《傲慢与偏见》英语专业毕业论文.doc

abstractpride and prejudice is austins great work. in pride and prejudice austen writes four marriage types: ideal elizabeth and darcy; realizable charlotte and collins; felicitous jane and bingley; unhappy lydia and wickham. she points out emphatically that economic consideration are the bonds of wedlock and love. she acclaims that happy marriage is not subject to property and family status. it is unwise to marry without money and it is also wrong to marry for money. marriage with mutual love is regarded as happy and ideal one. the thesis explicates that austens view of marriage is progressive, in pride and prejudice. she focuses on the equality between men and women and she emphasizes marriage should be of equal importance in terms of love and economic consideration. more importantly, mutual love should be the top priority in marriage. with the ideal marriage in mind, the author of this novel criticizes the patriarchy and the view of marriage of her time. therefore, her exposure is a great realistic significance to the society today.key words: pride and prejudice; views of marriage; austen摘要傲慢与偏见是奥斯汀的伟大著作，小说中描述了四种男女的婚姻类型：理想的伊丽莎白和达西、现实的夏络蒂和柯林斯、幸福的吉英和彬格莱以及不幸的丽迪雅和韦翰。她强调了经济状况对妇女爱情和婚姻的束缚，指出婚姻不应该只由财产门第来决定，虽然找一个没钱的人结婚是不明智的，但是为金钱而结婚也是错误的，建立在爱情基础上的婚姻才是理想和幸福的。本论文主要以马克思主义社会经济学说为依据，来阐明奥斯丁的婚姻观是前卫的，她提倡的是一种爱情与经济并重而又以爱情为重的婚姻观，还强调了男女之间的平等，揭示了婚姻的内涵。对今天社会来讲，她的揭示也有着相当的现实意义。关键词：傲慢与偏见；婚姻观；奥斯汀contentsabstract in english.iabstract in chinese. ii1. introduction12.the background of austin and her pride and prejudice 33. a socio-historical analysis of pride and prejudice.63.1. social background63.2. austens views on ideal marriage.94.the concept of love and marriage and four marriages. 114.1.the concept about love and marriage in the society. .114.2. four marriages.11 4.2.1. collins and charlottes marriage11 4.2.2. lydia and wickhams marriage. 12 4.2.3. jane and mr. bingleys marriage13 4.2.4. darcy and elizabeths marriage.145. significance of view of marriage expressed by austen in pride and prejudice. .165.1.autens criticism on the essential of marriage in the patriarc.16 5.2.limitation of austens view on love and marriage175.3.realistic significance.186. conclusion. 21acknowledgements22bibliography23v 西安翻译学院本科论文1. introductionpride and prejudice is about commonplace things and ordinary people and it is one of jane austens famous books, which is considered as the representative of realistic literature. it portrays, with special sensitive characteristic of female writers, the life and ideas of middle class who live in countryside. this novel makes an analysis of human nature and then sticks up readers to think over social relations. this novel takes young peoples marriage as the thread and it covers the inheritance of fortune, womens social status, ethics and customs. being the masterpiece of jane austen, it comes to the extensive favor of literary lovers and experts at the same time. this novel also takes the female characters, from the heroine elizabeth bennet to the minor character lady catherine de bourgh, they have their own vivid personalities, which are more meaningful and profound than those of the male characters. their friends, relatives and neighbors are mostly those with big or small land or with some money, but generally without titles. these characters always chat away about marriage and fortune. this novel uses characters as literary devices to show the relationship between married for love and married for alternative reasons. marriage is thought to be the single possible fulfillment for a woman at the time when austen writes the novel. marriage plays an important role in womens life. four different marriages and love are demonstrated in austins novel. love and marriage are closely associated with property and society; however, they are not all about them. an ideal marriage should be based on mutual affection and respect. she rejects the marriage based on wealth and stresses the element of emotion in a marriage.this paper makes an analysis of four marriages in pride and prejudice and discusses the deep outlook for their love and marriage in the light of social back ground at the time. and then it advocates that it is not sensible to marry for money, but it is silly to marry without money. marriage is associated with property and social status but is not all about them. marriage in essence is the mutual love and respect. 2. the background of austin and her pride and prejudicejane austen(17751817) is one of the nineteenth century british women writers. austen is born in a village called steventon in hampshire, england. as a daughter of the local rector, although she never enters a formal school, she is well educated by her family. as a matter of fact, besides drawing and piano playing (womens education of her time), all her education is to read her fathers books of both the serious and the popular literature of the day. (her father had a library of 500 books by 1801) she does a fair amount of reading. later, at the age of 11 or 12, she begins to write. in her lifetime, she is engaged in writing but receives little public recognition. (the four novels which are published while she lives: sense and sensibility (1811); pride and prejudice (1813); mansfield park (1814) and emma (1816) which appears without her name on the title page, usually their authorship is attributed only to” a lady.)austen, the great narrator of courtship and marriage, never married, looks upon her writings as her “babies”, and does among her family in winchester at age 42. through her short life, she finishes six novels and some minor writings: sense and sensibility; pride and prejudice; northanger abbey; mansfield park; emma and persuasion.her novels are highly praised not only for their light irony, humor and depiction of contemporary english country life, but also for their underlying serious quality. in her era, british novels seem to come to a stop, and family reading activity become more and more boring. when pride and prejudice was first published in 1813, it doesnt cause a great sensation. the first edition of it is only printed up to 1500 copies. anyway, jane austen turns the washtub into the vase, in effect, she transforms the eighteenth-century novel, which could be a clumsy and primitive performance into a work of art. she invents her own special mode of fiction, the domestic comedy of middle-class manners, a dramatic, realistic account of the quiet backwaters of everyday life for the country families of regency england from the late 1790s until 1815. all these help her to be a milestone as well as a very important writer in the history of british literature.” she is said to have the equal name as sir walter scott.”(duckworth, 1971, 15) pride and prejudice was her first novel and its original name is first impressions. first impressions is actually the first of jane austens works to be offered to a publisher, in 1797 by jane austens father, but the publisher turns it down without even looking at the manuscript.” austen rewrites it and turns its form of an exchange of letter into the version we know today, and gave it a new name pride and prejudice.”(dwyer, 1989, 21) pride and prejudice, similar to her other novels, focuses on four or five families in the town. the main characters are the ladies from the genteel society which we would now call the upper middle class. their friends, relatives and neighbors are mostly those with some land and some money, generally without titles, and always with the pressure of navigating the treacherous waters of social codes and expectations. these characters sit in front of the andiron in the living room and chat away about marriage and fortune, they talk about love on the market, at church, and at a dinner party, and of course there is always a happy ending, a happy marriage. pride and prejudice is a story about mrs. bennets daughters who are at marriageable age. the whole story is about marriage. through four couples attitude to love and marriage and the reaction of the other people, we can get a clear picture of the customs of the upper middle class then, such as the relation between marriage and fortune, the awakening of the women at that time.in this novel, from the heroine, miss elizabeth bennet to the foil, miss de bourgh, all the female characters have their own vivid personalities, much profound than those of the male characters. miss elizabeth has a lively playful disposition. elizabeths rational view of love and marriage, her actual choice and her satisfactory ending express austens attitude to love and marriage and her ideal of life. the style of pride and prejudice is well ahead of the other novels of the time and it has a kind of fairly deep power of art. the selected language, wisdom and humor fully reflect austens view of marriage. she objects to the marriage only for money and status as well as the marriage without consideration for the same background. her idea is that we cant marry for money or regard marriage as a game. she advocates the marriage for both love and economic consideration with love playing the leading role. meanwhile, she also exposes that the essentials of bourgeon is marriage are a deal of money and a combination of benefit under the patriarchy.3. a socio-historical analysis of pride and prejudice3.1. social backgroundpride and prejudice has been on top of the reading list for scholars as well as common readers all over the world. it has won austen the highest reputation, being the representative of realistic literature. the plot is very simple, because it merely deals with love and marriage, that is, how the young ladies choice their proper husbands. it portrays trivial matters of love, marriage and family life between ladies and gentlemen of the landed gentry.mr. and mrs. bennet have five daughters, living at longbourn. according to the british law,entailed property is usually inherited by the nearest male heir-mr. collins, mr.bennets distant cousin.mrs. bennet has only one concern in life: to marry her five daughters off to eligible men. when she hears about a rich bachelor bingley moving into the netherfield park, a nearby estate, she sees him as one of her daughters potential suitor. bingley appears at the meryton ball with his two sisters and a friend darcy. bingley meets jane, and is favorably impressed, but darcy tries to prevent him contacting her. in addition, darcy behaves in a way that enrages elizabeth:he snubs elizabeth and refuses to dance with her, and she is furious over his arrogance. darcy is considered to be proud and disagreeable because of his reserve in his first appear. after further interactions, it becomes evident that jane and bingley have a preference for one another. when jane is invited for dinner at netherfield, mrs. bennet refuses to provide her with a carriage. jane has to ride alone in the rain and falls ill and is forced to stay at netherfield until she recovers. when hearing of jane is ill, elizabeth walks to netherfield to nurse her sister. she meets darcy there,and increasingly gains his admiration. mr. collins arrives at longbourn. he makes it clear that he hopes to find a suitable wife among the five daughters of the bennet. when he proposes to elizabeth, she firmly refuses him,and then he turns to the homely charlotte lucas and she accepts immediately.mr.wickham, a young officer, be friends the bennet sisters. he shows a partiality for elizabeth, and tells her the reason for the mutual embarrassment when he and darcy met. darcys father is the godfather of wickham. he promises to give wickham a good living after his death, but darcy fails to fulfill his fathers dying wishes and leaves wickham to support himself. elizabeths dislike of darcy intensifies. then bingley goes to london for business and shortly after bingleys sisters and darcy go to london as well. jane receives a note from caroline bingley, telling her that bingley will marry darcys sister georgiana and unite the fortunes of the two families. jane is heartbroken, but elizabeth firmly believes that the bingleys sisters and darcy managed to convince bingley to stay in london rather than returning to netherfield to propose to jane .mr. and mrs. gardiner, elizabeths aunt and uncle, come to longbourn to visit. at their invitation, jane spends some time with them in london, hoping that time will help her to cheer up. elizabeth also hopes that jane will run into bingley while in london. on her way to visit charlottes new home in kent, elizabeth stops in london to visit her aunt. she learns that jane has not received any call from mr.bingley. when staying with the collins, elizabeth and others are often invited to have dinners at rosings, the large estate of mr. collinspatroness lady catherine, darcys aunt. at a party, elizabeth treats her coldly because lady catherine is completely arrogant. after elizabeth has been at the parsonage for a fortnight, darcy and his cousin colonel fitzwilliam visit rosings. one day when elizabeth is alone at the parsonage, darcy pays a visit and proposes in a haughty tone to her. he tells her that he makes all his efforts to avoid loving her because of her low family connections, but he has fallen in love with her and wants to marry her. elizabeth rudely rejects him, accusing him of ungentlemanly manner, in which he proposed, and of separating her sister and bingley and of mistreating wickham. darcy is shocked and leaves in anger. the next day he brings a letter to elizabeth to answer her charges. he has prevented bingley from proposing to jane because it does not seem to him that jane is truly, attached to bingley. he also clears himself with regard to wickham. after reading the letter for many times, she begins to see that darcy is telling the truth and she is inclined to believe wickhams story because he has flattered her with his attention, while to think ill of darcy because he has wounded her pride on their first meeting. she begins to see him in a different sight, but she leaves without meeting him. elizabeth goes on vacation with her aunt. they go on a tour to darcys estate, pemberley, when he is not at home. during their tour of the gardens they run into darcy, who has returned early from his trip. darcy is extremely happy to meet elizabeth and her aunt and uncle and tells her that he wants her to meets his sister georgiana as soon as she arrives. darcy and georgiana pay a visit to them on the very morning of georgianas arrival. bingley comes to visit as well. it is obvious that he still loves jane. one morning elizabeth receives a letter from jane announcing that lydia has eloped with wickham and that they fear wickham does not actually want to marry her. soon under the help of darcy, lydia and wickham get married. darcy and bingley return to netherfield park. bingley proposes to jane, and she happily accepts. when darcy has gone on a short business trip to london, lady catherine comes to longbourn and orders elizabeth not to accept darcys proposal. elizabeth refuses to make any promise. after darcy returns from his business trip, he proposes to elizabeth for the second time, this time elizabeth accepts immediately. jane austen set pride and prejudice in the time in which she lives, the end of eighteenth century and the first decade of the nineteenth century, generally is known as the regency in britain. the england is undergoing radical shift in the social and economic life during this time. it is gradually transforming from an agrarian society ruled by landed aristocracy and gentry, to an industrial society powered by the machine manufacture. however, this transition is an uneasy one. there are riots and rages all over the country. the society develops rather slowly in politics as well as in economics. this society is a highly stratified society. “it can be divided politically into three groups: aristocracy, gentry and everyone else”(irvine, 2005, 32).the three groups are tended to socialize with people of the same class. in the countryside, the families still possessed great privilege and power that country squires are likely to fawn on them. english society is still typically hierarchical. the feudal hierarchical concept keeps a significant place in peoples minds, especially in the country where the economic development is even slower. as the development of capitalism and the expansion of rich people, the distinction between social strata is becoming smaller and smaller, while as a social value, money is getting more and more important in peoples minds. a good marriage for a young woman is critical according to the social conditions in britain. that because womens position in the first half of the nineteenth century is very low. the prevailing opinion to female is that” the woman was created for man” (wollstonecraft, 2001, 41). women are frequently ignored by men. they are treated as the ones who could only give birth to children and serve men. there is no equality between women and men. women have few rights and few opportunities to change life. they are considered to be inferior to men in terms of intelligence and capabilities. marriage is only one purpose in their lives, home is their only proper spheres and family affairs are their only thing to deal with. women must recogniz