初中完型讲义【宁波】

初中完型讲义 对接中考，加强学生的两项基本能力，重点讲解完型的应试技巧。 学生面对完形填空的几个问题。 1、什么是完型？ 完型考试的考点和命题规律； 2、怎么看懂完型的文章？ 做完型同时也是做阅读。 文章主旨怎么把握。 文章主旨对于解题有什么帮助 3、怎么选对答案？ 选项不理解； 怎么选出答案？ 怎么检查？ 4、平时怎么复习？ 根据学生的问题我们主要讲授以下内容 第一讲：解密完型填空介绍完型规律 第二讲：寻找完型线索两大完型原则介绍与运用 第三讲：摸清完型门径解题步骤及文章内容的套路与框架 第四讲：完型实操与讲解课程检测 第一讲：解密完型填空 1、什么是完形填空 在一篇表达完整、意义连贯的文章中，挖去一些词语，要求根据整个文章的内容、组织结 构和语言特点，综合运用所学知识，从备选项中选出一个正确答案。 2、检测原因： 人类对于熟悉的事物有自觉补全的能力。 所以学生在平时训练的过程中要提高两项能力： 1、单词、词组和篇章的理解能力。 2、应试技巧。 3、完型填空的三大考点即三大题型； 1、单词/词组：意义。 例 1.2010/44. A.diary B.note C.song D.story 例 2.2009/37. A. any B. all C. both D. neither 例 3.2009/38.A. looked out B. worked out C. took out D. got out 各个选项之间意义不太相近，因而难度系数不高。只要记住这个单词和词组就可以了。 2、搭配：动词和介词、动词和宾语的搭配以及固定搭配的补全。 有些题是能直接根据选项做出来的。 例 4.2007.Then she looked into his 39 . 39. A. face B. foot C. eyes D. Leg 例 5.2006.I married and had a family _46_ my own. 46. A. at B. with C. of D. For 例 6.2010.河南 He went home, had a good meal and _43_ into a sound sleep. A.fell B.looked C.turned D.walked 理解各个选项和空格前后所成搭配的意思，然后根据文章或句子的意思进行选择。 例 6.2009James 45 up from his seat to drink a toast (举杯祝酒) to his dear 46 He said. 45. A. picked B. turned C. looked D. Stood 例 7.2006.Mum, Im so _49_ of what you did for Grandpa. What he left behind sparkled（闪烁）in my daughters eyes-pride. 49. Afraid B. Tired C. full D. proud 3、推理。推理题是完型填空中最重要的题型。做完型最重要的是能根据文章和句意进行推 理得出答案。在完型填空中主要有如下三种推理。 句内推理。通过本句就能获得答案。 例 8.2009.Two of the children loved 36 very much, but the family was so poor that it was impossible to send 37 of them to study at the art college at the same time. 37.A. any B. all C. both D. Neither 例 9.2008.She buried(埋藏) her head 46 the quilt and cried. 46.A. under B. on C. before D. Beside 句间推理。相隔较近的句子获得答案。往往在三句以内就有答案出现。 例 10.2010.In fact, she_36_ nobody except her boyfriend.She used to tell her boyfriend,“If I could see the _38_, I would marry you.“（下一句） 36.A.forgort B.loved C.disliked D.thanked 例 11.2008.Susan had long blonde hair and big blue eyes. So did most of the other _36_ in her school class.“I look like everyone else! Im not special!“（下一句） 36.A.children B.boys C.men D. Women 例 12.2008.You are unique( 独一无二) and special. 47 in the world looks just like you.（上一句） 47.A. Everybody B. Somebody C. Nobody D. Anybody 语篇推理。在整个语篇中推理得出。 例 13.2009.he would support the other brother studying at the 41 . 41. A.home B.mine C.college D.school 出：the family was so poor that it was impossible to send 37 of them to study at the art college at the same time.（上文） 例 14.2008.She took ink( 墨水) and poured it all over her 40 . 40.A. neck B. nose C. eyes D. hair 出：Susan 44 the ink out of her hair and clean her neck. （下文） 补：较少出现语法题。 三、完型填空为何简单？ 1、单词和搭配。 单词误区： 考近义辨析。 选项与选项之间意义区别较大。 考难词。 考的基本都是此表中的黑体单词和词组，常用常考。 如何在短时间内突破这些常考词汇？ 背诵！背诵！ - 背诵历年真题。常考词汇复现率高。 【考前】 - 背诵课文。教材是命题的主要依据之一。 【平时】 在考前背诵两者，能在短时间内突破常考词汇，并提高语感。 2、推理题： 词句复现原则。文章内容复现率高。 【第二讲】 例 15.2008.Nobody noticed that, _39_. 39. A. too B. either C. also D. Neither 出：Nobody laughs like you, either. 例 16.2008.One morning her 43 went to wake her up and told her to get ready for school. 43. A. father B. mother C. sister D. brother 出：“Susan,“ her mother said, “you are different. 逻辑推理原则。 英语文章往往逻辑严谨，上文与下文存在严密的逻辑关系。比如逻辑 关系词众多，代词指代，定语从句等等。做题时我们要留心这些信息词（逻辑连接词、代 词、定语从句的关系词关系代词/关系副词） 例 17.2010.In fact, she_36_(loved)nobody except her boyfriend, for he was always_37_ to help her. A.ready B.unhappy C.angry D.sad 因果关系 例 18.2008. 41 no matter what she did, she still didnt get any 42 . 42. A. attention B. help C. prize D. answer 本身考逻辑关系 第二讲 寻找完形填空的线索 4、词句复现原则； 近 50%的重复信息。 【能力练习】2008 年中考真题：寻找 special Susan had long blonde hair and big blue eyes. So did most of the other children in her school class, which troubled her a lot. “I look like everyone else! Im not special! Im boring!“ Susan complained to her mother. She decided to try to make herself look different. She painted big pink spots on her neck and when she didnt get attention, she stuck a long plastic nose on top of her real nose. Nobody noticed that, either. She took ink( 墨水 ) and poured it all over her neck. She wore clown(小丑)clothes to school and stuck leaves in her ears. But no matter what she did, she still didnt get any attention and nobody thought she was special. One morning her mother went to wake her up and told her to get ready for school. She made Susan wash the ink out of her hair and clean her neck. “Im not going to school today! Im boring!“ She buried(埋藏) her head under the quilt and cried. “Susan,“ her mother said, “you are different. You are unique( 独一无二) and special. Nobody in the world looks just like you. Some people have blonde hair like you and some have blue eyes like you, but none of them has your smile or the twinkle in your eyes or your pink face. Nobody laughs like you, either. Now get up and get ready for school. “ Susan went to school that day and looked at all the other kids in her class. “ Mom was right. Nobody looks just like me. “ Susan smiled. “ I am special. I am unique and I am not boring!“ - 原形复现； 例 15；例 16； 例 17:2010.He asked her,“Now that you can see the world, will you _41_ me?“ 41.A.follow B.love C.marry D.see 出：She used to tell her boyfriend,“If I could see the _38_, I would marry you.“ 例 19.2010.河南 He also _44_digging a canal to his field. 44.A.stopped B.loved C.forgot D.started 出：He started digging a canal to his field. - 近义复现； 例：sad-unhappy-angry See-look at Hear-listen Mother/father-parent new house - _ holiday there 例 20：2007.To 50 a champion fighting back is a wonderful thing to watch. 50. A. look B. hear C. know D. See 近义复现在初中较少出现，但是作为各种完型题型的重点，也需引起重视。 - 关联复现；重点。 Food-taste-eat-meal Parents-child Marriage-love-wife a warm bottle, songs, gentle rocking. Nothing would make him go to sleep. Guessing that I had a long 37 ahead of me, I brought a portable TV into his room, thinking that watching the late movie was the best way to kill off the 38 until early morning. To my 39 , as soon as the TV lit up, the baby 40 right now and his little eyes were fixed brightly on the screen. Not to waste a chance for 41, I then walked out of the room quietly, 42 him to watch Mickey Mouse. My wife and I heard 43 of the baby that night, and the next morning when I went into his room, I 44 him still watching TV himself. I found something for us to think over in my babys behavior (行为). My wife and I had given him some books to examine, 45 he took no notice of them. When we_46 to him, he did not feel 47 . And so it is in the schools. We find that our students dont read and they look down upon reading and scold (责备) those of us who teach it. All they want to do is watching TV. After this experience with the 48, however, I have reached a conclusion(结论) , “Let them watch it! If television is much m