2009中考英语介词知识点精讲大全

2009 中考英语介词知识点精讲大全 I. 介词的概念 介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。 介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的 宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。 II. 牢记口诀 介词口诀：自从以当为按照，由于对于为了到；和跟把比在关于，除了同对向往朝； 用在名词代词前，修饰动形要记牢。 III. 介词归类大全 一、表示地理位置的介词： (1)at ,in, on, to at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在附近，旁边” in (1)表示在大地方; (2)表示“在范围之内”。 on 表示毗邻，接壤 to 表示在范围外，不强调是否接壤 例句：He arrived at the station at ten. He is sitting at the desk. He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. Jiangsu lies in the east of China. Russia lies on the north of China. Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province. (2)above, over, on 在上 above 指在上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below 相对； over 指垂直的上方,与 under 相对,但 over 与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。 on 表示某物体上面并与之接触。 例句：The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river. He put his watch on the desk. (3)below, under 在下面 under 表示在正下方 below 表示在下，不一定在正下方 例句 There is a cat under the table. Please write your name below the line. 二、表示时间的介词： (1)in , on，at 在时 in 表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、 晚等。 如：in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in the night, in ones life , in ones thirties 等。 on 表示具体某一天及某一天的早、中、晚。 如：on May 1st, on Monday, on New Years Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon 等。 at 表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。 如: at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of , at the age of , at Christmas， at night, at noon, at this moment 等。 注意：在 last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如：We meet every day. (2)in, after 在之后 “in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后； “after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后； “after+将来点时间”表示将来的某一时刻以后。 例句：My mother will come back in three or four days. He arrived after five months. She will appear after five oclock this afternoon. (3)from, since 自从 from 仅说明什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久； since 表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。 例句：He studied the piano from the age of three. They have lived here since 1978. (4)after, behind 在之后 after 主要用于表示时间； behind 主要用于表示位置。 例句：We shall leave after lunch. Lucy is hiding behind an old house. 三、表运动方向的介词： across, through 通过，穿过 across 表示横过,即从物体表面通过，与 on 有关； through 穿过,即从物体内部穿过，与 in 有关。 例句：She swam across the river. He walked through the forest. 四、表示“在之间”的介词： between, among between 指在两个人或两个事物之间； among 指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。 例句：There is a football match between Class One and Class Two on the playground. The teacher is standing among the students. 五、表示其他意义的介词： (1)on ,about 关于 on 表示这本书，这篇文章或演说是严肃的，或学术性的，可供专门研究这一问题的人 阅读； about 表示内容较为普通，不那么正式。 例句：There will be a lecture on economics this afternoon. He is writing a book on cooking. He told me a lot about his life in the summer vocation. (2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具 by 以方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具； with 表示用 工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段； in 表示用方式，用语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等； 例句：He makes a living by selling newspapers. He broke the window with a stone. The foreigner spoke to us in English. (3)except, besides 除了 except 除之外，不包括在内； besides 除之外，包括在内。 例句：Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去) Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了) 巩固练习： 1. Taiwan is _ the southeast of China.（in, on, to） 2. Go _ the bridge _ the river, youll find the shop.（across, through; over, above） 3. I go to school _7:30 every morning.（in, on, at） 4. He would like to meet her _8:00 and 9:00 tomorrow morning.（between, among ） 5. The Greens have lived in China _ three years.（in, for, after） 6. We go to school every day _ Saturday and Sunday.（except, besides） 7. He wrote the letter _ ink.（by, with ,in） 8. She returned to her country _five years.（in, after, for） 9. There is a big tree _ our classroom.（after, behind） 10. I usually go to work _ bike.（by, on, with） 其他其它常用介词 介词在英语词汇中所占比例很小，但它们的用法却非常灵活,复杂。下列为常用介词及 含义： I have bought a book about Shakespearean. 我买了一本有关莎士比亚的书。 There are about fifteen trees in the picture. 图片里大约有十五棵树。 above 在上,高出,以上,超过,在.上游. The plane is flying above the clouds. 飞机在云上飞行。 I think the man is above sixty years old. 我想那人有六十多岁了。 across 横过,对面,交*,在.的对面. Can you swim across the river？ 你能游过河吗？ We live across the street. 我们住在街的对面。 after 在.后面,依照. He went home after school. 他放学后就回家了。 Read after me, please. 请跟我朗读。 against 撞到，靠着,反对,违背, The car hit against the tree. 汽车撞了树。 He is standing against the wall. 他靠墙站着。 along 沿着,顺着. They are walking along the river. 他们沿着河行走。 among 在.当中. He is the tallest among them. 他是他们当中个子最高的。 around 在.的周围,在.那一边. They sat around the table talking the news. 他们绕桌而坐谈论新闻。 There is a drugstore around the corner. 拐角处有一家药店。 as 作为. He doesnt like people treat him as a child. 他不喜欢人们把他当小孩子对待。 He always gets up at six in the morning. 他时常早上六点钟起床。 He shot at the bird but missed it. 他向鸟射击，但是没射中。 The car goes at eighty miles an hour. 汽车以每小时八十公里的速度行驶。 before 在. 的前面( 位置),在.之前(时间) He took a picture before the car. 他在汽车前照了张照片。 He cant finish his work before supper. 晚饭前他完不成工作。 behind 在.的后面( 位置), 落后于，不如， 迟于,晚于 (时间) Are there any brooms behind the door. 门后有扫帚吗？ All of us are behind him in mathematics. 我们数学都不如他。 below 在.之下,低于, There are four lights below the ceiling. 天花板下面有四盏灯。 The murderer run away below the polices eyes. 杀人犯从警察眼皮底下跑了。 beside 在. 的旁边,在.之外,与.相比. He found the body beside the river. 他在河边发现了尸体。 Beside yours ， my computer is too slow. 与你的计算机速度相比，我的就慢多了。 besides 除.之外, We are all here besides Bowe. 除鲍外，我们也都来了。 between 在.两者之间, The relations between the two countries has improved since then. 两国的关系从那以后 得到了改善。 beyond 在.那边, The shop you are looking for is beyond the street, you cant miss it. 你要找的商店在街的那 边，你不会找不到的。 but 除去. He has nothing but money. 他除钱以外什么都没有。 by 被., 在.的近旁 , 在.之前, 不迟于, 以.为手段。 The classroom was cleaned by the students. 教室由学生们打扫干净了。 Miss Lucy came to China by air. 露西小姐是乘飞机来中国的。 down 沿着.望下。 She walked down the street. 她沿着街道走。 during 在.期间,在.时候。 During the holiday, we went to the south. 我们假期去了南方。 except 除 .之外。 He knows nothing except English. 他除英语以外什么都不知道。 for 为., 因为., 至于. 。 He works for this company. 他为这家公司工作。 She came back to the classroom for she had left her books in the classroom. 她返回到教室 是因为把书留在了那里。 from 从., 来自., 因为.。 Where are you from? 你是哪里人？ He died from an accident. 他死于一场事故。 in 在., 在.之内，从事于 ., 按照., 穿着.。 He was born in 1992. 他生于 1992 年。 I could finish the program in two weeks. 我可以用两周时间完成这个项目。 He spend less time in reading. 他读书时间很少。 The man in black jacket is our teacher. 穿黑夹克的那个人是我们的老师。 like 象.，如同 .。 The twins are like their father. 双胞胎像他们的父亲。 near 靠近。 There are some flowers near the house. 房子附近有一些花。 of .的，属于.。 This is a map of China. 这是一张中国地图。 off 离开.，在.之外。 The young man got off the train quickly. 那个年青人很快下了火车。 I live in a village a little way off the main road. 我住在离大路不远的一个村庄里。 on 在.之上。 My book is on the table. 我的书在桌子上。 out of 从.出来，在.之外。 The dog run out of the house. 狗从房子里跑出来。 outside . 外边. They are waiting outside the gate. 他们在门外等着。 over 在.之上，遍于.之上，越过.。 There is a light over the desk. 桌子上方有盏灯。 He is over sixty years old. 他有六十多岁。 past 越过.，过.，超越.。 The students walked past the post office. 学生们走过了邮局。 It is ten past two. 现在是两点十分。 round 围着.，绕过.，在 .周围。 We sat round the table. 我们围着桌子坐下。 The earth goes round the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 since 自. 以后，自.以来。 He has made great progress in English since he came into the college. 从他来到大学后，他 的英语有了很大进步。 through 经过.，穿过.。 They went through the forest. 他们穿过了森林。 throughout 遍及.，在各处。 The police searched for the criminal throughout the mountain. 警察搜山寻找犯人。 till 直到.，在.以前。 He didnt come back till eleven oclock. 他直到十一点钟才回来。 Well be home till six. 六点以前我们都会在家。 to 到.，向.，趋于。 How long is it from here to the station？ 从这儿到车站有多远？ under 在.之下，低于。 There are some footballs under the bed. 床底下有几颗足球。 These students are under seventeen years old. 这些学生们不到十七岁。 until 直到，在.以前， Please wait for us until we come back. 请等着我们回来。 It was not until last week that I handed in mathematics paper. 直到上周，我才交了数学 论文。 up 在.上面，在.上。 He went up the stairs. 他上了楼梯。 Its not polite to look down upon him. 蔑视他是不礼貌的。 within 在.之内。 You must finish the work within two weeks. 你必须两周内完成这项工作。 without 没有，不，在.之外。 We cant do it better without your help. 没有你的帮助，我们就做不好。 We couldnt live withoutair and water. 没有空气和水，我们就不可能生存。 根据试题统计，动词语法占语法考题中的 50%左右，其内容主要包括动词的时态、语态、 要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心 问题。现将各考点分别归纳如下。 1. 一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有 often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 He usually goes to work at 7 o%26rsquo;clock every morning. She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如： I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时，常用的引导词有： 时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment / minute / day / year 条件：if, unless, provided If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：在 make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter 宾语从句中，从句用一般 现在时代替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I don%26rsquo;t mind when he finishes the experiment. 只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 考点四：在 the more%26hellip; the more %26hellip; (越%26hellip; 越%26hellip;) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2. 现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动；与频率副词，如 always， constantly，continually，again 等连用，表示说话人的某种感情色彩( 赞叹、厌烦、 埋怨等)。 We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。 Look out when you are crossing the street. Dont wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二： 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作(这时多有表示将来的时间状语) 。 Marry is leaving on Friday. 3. 现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存 在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语。 考点一：for + 时间段； since + 时间点 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. I have learned English for ten years. 考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately, recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days Has it stopped raining yet? 考点三：在表示%26ldquo;最近几世纪/年/ 月以来%26hellip;%26hellip;%26rdquo;时间状 语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。 in the past few years/months/weeks/days, over the past few years, during the last three months, for the last few centuries, through centuries, throughout history 等 In the past 30 years China has made great advances in socialist construction. 考点四：表示%26ldquo;第几次做某事，%26rdquo;或在 %26ldquo;It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词that%26rdquo; 后面用现在完成时。 This is my first time that I have visited China. That is the only book that he has written. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. 4.一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响， 只说明过去。常与明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1945, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when。 考点一：used to + do 表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to 为不定式符号， 后接动词原形。 比较：be / become / get used to + doing 表示习惯于 He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。 He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work. He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help. What were you doing at nine last night? The radio was being repaired when you called me. 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在%26ldquo;过去的 过去%26rdquo;，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用。 There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000. By the end of last term we had finished the book. They finished earlier than we had expected. 考点一：用于 hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从 句用一般过去时。 I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me. I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow. No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. (注意倒装) 考点二：表示%26ldquo;第几次做某事%26rdquo;，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。 That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather. 考点三：动词 hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时，表示 未实现的愿望、打算和意图。 I had hoped that I could do the job. I had intended to see you but I was too busy. 7. 一般将来时 表示在将来某个时间发生的动作或情况。常和 tomorrow, next year, in 2008 等表示将来 的时间状语连用，其表现形式多达 5 种。 考点一：一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中。 We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes. (主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。) 考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如 arrive, come, go, leave, start 等，用现在进行时 形式表示将来。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 考点三：%26ldquo;祈使句 + and / or + 句子%26rdquo;，这种结构中 and 后面的句子谓 语用一般将来时。 Use your head and you will find a way. 考点四：%26ldquo;be going to + 动词原形%26rdquo;，表示打算要做的事或可能要发 生的事。 %26ldquo;be about to + 动词原形%26rdquo;表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的 动作。 %26ldquo;be to + 动词原形%26rdquo;表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。 They are to be married in May. 8. 将来进行时 表示将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。 I%26rsquo;ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。