英语论文 浅谈中西饮食文化的差异.doc

论文写作指导、各类文案代写QQ625880526ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSHereandnow,Iwouldliketoextendmysincerethankstoallthosewhohavehelpedmemakethisthesispossibleandbetter.Firstly,Iamdeeplygratefultomyhonorablesupervisor,Gexiaoxia,whohascheckedthroughmythesiswithpatienceandgivenmeinstructivesuggestions.Withoutherenlighteninginstruction,impressivekindnessandpatience,Icouldnothavecompletedmythesis.Thenthanksgoestotheteachersandprofessorswhohavetaughtmeoverthepastyearofstudyandhavehelpedmetodevelopthefundamentalandessentialacademiccompetence.Finally,Iamverygratefultomylovelyfriendsandclassmateswhogivemevaluableadviceonmythesisanddiscussedwithmeaboutmythesis,especiallymyfivelovelyroommates.作者刘洋第ii页共iv页ABSTRACTDietisabsolutelynecessaryinthelifeofmankind,andevenintheexistenceordevelopment.BecauseofthedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternculturaltraditions,theChineseandwesterndietaryculturesaredifferentinconcept,target,pattern,attributionandnature.Westudythesedifferencesandthenfindoutthepointsthatcanbedigested,inordertofacilitatethecommunicationaboutculturesbetweenChinaandthewest.TaiwanProfessorZhangQijunsaid,“Theoldsaying,Eat,drink,man,womanwhowishesgreatly.Forsuchastandardfair,westernculture(inparticular,modernAmericanculture)canbesaidtobemaleandfemaleculture.ButtheChineseculturecanbesaidtobeadietaryculture.Asthereasonoftheculturaltraditions,thewesternlivestendtomenandwomen,butbecauseofthenarrowgenderrelations,Chinesepeoplearedumpingguidanceonlifeintherestaurants.Thusthedietisrichinculture.Foodcultureinthewestisnotdevelopedenough,butthisunderdevelopmentitselfistheresultofthedevelopmentofaculture,soitisstillsignificanttostudythedietaryculturesofChineseandWesterndiet.BytheanalysisofthedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesterndietarycultures,wecancomprehendtherespectiveculturaltraditionsofChinaandthewest.AndwecanalsoimproveandcreatethecultureofChina.Keywords：interculturalcommunication；fooddieteticculture；culturedifferences作者第iii页共iv页摘要饮食是人类生活、生存与发展的必需，可是由于中西方文化传统的差异，导致了中西方饮食文化在观念、对象、方式、归属与性质方面产生了差异，研究这些差异，找出可以融会贯通的地方，促进中西文化交流。台湾张起钧教授说过“古语说饮食男女人之大欲存焉。就这样的标准而论，西方文化（特别是近代美国式的文化）可说是男女文化，而中国可说是一种饮食文化。”由于文化传统的缘故，西方人的人生倾向男女关系，而中国人由于对男女关系的褊狭，把人生精力倾泄导向于饮食。由此赋予饮食以丰富的文化内涵，虽然饮食文化在西方不够发达，但这种不发达本身也是一种文化发展的结果，所以对中西饮食文化的比较仍有意义。通过对中西饮食文化差异的分析，我们可以了解中西方各自的文化传统；同时能对中国文化进行改善与创新。关键词：饮食文化；文化传统；差异作者刘洋第iv页共iv页CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.iABSTRACT.iiCONTENTS.ivIntroduction.1ChapterOneChineseandWesternFoodDieteticCulture.21.1CharacteristicsofChinesefooddieteticculture.21.2CharacteristicsoftheWesternfooddieteticculture.错误!未定义书签。ChapterTwoDifferencesintheperformanceofChineseandWesternFood.错误!未定义书签。2.1DifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterndietconcept.42.2DifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterndietobjects.错误!未定义书签。2.3DifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterndietmanner,tablewareandetiquette.62.4DifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterndietnature.6ChapterThreeReasonsforthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternfooddieteticculture.93.1Theimpactofthegeographicalenvironment.93.2Theimpactoftheeconomicsystem.9ChapterFourConclusion.11REFERENCES.12浅谈中西饮食文化差异作者刘洋第1页共12页IntroductionWiththedeepeningoftheinternationalcommunication,indifferentcountriesorculturalbackground,thecommunicationofpeopleareincreasingallthetime,andthecommunicationbetweenthemiscalledinterculturalcommunication.Interculturalcommunicationsgraduallybecomesanindispensablecontentofpeopleslife.Duetothedifferencesofregional,differentnationsandcountriesformdifferentcultures.Peoplewithdifferentculturalbackgroundsbehaviororhabitsisendlessandsame,theyhavetheirsocialstatuteorhabits,reflectedinthepoliticaleconomy,educationreligion,culture,artandsoon.AmericafamousnewlychemicalrepresentativefigureWhiteiscalled“fatherofculturology”,heputthecultureasakindofspecialandobjectivesocialphenomenon,andasacompletesystem(White,1949).Sospecially,whatisculture?ChenHuawenoncelistscasestoillustratetheconnotationandimportanceofculture；hesaid“cultureislikeairandwaterthatpermeateseverycornerofourlives,peopleareenjoyingthecultureachievementsthatwerecreatedbypredecessorsineverytime,also,peopleareinventingnewcultureineverymoment.Ourprogressistheresultoftheculturecreationanddeveloping.”(ChenHuawen,2001:2)Whenpeoplearecommunicatingunderthedifferentculturebackground,thelanguageandnon-languagefactorswhichinfluenceofmessageeffectaremakecommunicationhenculture.Ifforeignlanguagelearnersarelackofknowledgeforitsbehaviorandfunction,itwillappearinappropriatebehavior,resultinginthecommunicationbarriers,anditisdifficultforeffectivecross-culturalcommunication,asaresultcausesofcommunicationerror.Thedietisthefirstneedforhumanssurvivalanddevelopment；alsoitistheoneofthebasicformofsociallife.Howeverunderthedifferentculturalbackground,havingdifferentdietideaanddietcustom,thenfinallyformthedifferentdietculture.languagelearners,notonlyincreasetheunderstandingofthetargetlanguageculture,butalsoimprovethesuccessrateofinterculturalcommunication,avoidthemisunderstandingsandcommunicationbarriersjustbecauseoftheinappropriatewayorbehavior.InSunWeixuesbook,heoncepointedoutanycountryintheworldshouldcarryoutculturalexchangesandpublicityactively,thisisnotonlybenefittotheirnativeculture,butalsospreadthecultureinworldwide.(SunWeixue,2004)ThispaperexpoundedfromvariousofthedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternfooddieteticculture,enhancemutualunderstandingandfacilitatecommunication.浅谈中西饮食文化差异作者刘洋第2页共12页ChapteroneChineseandWesternFoodDieteticCulture1.1CharacteristicsofChinesefooddieteticcultureChinaisoneofthemostancientcountriesontheworld,ithasthelonghistoryof5000years,andcreatedinnumerablesplendidcivilization.Inthisculture,itmakesChinacontainmoreexpansiveandprofounddiet.Ithasexperiencedseveralthousandyearsofhistorydevelopment,andhasbecomeoneofthemostimportantChinesetraditionalculturesofdepartment.Becauseofthedistrictdifferenceinourland,itgraduallyformedfourmajorcuisinesthatisSichuancuisine,Guangdongcuisine,ShandongcuisineandChaozhoucuisine.Thisfourmajorcuisinehavedifferentfeatures,butincommoniswithmakingcomplexfastidious,theproductmethodsareverycomplex,andhaveagreatdiversityoftasteanddishes,thisisamazing.Becauseofourvastland,therearedifferencesinclimate,productsandcustomineveryplace.Foralongtime,onfoodwasformedmanyflavor.Ourcountryhasbeenhavethesayingof“southricenorthnoodles”,inthetaste,ithasthedifferencesthat“sourineast,hotinwest,sweetinsouthandsaltyinnorth,itmainlyhavefourflavoraboutBashu,Qilu,HaiyangnandYuemin.(ZouGuangwen,1998)Ontheotherhand,alltheyearround,accordingtoseasonforeatisafeatureinChinascooking.Sinceancienttimes,ourcountryhasbeenaccordingtoseasonchangestotaste,anddishes.Wintertastestrong,summerflavorcleaner；inthewintermorebraisedstews,summermorecold.Inthelong-termdevelopment,evolutionandaccumulationprocess,Chinesepeoplegraduallyformeditsownuniquefoodfolkfrommanyaspects,suchasdietstructure,foodproduction,foodutensils,nutritionhealthyanddietaesthetic,thiscreatedadietwithuniqueflavoroftheChinesefoodculture,becomeapearloftheworldfoodculture.1.2CharacteristicsoftheWesternfooddieteticcultureRationalwesternerspaymoreattentiontothenutritionandsurvival.DuetothedifferentphilosophicalthoughtsofChineseandwestern,westernersindiettakesthescience,takesthescienceaboutnutrition,sothenutritionisthesupremeprincipleinthewesterndiet.浅谈中西饮食文化差异作者刘洋第3页共12页Eatinglikeabiologicalmachineaddfuel,especiallyaboutthefoodsnutritioncomposition,protein,fat,carbohydrates,vitaminsandallkindsofinorganicelementcontent,(DangBinghua,2010)whethercaloriesupplyproperly,andwhetherthesenutrientscanbefullyabsorbed,andpresenceofothersideeffects,anddishescolor,