14j2q3j翻译考试范围(期中和期末)

14j2q3j 本学期（含期中和期末）翻译考试范围 1. 压岁钱(lucky money)是中国春节习俗中不可缺少的一项元素，是每个孩子过年时都热 切期盼的礼物。除夕夜，家中的长辈会给予未成年的孩子一定数额的钱，称之为“压 岁钱” ，据说压岁钱可以使孩子平平安安地度过新的一年。在中国，给压岁钱的风俗源 远流长，流传至今。它是长辈送给孩子的护身符(amulet)，代表着长辈对孩子的美好祝 福，可以保佑孩子在新的一年里健康吉利。 As an indispensable element of the Spring Festival customs in China, lucky money is a gift that every kid eagerly looks forward to during the Spring Festival. On Chinese New Years Eve, the underage kids can receive a certain sum of cash from the elders in their family, which is called “lucky money”. It is believed that lucky money can bless the kids to have a safe and peaceful new year. The custom of giving lucky money has a long history and spreads up to now in China. It is an amulet the elders give their kids, representing the elders fine wishes for the kids and blessing them with health and good fortune in the New Year. 2. 对联(Chinese couplet)也叫“对子” ，由两句形式相通、内容相连的语句组成。第一部 分称作“上联” ，贴在右侧，第二部分，即“下联”则贴在左侧。两行字不仅字数要一 致，而且相同位置上的字必须对仗工整(antithetic in form)，平仄协调(harmonious in tone)。按用途不同，对联可以分为很多种，在新年贴的对联也叫“春联” ，表达了人 们美好祝福与愿望，也为新年增添了节日气氛。 The Chinese couplet is also called “Duizi”. It consists of two sentences which are identical in form and interrelated in meaning. The first line is called “upper couplet”, which is put up or hung on the right side, and the other is called “lower couplet” which is placed on the left side. Not only are the two lines required to have an equal number of characters, the words stand in the same position in each of the two sentences must be antithetic in form and harmonious in tone. For different purposes, there are different couplets. The couplet for the Spring Festival is called “Chunlian”, which conveys the blessing and good wishes of the people and enhances the festive atmosphere of the New Year, too. 3. 灯谜(lantern riddles)是指写在彩灯上面的谜语。灯谜一般有三部分组成，即谜面、谜目 (hint)和谜底。在灯谜中凡是谜面上有的字，在谜底中不能再出现。灯谜里充满着智慧， 因此猜谜底显得很有趣，这也使得猜灯谜成为元宵节的一项不可缺少的活动。灯谜在 中国源远流长，可以毫不夸张地说，灯谜体现着中国人民无穷的智慧。 Lantern riddles are riddles that are written on the lanterns. Generally, a lantern riddle consists of three parts, namely the riddle, the hint and the answer. Any character that appears in the riddle cannot be in the answer again. Lantern riddles are full of wisdom, thus working out them can be much fun, which makes guessing riddles an essential part of the activities in the Lantern Festival. The lantern riddle has a long history in China, and it is no exaggeration to say that it is a reflection of infinite wisdom of the Chinese people. 4. 端午节 端午节(Dragon Boat Festival)是中国的传统节日之一，为每年农历五月初五。它与春节、 清明节和中秋节并成为中国汉族的四大传统节日。端午节的来源有多种说法，但最被人们 接受的是为了纪念著名爱国诗人屈原。这一天的习俗有吃粽子、赛龙舟、喝雄黄酒(realgar wine)等。从 2008 年期，端午节正式列入国家法定继而，这既有助于弘扬传统文化，又能 适应人们的需要。 Dragon Boat Festival is one of Chinese traditional festivals. Its on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. It is known as one of the four major traditional festivals of Han Chinese together with the Spring Festival, the Qingming Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival. A number of theories exist about its origins, but the best accepted one is that its for memorizing the famous patriotic poet Qu Yuan. On this day, people have the customs of eating zongzi (rice dumpling), racing dragon boats and drinking realgar wine, etc. In 2008, it was recognized as a public holiday in mainland China for the first time which cannot only help spread this traditional culture but also meet the need of people. 5. 中秋节 每年的农历八月十五为中秋节，是月亮在一年中最圆、最亮的一天。中秋节的历史非 常悠久。自古以来，历代皇帝都遵循着春季祭日、秋季祭月的传统。到唐代，中秋节开始 作为固定节日；宋朝时，这一节日更为盛行。到明清，中秋节已成为一个与春节、清明节 和端午节并列的重大节日。在中秋节这天，人们会在月下观赏祭拜，寄托个人情怀。 The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, when the moon is the fullest and brightest of the whole year. This festival has a very long history. In ancient China, emperors followed the tradition of offering sacrifices to the sun in spring and to the moon in autumn. By the Tang Dynasty, the Mid-Autumn Festival had been fixed as a holiday, which became even grander in the Song Dynasty. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it grew to be a major festival of China together with the Spring Festival, the Qingming Fetival and Dragon Boat Festival. On this day, people enjoy the full, bright moon, worship it and express their thoughts and feelings in the moonlight. 6. 功夫 “功夫(Kungfu)”是对中国武术（martial art）的通俗叫法。中国功夫不是单纯的拳脚格斗， 而是中华民族传统文化的体现，是独一无二的“武文化” 。中国功夫因其悠久的历史、丰富 的内涵（connotation）以及浓厚的神秘色彩而越来越为中外所瞩目。中国功夫在世界上的 影响日渐广泛，不仅出现了大量中国功夫的中外影视作品，更有越来越多的外国人开始喜 爱并学习中国功夫。 Kungfu Kungfu is a common name for Chinese martial art. While Kungfu does not simply refer to fighting using hands and feet, it is the embodiment of the Chinese traditional culture and the unique “martial art culture”. Kungfu is drawing more and more attention at home and abroad for its long history, rich connotation and deep mysterious color. Kungfus influence in the world is increasingly widespread. There are a large number of Chinese and foreign films on the theme of Kungfu, and more and more foreigners begin to love and learn Kungfu. 7. 中医 中医(traditional Chinese Medicine)有五千多年的历史， 是中国古代劳动人民几千年来对抗 疾病的经验总结。中医将人体堪称是气、形、神的统一体，以“望、闻(auscultation and olfaction)、问、切”为其独特的诊断过程。中医使用中药、针灸(acupuncture) 以及许多其他 治疗手段，使人体达到阴阳调和。阴阳和五行是中医的理论基础。五行石自然界中的五种 基本物质，即金、木、水、火、土。 传统中医的四种诊断方法：望闻问切。The four traditional methods of diagnosis: observation, listening, interrogation, and pulse-taking Traditional Chinese Medicine Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) has a long history or more than 5,000 years. It is a summary of the experience of the working people over many centuries of struggle against diseases. TCM considers human body as a unity of QI, XING and SHEN. The diagnostic process of TCM distinguishes itself by “observation, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry and pulse diagnosis”. TCM uses traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture and many other treatment means to make human body be harmony between YIN and YANG. The concepts of YIN and YANG and WU XING laid a theoretical foundation for TCM. WU XING refers to five basic substances in the nature, that is, metal, wood, water, fire, and earth. 8. 唐诗 唐诗(Tang poetry)泛指创作于唐代（ 618 年-907 年）的诗。唐诗诗汉族最珍贵的文化遗产之 一，同时也对周边民族和国家的文化发展产生了很大影响。唐诗中流传最广的当属收录在 唐诗三百首(Three Hundred Poems of the Tang Dynasty)中的诗歌，里面收录的许多诗篇 都