The Basketball Industry 篮球产业 英语论文.doc

16the basketball industry by from foreign department ofchengdu sport universityunder the supervision of mr. guonov.9 2010contentsintroduction31.the origine of basketball industry41.1the invention of the basketball41.2 the early development of the basketball52. development of basketball industry62.1international basketball federation fiba62.2 the american basketball league abl62.3 national basketball association nba72.4 the chinese university basketball cuba72.5 national basketball league nbl72.6 dream team73.the application in china83.1 the general situation83.2 quick facts93.3 television and radio93.4 nba players93.5 games104. application in the usa104.1 the general situation104.2 the success of nba115. analysis and contrast between above two countries125.1 nbas operation system125.2 cba cultural atmosphere125.3 the conclusion136 conclusion136.1experience of american basketball industry136.1.1 relationship between ownership and professional136.1.2 highlight the subjectivity of the operation146.2 some improvement and suggestions14acknowledgements14work cited16the basketball industry abstract with the development of the basketball movement, problems have been arisen, for example, the fund sources of basketball clubs. in order to solve these problems, we need to absorb some advanced experience from foreign countries as we explore our own unique chinese way. under such background, this essay comes out.the article trace back to the origin of basketball, then evolves to the early development, focus on the application in different countries, and reason out the fundamental difference of different basketball industry development.in the last part of the essay, the conclusion, we also exert some suggestion to improve the chinese basketball industry. key words problem, basketball industry, suggestionintroductionthis essay mainly focus on the basketball industry, starting from the very first beginning of the basketballs origin, to the early development, then the localization in different countries, such as china and american, which is also our focus. by putting them together, we can easily come to the line of the differences lying in those two countries, then we continue to find out the base reason in order to abstract the best way to improve the situation of chinese basketball industry.nowadays, basketball has becomed a popular worldwide activity. only in china, you can find a lot of kids who are playing basketball in streets, in the playground. and the china also saw its basketball grew rapidly in this few years. the incoming problem is how to control it, lead it in a healthy way.compared to america, a lot of problems have rinsed in china, the biggest one is how to solve the fund sources of basketball clubs. maybe the highly success of american basketball can bring some fresh air to us.1.the origine of basketball industry1.1the invention of the basketball being an sport that dominated america, basketball would probably be considered as a prime label of american culture. one is prompted to think it mustve been originated from the united states. well, it is true - somewhat. it was originated from springfield, massachusetts. but it was invented by a canadian!basketball is a very popular sport, comprising of two teams. each of the teams has five members and competes against each other for scoring points, by passing the ball through a 10 feet 3 mhigh hoop. the team with the maximum points, at the end of the game, wins. talking about the origin of basketball, the game came into being as far back as the year 1891. since then, it has evolved to consist of common techniques of shooting, passing and dribbling. basketball was invented by dr. james nesmith in 1891. the physical-education professor of the ymca international training school at springfield, massachusetts, needed to make a fun indoor sport to keep students fit during winter. few people know that nesmith took the games rules from duck on a rock, a medieval kids game involving a stone dragon and a tree stump.(vanguard,2010) as the above, james nesmiths basketball, its origins appeared in print in 1941 under the suspires of the young mens christian associationymca,in celebration of the birth of basketball fifty years earlier.unfortunately,1941 was a bad year for birthday parties. as nazi germany intensified its air attack and tightened a sea blockade of britain, destructive forces stalked the earth. boasting quick victories in yugoslavia, greece, and greet, german troops invaded the soviet union and general edwin romes africa corps assaulted libya. all the while, german submarines engaged in a search-and-destroy mission against supplies being shipped from north america. finally, the united states officially entered the war after a surprise japanese attack on pearl harbor. that “day of infamy” occurred on 7december 1941, within the same month that james nesmith created basketball half a century earlier. the pressures of war snuffed out all the birthday candles. (mccarthy, 1996) 1.2 the early development of the basketball initially, the basket retained it bottom and the ball had to be retrieved after making a goal. however, with time, as some inconvenience was noted, a hole was made at the bottom of the basket. till 1906, peach baskets continued to be used and finally, were replaced by metal hoops with backboards. soon, some more changes were made to the hoop and ultimately, it evolved to the one we see today. the first official basketball game was played in the ymca gymnasium, on 20th january 1892, with nine players. (chen jianzhong, 2004) it was by 1897-1898 that a team of five members became a usual practice. the entry of women into basketball was noticed around 1892, at smith college. it was sender branson, a physical education teacher, who modified nesmiths rules and paved way for womens basketball. she also played a major role in organizing the first womens collegiate basketball game, on 21st march 1893. with time, basketball spread throughout usa and canada. by 1895, the game was being played at several womens high schools. the first intercollegiate womens game was played in april 1896. the year 1901 saw branson becoming the editor of a.g. spaldings first womens basketball guide. by early-1900s, frequent injuries started to occur during mens basketball games. this prompted president roosevelt to suggest the formation of a governing body for college basketball. the result was the creation of the intercollegiate athletic association of the united states iaaus, which was later 1910 renamed as national collegiate athletic association ncaa. amateur sports clubs, colleges and professional clubs for basketball started opening. in the years before world war i, the amateur athletic union and the intercollegiate athletic association of the united states competed for control over the rules of the game. the first mens national championship tournament, the national association of intercollegiate basketball tournament was organized in 1937. the next year saw the first national championship for ncaa teams, the national invitation tournament nit in new york, being organized2. development of basketball industry 2.1international basketball federation fiba the first international basketball conference was held in 1932. at that time, fibb was formed with 8 national basketball associations. by the time of the 1936 olympic in berlin, fibas membership had expanded to include 32 nations. the abbreviation fiba, was originally derived from the french term federation international de basketball amateur. the a in fiba was however left and fiba is now recognized as standing for international basketball federation. the growth of international basketball has continued and in 2001 fiba of 211 member nations. fibas offices are located in munich in germany. it is divided into 5 regional zones: africa, americas, asia, europe, and oceania. 2.2 the american basketball league abl the american basketball league began play in 1925 and lasted into the 1930s, when college basketball became increasingly popular. the basketball association of america baa was comprised of teams in eastern cities when it began in 1946. meanwhile, another national basketball league was founded with teams spreading into the midwest. the baa and nbl teams competed for players and fans. in 1948, four nbl teams joined the baa and six more joined the following year, banding with seven remaining baa teams to form a 17-team league renamed the national basketball association nba.(chen jun,2002)2.3 national basketball association nbasince its founding in 1946, the nba has become a global phenomenon that transcends national boundaries of the 11 franchises that comprised the basketball association of america baa at the start of 1946-1947 season. the nba contains 30 teams 29 teams in u.s. & 1 in canada that play an 82-game season from november to april. after the regular season 8 teams from each conference compete in the playoffs for the larry obrien championship trophy. 2.4 the chinese university basketball cubacuba, the chinese university basketball association, was found in 1985. before the cuba league was launched in 1998. cuba league was held for the first time, it drew 617 teams from 26 provinces and cities. during the 2000-2001 season , cuba activities enjoyed even greater popularity on campus. the cuba is still very much in its infancy. however, as its current rate of development, the future leaves bright for this new basketball association in china. 2.5 national basketball league nblthe first professional basketball association of teams was national basketball league, formed in 1898 principally as a way to organize competition against the trenton basketball team, the finest organized team of the day in the ymca league. the nbl didnt last long, but by 1920 there were at least twenty leagues in the east and mid west.2.6 dream team 1992 was the year that professional players were first allowed to compete in the olympics, and the usa assembled a national team made up of the nbas best players. known as the dream team, this squad overwhelmed its competition, winning the gold medal easily. at the 1996 olympics in atlanta in georgia, the american professional players again dominated competition, and the united states took another gold medal. at the 2000 olympics in sydney in australia, the united states also won gold but did not dominate play as thoroughly as before. with the product output continues to expand, china basketball industry enjoys a rapid development in the year of 2008, the national industrial policy encourages basketball industry to develop towards the direction of hi-tech products, at the same time, domestic investment has gradually been increased. as investors pay more and more attention on basketball industry, the market demand for researches on basketball industry development increases day by day.2009-2012 is a critical period for the development of china basketball industry, it is also the transitional period for china stepping from the 11th five-year plan to the 12th five-year plan. in the context of global financial turmoil and severe domestic economic situation, a series of new policies are about to be introduced which will undoubtedly have a significant impact on the development of basketball industry. a number of major national construction projects have started to be constructed which are bond to play an important role in driving the demand of basketball industry market (chen jun,2002) .3.the application in china 3.1 the general situationthe nbas relationship with chinese basketball dates back to 1979 when the washington bullets now wizards traveled to china to play two exhibition games against the chinese national team. since then, the nba has opened offices in hong kong, beijing and shanghai, built relationships with the nbas 24 chinese broadcast partners, organized dozens of grassroots events while nba teams signed three players from china. the inaugural nba china games 2004 took place on october 14 in shanghai at the shanghai stadium with a capacity of 11,333 seats, and on october 17 in beijing at the capital stadium with a capacity of 17,903 seats (mccarthy,1998) . 3.2 quick facts1. over 300 million people play basketball throughout china. 2. in recent surveys, 83% of chinese males ages 15-24 said they were nba fans, more than 40% stated that basketball is their favorite sport to play and four of their top five athletes are nba players. 3. nba games are watched by more than 30 million viewers per week in china. 4. nba.com/china averages over three million page-views per day. 5. nba merchandise is sold in more than 20,000 locations throughout the country. 3.3 television and radio1 in the 2005-06 seasons, nbas broadcasters in china have increased to 24. 2 first-time broadcasters include chongqing tv, guangxi tv, guangzhou tv, jiangsu tv, kunming tv, ningbo tv, shenzhen tv and xinjiang tv. the nba is also available on radio guangdong and on nusportss website. 3 cctv televises 96 regular season games, the nba all-star game, nba playoff games and the finals (mccarthy,1998) .3.4 nba players1 yao ming houston rockets was selected by the houston rockets as the no. 1 pick in the nba draft 2002. the third chinese nba player, yao played his first regular season game against the indiana pacers on october 30, 2002. in 2005 all-star game, yao was selected as the starting center for the third consecutive time. he finished the 2004-05 season with averages of 18.3 points, 8.4 rebounds and 2.0 blocks per game, and a field goal percentage of .552. 2 wang zhizhi miami heat, signed by the dallas mavericks on april 5, 2001, was the first chinese player in the nba. wang was drafted in the second round of the 1999 nba draft by the dallas mavericks as the 36th pick overall. he was one of nine international players selected in the 1999 nba draft. he signed with the los angeles clippers as a free agent on october 1, 2002 and played with the team until november 22, 2003. wang then signed a two-year contract with the miami heat on december 1, 2003. 3 mengke bateer became the second chinese player to play in the nba when he joined the denver nuggets on february 27, 2002. the 6-11, 290-pound bateer had signed with denver october 2, 2001 but returned to china until re-signing with the nuggets on february 26, 2002 (vanguard,2010).3.5 gamesthe first-ever nba games in china took place on october 14 and 17 when the houston rockets and the sacramento kings played preseason games in beijing and shanghai. the houston rockets won game 1 in shanghai, 88-86, while the sacramento kings won the game 2 in beijing 91-98. marketing partners for the nba china games 2004 included budweiser, coca-cola, disneyland, kodak, mcdonalds . 4. application in the usa 4.1 the general situation since doctor smith invented basketball in 1891, america and basketball has forged the indissoluble bound. basketball oriented in america, and develops prosperously in there. america has a profound culture of basketball, now she has a chain of basketball industry, which is represented by nba.nbas full name is national basketball association; it is on behalf of the utmost level of the worlds basketball. nba has michael jordan, earvin johnson, kobe byrant；yaomin, lebron james and so forth such worlds superstar. there are 30 teams in the association which belong to two separated alliance, east and west. each alliance is consist of there competition area, and each competition area has 5 teams. 29 teams of all 30 teams are from america, one team comes from toronto, canada. 4.2 the success of nbanbas success due to its business operation. the basketball association of america was founded in 1946 by the owners of the major sports arenas in the northeast and midwest united states. on august 3, 1949 the baa agreed to merge with the nbl, expanding the national basketball association to seventeen franchises located in a mix of large and small cities, as well as large arenas and smaller gymnasiums and armories. 1950s: diversity, 24-second shot clock introduced. in 1956, rookie center bill russell joined the boston celtics, who already featured guard bob cousy and coach red auerbach, and went on to lead the club to eleven nba titles in thirteen seasons. through 1960s, the nba continued to strengthen with the shift of the minneapolis lakers to los angeles, the philadelphia warriors to san francisco, and the syracuse nationals to philadelphia, as well as the addition of its first expansion franchises. having walked through 59 years since 1946, nba becomes one of the most successful professional leagues from a league which even has no telecast at first. nbas business operation explains the concept of sports industry well(mccarthy,1998).nbas business operation involves in all sides, many of which is opened originally. and the business operation has been promoted to be worlds basketball league. it becomes to the successful model of all kinds of leagues. the fourth president of nba created many management ways of promoting, one of which is the most important- impact players. with the downturn in the us it may be that it is even-more important to find new areas of revenue. 5. analysis and contrast between above two countries 5.1 nbas operation system nba is operated and developed under the conditions of a sound social system and at the same time, itself formed a perfect system which is fit with the social system. therefore, nba formed a strict system of rules, such as: draft system, salary cap system, transfer system, the club ac