. 3. The book is so interesting that it sells well. 不可以变成被动语态 The book is so interesting that it sells well. “sells”此处为不及物动词 “销售起来 ; 有销 路 ”的意思；作及物动词为 “卖 ; 出售 ” This kind of cloth washes well. (耐洗 ) 2.need + V- ing 表示 “主语承受动词 发出的动作 ”，表示被动意义。 我的车需要修理。 My car needs repairing. (= to be repaired) beg, equal, fail, hold, possess, fit， become, contain, cost, have, lack, resemble (相似 ), suit等。 This new English-Chinese dictionary cost me ten dollars. 3. 某些表示状态或者特征的及物动词 没有被动语态形式。这类动词常见的有： 战争爆发了。 可以说： The war broke out. 但不能说： The war was broke out. 4. 通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动 语态，不及物动词没有。 “be + 过去分词 ”这个结构并不都是被 动语态，也可能是系表结构。被动语态 与系表结构主要区别是： 被动结构表示 一个动作，而系表结构表示主语的特点 或所处的状态， 试比较下面的句子： 被动结构与系表结构的区别 被动结构 The enemy was soon surrounded by us. 系表结构 The house is surrounded by trees. 被动结构 She was bitten by the dog in the darkness. 系表结构 I was excited by the news that my husband got promoted. 在英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语 要多， 一般说来，当强调动作承受 者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的 执行者时，多用被动语态。 被动语态强调动作，系表结构强调 状态。 1. Knives _ (use) for cutting things. 2. The building _ (build) in 1987. 3. Nuclear energy _ (use) to produce electricity by us. 4. Several big modern power plants _ _ (build) in our city next year. 5. Your mistakes _ (correct) right now. 6. My bike _ (repair) by Tom now. . 用被动语态填空。 are used was built has been used will be built should be corrected is being repaired 7. Now the farmers are happy and our numbers are increasing. So good things