英语毕业论文材料：呼啸山庄复仇.doc

摘要:唐泰斯和希刺克利夫分别是复仇小说基督山伯爵和呼啸山庄中的主人公，唐泰斯历来被世人视为“天神”的化身，而希刺克利夫则被看作是“恶魔”的代表。其实，同为复仇者，他们本质上是一致的，他们身上交织着爱恨情仇，他们都有着顽强的毅力，都选择了金钱作为自己复仇的工具，并且最后两人都获得了一定程度上的新生。 关键词:复仇;唐泰斯;希刺克利夫 产生于19世纪40年代的基督山伯爵和呼啸山庄都是以复仇为主题的小说，因为其深刻的思想内容和精湛的创作技巧而在世界文学史上占据了非常重要的地位。小说中两位复仇者形象也倍受人关注。然而，唐泰斯的复仇被披上正义神圣的外衣，他被视为复仇天神。而希刺克利夫却被世人痛恨，认为他是一个十恶不赦、人性泯灭的恶魔。就连夏洛蒂在给艾米莉的遗作写序时也这样说，“只有希刺克利夫才真正是百罪莫赎，在他那直奔地狱的道路上从没有一次偏离过方向。” 呼啸山庄是一出爱情悲剧。作者的全部心血凝聚在希剌克厉夫形象的塑造上。小说的情节结构是依照希剌克厉夫的爱-恨-复仇-人性的复苏而展开的。场景时而阴云密布时而鬼哭狼嚎，时而暴风骤雨，阴森惨淡，故事始终再神秘气氛的笼罩下。这个被剥夺了人间温暖的弃儿希剌克厉夫从辛德雷那儿尝到了皮鞭的痛苦；他忍气吞声的屈服，无法改变自己的命运，他只有起来奋斗反抗，才使自己的命运有了转机。从凯瑟琳对爱情的背叛，使他狂热的爱化作无比的恨，他要对那个吃人的礼数社会，对剥夺他爱的金钱世界进行复仇。而复仇扭曲了他的人性，他设计阴谋，使人破产，把他人财产占为己有；他不仅要报复同代仇人，还要对仇人的子孙实施报复。而他的死则是一种殉情，表达了他对凯瑟琳生死不渝的爱，他的死也表示他的人性的复苏，他最终放弃了对下一代的复仇计划。这里，希剌克厉夫成为暴虐无情的魔鬼是那个吃人的社会所造成的。而希剌克厉夫的人性复苏则市作者人道主义思想的反映。可以说，作者在这个人物身上寄托了自己的全部愤慨、激情、力量、同情和理想；凯瑟琳是作者塑造的另一个心仪的人物，她有希剌克厉夫一样的反叛精神，一个庄园小姐不顾门第爱上一个野气十足的弃儿；她始终爱着希剌克厉夫，即使她嫁了人，依然有情于他。她说：“在这个世界上，我最大的悲痛就是希剌克厉夫的悲痛我对林敦的爱像树林中的叶子我对希剌克厉夫的爱恰似地面的岩石。但由于她一时软弱、虚荣和愚蠢，葬送了自己的青春、爱情和生命，她毁了希剌克厉夫和差一点伤害了下一代。作者对这个人物有同情，有愤慨，有鞭策，有惋惜。 呼啸山庄被认为是英国小说史上一部最奇特的小说，最具有艺术震撼力的小说之一，原因是那时代的伤感忧郁情调小说风行，没有像呼啸山庄表达出来的那种狂飙般的爱和憎，这种情感才是人类情感的极至，惟有极至化的性格、情感和经历的人才能打动我们读者的心弦，作品才会取得永恒祭台的位置。 published in 1847, wuthering heights was not well received by the reading public, many of whom condemned it as sordid, vulgar, and unnatural-and author emily bronte went to her grave in 1848 believing that her only novel was a failure. it was not until 1850, when wuthering heights received a second printing with an introduction by emilys sister charlotte, that it attracted a wide readership. and from that point the reputation of the book has never looked back. today it is widely recognized as one of the great novels of english literature. even so, wuthering heights continues to divide readers. it is not a pretty love story; rather, it is swirling tale of largely unlikeable people caught up in obsessive love that turns to dark madness. it is cruel, violent, dark and brooding, and many people find it extremely unpleasant. and yet-it possesses a grandeur of language and design, a sense of tremendous pity and great loss that sets it apart from virtually every other novel written. the novel is told in the form of an extended flashback. after a visit to his strange landlord, a newcomer to the area desires to know the history of the family-which he receives from nelly deans, a servant who introduces us to the earnshaw family who once resided in the house known as wuthering heights. it was once a cheerful place, but old earnshaw adopted a gipsy child who he named heathcliff. and catherine, daughter of the house, found in him the perfect companion: wild, rude, and as proud and cruel as she. but although catherine loves him, even recognizes him as her soulmate, she cannot lower herself to marry so far below her social station. she instead marries another, and in so doing sets in motion an obsession that will destroy them all. wuthering heights is a bit difficult to get into; the opening chapters are so dark in their portrait of the end result of this obsessive love that they are somewhat off-putting. but they feed into the flow of the work in a remarkable way, setting the stage for one of the most remarkable structures in all of literature, a story that circles upon itself in a series of repetitions as it plays out across two generations. catherine and heathcliff are equally remarkable, both vicious and cruel, and yet never able to shed their impossible love no matter how brutally one may wound the other. as the novel coils further into alcoholism, seduction, and one of the most elaborately imagined plans of revenge it gathers into a ghostly tone: heathcliff, driven to madness by a woman who is not there but who seems reflected in every part of his world-dragging her corpse from the grave, hearing her calling to him from the moors, escalating his brutality not for the sake of brutality but so that her memory will never fade, so that she may never leave his mind until death itself. yes, this is madness, insanity, and there is no peace this side of the grave or even beyond. many people in the world are trying to find a perfect companion.some of these may marry and not know what their new husband or wife is like.this kind of situation often leads to separation or hostility. other situations may develop between two friends that stem from jealousy, desire for revenge, uncaring parents, etc. emily bronts wuthering heights displays several characteristics of destructive relationships. three of these are uncaring parents, marriage without knowing the person, and jealousy. uncaring or unsympathizing parents are shown throughout this story to be an element of destructive relationships. because heathcliff gained all the attention from mr. earnshaw, hindley became disassociated from his father. this separation continued until after mr. earnshaw had died.another example is between hindley and hareton. hindley became such a drunk and a gambler that he could not properly care for young hareton. this led to a separation between hareton and his father as well. one primary example of an uncaring parent is shown between heathcliff and his son linton.heathcliff did not even want his son for anything except enacting a part of his revenge. this is shown by lintons fear of heathcliff and heathcliffs enmity toward his son. linton even says . my father threatened me, and i dread him - i dread him!(244) to express his feeling about heathcliff.the hostility and separation between father and son in this book shows that uncaring parents can cause serious damage in relationships with their children. this element of destructive behavior may stem from an unhappy marriage in which the husbands or wives dont know each other. this had happened between isabella and heathcliff. isabella did not really know heathcliff when she married him, but after she had married him she saw that heathcliff was not a gentleman at all. to declare her feelings she wrote is heathcliff a man? if so, is he mad? and if not, is he a devil? i shant tell my reasons for making this inquiry; but i beseech you to explain, if you can, what i have married .(125). another example of this is when catherine married edgar linton. although she had been happy at the beginning of the marriage, she thought having parties all the time was going to be fun. yet, after a while, she became bored. she also realized that she loved heathcliff more than edgar and would always love heathcliff.this enlightenment created separation between edgar and catherine during the final hours of cathys life. an additional marriage which was made that was doomed was the one between catherine and linton. because this was a forced marriage, cathy had not yet learned all she could about linton.because she did not know until after the marriage that linton was selfish and inconsiderate, she became distressed and grew isolated in the house.these three failed marriages described in this novel show that knowing the person you will marry is very important.while these marriages took place, jealousy also took a hold in some relationships. one example of this is when mr. earnshaw starts to favor heathcliff over his own son, hindley. because of this, hindley becomes jealous of young heathcliff and sets out to make heathcliffs life a nightmare. hindleys jealousy becomes evident when he says ,. be damned you beggarly interloper! and wheedle my father out of all he has; only afterwards show him what you are, imp of satan.(35). jealousy was also found very notably in the relationship between heathcliff and edgar linton. the jealousy between them is expressed when heathcliff and edgar start a hostile conversation after cathys homecoming at christmas near the beginning of the book. as the story progresses these two become bitter enemies who will not speak to one another. another relationship which jealousy ruined is the one between hareton and linton. these two become jealous of each other over cathys affections. this relationship ends as hareton and linton hating each other. these relationships show that jealousy can ruin a relationship very quickly. the jealousy, neglect, and unprepared nature of the many relationships in this book indicates that many of the relationships in this book have gone sour. in spite of all these destructive elements one relationship may succeed. this is the one between cathy and hareton. wutheringheights isaboutaloveandretaliatestory. heathcliffwaspickedupbyharetonearnshawinthestreetofengland.heregardedheathcliffashisson.mrearnshawsson,hindley,hatedheathcliffverymuch,buthissister,catherinelikedhimverymuch. aftermrearnshawsdeath,hindleyregardedheathcliffasaworker,andmishandledheathcliffallthetime.atthattime,catherineandheathcliffhadthefeelingoflove.therichmanssonlintonwholivednexttocatherinerequestedherlove,andsheanswered.soheathcliffleftthefamilyangry. afterthreeyear,catherinemarriedlinton.heathcliffbecamearichmanandcameback.hestartedhisplanofretaliateatthesametime.hindleygotbadhabitbecauseoflosinghiswife,heathcliffleadedhimintoabadman,andhadallhismoneyeasily,healsoleadhindleyssonintotrouble. heathcliffmarriedlintonssisterisabellawithcheatingher,andthenhemishandledher.catherinewasdeadaftershebirthedherdaughterlittlecatherineandisabellabirthedhersonandthenleftheathcliffaftershediscoveredheathcliffscrafty.afterwards,isabellawasdead,hersonwasgotbacktoheathcliff,andheathcliffmadehissonfellintolovewithlittlecatherine. whenlintonwasillbadly,heathcliffcatchedlittlecatherine,andforcedshemarriedhisson,thenhegotalllintonsmoney,finishhisretaliateplan.littlelintondiedinashorttime,littlecatherinefellinlovewithhindleysson,hareton.atthesametime,heathcliffwasupsetbecauseofcatherine.hedidntwanttoretaliateanymore,thenheletthemgettogether.last,hewasdead. whatasadstoryitis! 情爱、复仇与宽恕呼啸山庄与原野之比较内容提要呼啸山庄和原野都是早生的婴儿，虽然诞生在不同的时代和国度，却有相似的命运，一经问世便遭到无情的指责和彻底的否定，然而，就像逗留在“蒙娜丽莎”嘴角边的神秘的微笑，呼啸山庄和原野也显示了一种永久的艺术魅力，紧紧包裹在其中的是怎样一个信息呢？这似乎是一个猜不透的斯芬克斯之迷。我个人以为这两部作品虽然都是写关于“复仇”故事，作者似乎也能理解这种复仇，但作品的最终指向还是向“善”，宣扬的是“宽恕,这与创作主体的精神世界是相契合的 。关 键 词二重世界 神秘主义 复仇 宽恕abstract“wuthering heights” and “wild plain” are the premature babies. they were born in the different times and countries but with the same fate, that is, they were subjected to merciless censure and thorough negation as soon as they came out. like monalizas mysterious smile. however, they also demonstrate an everlasting artistic charm. the implication contained in the two works is like a riddle waiting for exposure. in my opinion, through the themes of two works are both about revenge which is understood by the writers, the ultimate aim that the writers hoped to reach was to praise kindness and lenience. this agreed with the writers own rich and complicated spiritual world.key wordsthe two kinds of world mysticismsrevenge forgiveness violence in wuthering heights wuthering heights was written by emile bront, one of the bront sisters. the author finished this novel in 1847. after that, emily died soon in 1848 at age thirty. in the nineteenth century wuthering heights becomes as classical novel. the readers who were read this novel were shocked by the violence. in this paper, i will discuss the theme of the violence on wuthering heights. the novel takes place in england around 1760. the narrator, a gentleman named lockwood. lockwood rents a fine house and park called thrush cross grange in yorkshire, and gradually learns more and more about the histories of two local families. this is what he learns from a housekeeper, ellen dean, who had been with one of the two families for all of her life. the story takes place in two main settings; wuthering heights and thrush cross grange, both situated on the harsh and desolate moors of yorkshire. emily bronte actually grew up and lived in this place, and so her depiction of it is very accurate, and she uses her knowledge to emphasise the moods and attitudes of the characters. the people of these two houses differ from each other. the people from the wuthering heights such as heath cliff are generally angry, ill tempered, vengeful, and often immoral. these attitudes are clearly reflected through the large, cold and dark house, situated on top of a ruthless hill on the moors. thrush cross grange is a more cultivated, calm house, situated in a valley of the moors. its inhabitants, including edgar linton, are generally more refined, with more morals and calmer attitudes than those of wuthering heights. catherine earnshaw, who is from wuthering heights, is a character that creates the conflict throughout the whole book and between the two characters, edgar and heath cliff. to clarify more that catherine is torn between her love for heathcliff and her desire to be a gentlewoman, and her decision to marry the gentle edgar linton drags almost all of the novels characters into conflict with heathcliff to begin with, one of the main characters in wuthering heights is the devilish heath cliff. an orphan despised since his birth. heath cliff grows up to become a sadistic, cruel, vengeful and immoral man .he is often referred to as “like the devil” or as “evil”, and this is certainly the way he acts. his intense yet destroyed passion towards catherine earns haw causes him to despise all members of the linton family of thrush cross grange, and he determined to destroy them in numerous. his character develops from chapter to another chapter he becomes a horrible person, especially when he abuses isabella edgar lintons sister. he used her infatuation as a tool of revenge towards the lintons, he constantly and savagely attacks linton, his own dying son, and even his tenant, mr lockwood cannot escape his cruelty. heathcliffs love for catherine is tinged with danger and violence; edgar loves catherine with gracious tranquillity, and catherine returns affection to each of them accordingly. the grange is a symbol of civilization, warmth, and goodness; the heights are a symbol of wildness, cruelty, and evil. such utter difference between the environments and climates of the two households symbolizes the distinction between the temperaments of their inhabitants. this contrast results in the pain, anguish, and discontent suffered by the protagonists; yet ultimately, the violent passion that is like the howling winds of wuthering heights and the tender love that reminds one the sweet air at thrush cross grange come together, through the marriage of catherine and heathcliffs respective offspring, never to separate again. through extensive descriptions of the characters dwellings and its surroundings, bronte helps the reader gain insight into these characters. the reader who scrutinizes this novel , will face many various violence between the characters .for example in chapter 4 heathcliff and hindly are very violent towards each other. and heathcliff knows he can use it to his advantage. he doesnt even need to fight back, because father will always take his side. this bad relation is more developed through story heathcliff is jealous of edgar linton, who is so pale and delicate and well mannered. he hates that catherine likes him, and when linton makes a comment about heathcliffs hair, heathcliff throws hot applesauce in his face. heathcliffs violence is answered with more violence. hindley took him upstairs and beat him; hindley has become violent especially when he sticks a knife into nellys mouth angry that she had not yet killed his son, as hed asked. then his mood changes and he wants to hug his son. even affection is violent with him, and the boy pulls away from his fathers brutal. on the other hand , heathcliff is tormented with the loss of catherine , he hits his head against a tree , causing it to haemorrhage .nelly sees many bloodstains on the tree , and guesses that heathcliff had inflicted this pain on himself many times during the night . this violence has not only instilled in the main characters behaviour in this novel but also it has a great infliction of the other characters. for example isabella is beginning to enjoy seeing others suffer. after the incident between hindley and heathcliff, isabella is happy to see heathcliff looking upset, and she taunts him about catherine until he cries. her cruel words lead to a cruel act, just as she previously feared-heathcliff impeaches her with a knife. the bigger surprise is that isabella, wild and changed, throws it back at him, hoping to wound him. linton became hysterical and had a terrible coughing fit after being forced from the living room. cathy still blamed hareton, and she hit him with her whip as she left. also the flow and cadences of the conversation seem to reflect the mood. every speech seems to flow into the other, and each time a speaker says something, it is usually long. unless it is long then it is made up for in powerful actions, which tend to fill the gaps