201203高一第二课堂材料2

when = and at that time 当时，突然 连接并列分句，强调另一个动作的突然发生 I was sailing along the river when I heard a drowning boy crying for help. I was about to leave when it began to rain. 我正准备离开，这时候天突然下起了雨。 I had just locked the door when I realized I had left my key on the kitchen table. 百思P38 * it 作形式宾语 百思P54 当不定式、从句、动名词作宾语且其后有宾补时，必 须用形式宾语 it He found it difficult to finish his work. I think it no use talking to him. We make it a rule that we must not chat in class. 特殊情况其后没有宾补 I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. I would appreciate it if you could help me paint the house. You may depend on it that he will join our club. * The Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气 I. 虚拟语气在非真实条件句的用法 1.表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下： 条件从句 主句 动词过去式(be 的 过去式一般用 were) would/should/could/might+ 动词原形 If I were you, I wouldnt do that. We would go with you if we had time. We could ask him if he were here. If I knew his telephone number, I would ring him up. 2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下： 条件从句 主 句 had+过去分词 would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词 If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. If you had come earlier, you would have met him. I would have called you if I had known your telephone number. 3.表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气： 条件从句 主 句 动词过去式 或 should + 动词原形 或 were to + 动词原形 would/should/could/might + 动词原形 If it should rain, the crops would be saved. If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out. 4.混合条件的虚拟语气： 1) If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 2) If he had taken the medicine this morning, he could be better this evening. 3) Im afraid I will fail in tomorrows exam. If I had not been ill last week, I could pass it. 5.如果条件从句含有 were, should, had，有时可以把 if 省掉，而把 were, should 或 had 放在主语前，即用倒 装句。 1) Should it rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. 2) Were they here now, they would help us. 3) Had you come here five minutes earlier, you might have seen the famous writer. 6. 虚拟语气有时可不用条件句，而用 without 短语、but for 短语或 otherwise 等来表示。 1) Without the sun, there would be no living things on the earth. =If there were no sun, 2) You would not be free without me. = if it had not been for me. 3) Without your help, we would not have finished the work. = If we had not had your help, 4) But for your help, I would not have made such great progress. = If I had not had your help, 5) They found us in the forest. Otherwise, we would have died. II. Wish 后的宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法： 1) I wish I knew the answer. (But I dont know the answer.) 2) I wish I had known the answer. (But I didnt.) 3) I wish he could come tomorrow. (But he wont be able to.) III. 要求宾语从句中使用虚拟语气的动词 表示建议(suggest, propose)，要求(request, require, demand, ask)，命令(order)，劝告(advise)，坚持(要做) (insist)等动词后的宾语从句要用 should +动词原形， should 常省略。： 1) He suggested that we (should) put the meeting off. 2) It was suggested that we (should) put the meeting off. 3) I propose we (should) hold an English evening next week. 4) We request our leaders (should) listen to our opinions. 5) The law requires everyone (should) have his car checked at least once a year. 6) He asked that the message (should) be taken to Mr. Li as fast as possible. 7) The Emperor ordered that the cloth (should) be woven for him at once. 8) I advise that you (should) not do it in this way. 9) We all insisted she (should) go to the meeting instead of Mr. White. VI. 其它要求使用虚拟语气的情况： 1. 在 Its necessary(important, strange, natural, a pity) that和 Its suggested(proposed, required, ordered, etc.) that 的句型中，that 引导的主语从句的谓语动词常用 “should + 动词原形” 。 It is necessary that everybody should take part in the activity. 2. 由 as if (as though)引导的状语从句，如果与事实相反， 则跟非真实条件句一样，时态倒退一步。 1) Grandma often signs with us as if she were a little girl. 2) He acts as if he were my boss. 3) He walked as though he had broken one of his legs. 3. Its (high) time sb. did sth. “(早)该做某事了。 ” 1) Its time we started 2) Its time we went home. 我们该回家了。 3) Its time he were at the meeting. 他该到会了。 （注：有人认为从句中还可用 should+动词原形，因此做题时要灵活应对。 ） 4. If only “但愿” (用法跟 wish 的宾语从句一样) If only I could help you! 5. I would rather you did it. I would rather you had come yesterday. * Inversion 倒装 I完全倒装句 在以方位副词或介词短语(如 here, there 或 out, in, down, away, in front of 等，有时包括 now, then)开头的句子里， 主谓要全部倒装。如： Here comes the bus. There goes the bell. Out rushed the tiger. In came Mr Baker. Down poured the rain. Away went the boy. Now is your turn. Then came a scream of joy. 但主语是人称代词时，主谓不用倒装，如： Here it is. Here you are. There he comes. Away they went. II部分倒装句 1.否定词(never, little, seldom, hardly, not, not only, not until, no sooner, in no way, in no case 等)开头的句子 (修饰主语时除外) ，only 放句首修饰状语时，主谓要 部分倒装。倒装的方式与一般疑问句相同。如： Never have I met a Chinese like him in my life. Little does she care for fame or gain. Seldom does he think of the danger he is in. Hardly had the robbers stepped into the bank when they were caught. No sooner had she put down the receiver than the telephone rang again. Not only did he work hard himself, but also he got others interested in the work. Not a single word did he say at the meeting. Not until he told me did I know what had happened. In no way can they leave freely. Nowhere can you find a better place. Only then did I realize I was wrong. Only in this way can you improve your English. 2. so, neither, nor 放在句子的开头，表示前面所说的情 况也适合另一个人(或另一件事) 时。 Marx knew several languages. So did Engels. Matter is always changing. So is the world. You have never seen a dinosaur. Neither/Nor have I. 如果表示“(某人、物)确实是这样或确实做了”时，主谓语序不倒装： - You look ill. - So I am. - She did a good job. - So she did. 3. 在省略 if 的虚拟语气条件状语从句中 这类句子中有 were, had, should 等词时，把 were, had 或 should 置于句首。 Were there no air or water, there would be no life in the world. Had you been more careful, such spelling mistakes might have been avoided. 4. 在 so that 句型中， so 放句首时，要用倒装： So tired was John that he could not walk on. So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself. 5. 在 as 引导的让步状语从句中，一般将形容词、副词 或名词等置于句首。 Young as he is, he knows a lot. Child as he is, he knows a lot. Much as he tried, he failed. Try as he would, he might fail again. 6. 在表示祝愿的句子中 Long live the Peoples Republic of China! May you succeed! May you all be happy! * before 还没来得及 就 The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby. 他还没有来得及冲进房间把孩子救出来，房顶就塌了。 He ran off before I could stop him. 我还没来得及阻止他，他已经跑走了。 To my great disappointment, my favorite singer left the concert before I could have a word with her. 使我非常失望的是，我还没有来得及和我最喜欢的歌手 打声招呼，她就已经离开了。 过了多久才 ，动作进行到什么程度才 They walked about thirty miles to the west before they saw a village. 他们西行 30 英里才看见一个村庄。 They worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal. 他们日夜不停地连续工作了 3