考研英语核心词汇速成胜经45

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经考研英语核心词汇速成胜经 Unit 45 一、一、 真题文章（真题文章（1997年年 Text 5） Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes”, makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel. Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s. It is also less than most forecasters had predicated. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that Americas inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America. Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially Americas, have little productive slack. Americas capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen bellow most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past. Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have up-ended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation. 二、二、 译文译文 很多用来描述货币政策的词，例如“引导经济软着陆”和“触动经济刹车” ， 听起来象是一门精确的科学。事实远非如此。利率和通货膨胀之间的关系难以 确定。在政策的变化对经济起实际作用之前，会有很长而难以确定的时间差。 所以，很多人把货币政策实施过程比作驾驶一辆遮住挡风玻璃、后视镜已断裂、 方向盘有毛病的汽车。 尽管有这些不足之处，主要银行家对近来的局势似乎相当乐观。西方七大 工业国去年的用货膨胀率下降至2.3%，接近30年来的最低水平，到今年七月， 这个数字略微上升到2.5%。这远远低于七、八十年代很多国家曾经经历过的两 位数的通货膨胀率。 这也比大多数预言家的预测要低。1994年底，每月接受经济学家意见 调查的一组经济学家指出，美国在1995年的平均通货膨胀率将达到3.5%。实际 上，8月份就降到了2.6%，而且有望达到全年平均仅为3%。而英国和日本的通 货膨胀率比去年年底预测的要低半个百分点。这不是昙花一现，在过去几年里， 英国和美国的通货膨胀率始终低于预期数值。 经济学家对英国和美国的这种乐观的通货膨胀数据感到尤为吃惊，因为传 统的计算方法显示，这两个国家，尤其是美国，已经没有太大的生产弹性。例 如，美国的生产力利用率年初达到了历史最高水平，而它的失业率（8月为 5.6%）已经低于了多数正常失业率所允许的数字在过去，当这种情况出现 时，通货膨胀就要发生了。 为什麽通货膨胀的情况如此轻微？可惜的是最令人激动的解释也不是无懈 可击的。一些经济学家认为，世界强有力的经济结构改变已经推翻了旧有的经 济模式，即以经济增长和通货膨胀之间的历史联系为基础的模式。 三、三、 考研核心词汇考研核心词汇 monetary / / 5mQnitEri5mQnitEri / / adj.货币的,金钱的 例例 The monetary system of certain countries used to be based on gold. 某些国家的货币制度过去一直是金本位的。 policy / / 5pClisi5pClisi / / n. 政策,方针 例例 It is the policy of the government to improve education. 改进教育是政府的政策。 同义同义 course，line，plan，procedure，program steer / / stiEstiE / / v.驾驶,掌舵 例例 He steered the ship carefully between the rocks. 他小心地在礁石间驾驶船。 同义同义 drive，guide，handle，head，lead，manage 派生派生 steerage / / 5stiEridV5stiEridV / / n. 最低票价的舱位,士官的二等室,操纵,驾 驶,掌舵 固定搭配固定搭配 steer clear (of)避免；避开 brake / / breikbreik / / n.闸,刹车 v.刹车 例例 The car braked to a stop. 车刹住不走了。 同义同义 curb，decelerate，slow，down，stop precise / / pri5saispri5sais / / adj. 精确的,准确的 n. 精确 例例 The victim was able to give a precisedescription of the suspect. 受害者能够清晰地描绘嫌疑犯 同义同义 absolute，accurate，careful，clear- cut，definite，detailed，exact，explicit 反义反义 incorrect / / 7inkE5rekt7inkE5rekt / / adj.错误的,不正确的 vague / / veivei / / adj. 含糊的,不清楚的,茫然的,暧昧的 派生派生 precisely / / prI5saIslIprI5saIslI / / adv. 正好 inflation / / in5fleiFEnin5fleiFEn / / n. 1胀大,夸张2通货膨胀, (物价)暴涨 例例 Inflation erodes the purchasing power of the families with lower income. 通货膨胀使低收入家庭的购买力不断下降。 反义反义 deflation /dI5fleIF(E)n/dI5fleIF(E)n/ n. 1放气,缩小2通货紧缩,物价低廉(尤指成本 不降低时的反常情形) 派生派生 inflate in5fleit vt. 1使膨胀；使得意2使(通货)膨胀,使充气 vi. 充气,膨胀 lag / / lAlA / / n. 1落后2囚犯3防护套 adj. 最后的 vi. 缓缓而行,滞后 vt. 落后于,押往监狱,加上外套 例例 He lagged behind us. 他落在我们后面。 同义同义 dawdle，delay，dillydally，linger，loiter，poke，tarry hence /henshens / / adv. 因此,从此 例例 It is very late; hence you must go to bed. 时间已经很晚了，因此你必须睡觉去。 同义同义 therefore，accordingly，consequently，elsewhere，from now on，later 反义反义 ago / / E5EuE5Eu / / adv.以前的,以往的 analogy / / E5nAlEdViE5nAlEdVi / / n.类似,类推 例例 No analogy exists between them. 他们之间没有相似之处。 派生派生 analogise / / EnAlEdVaIzEnAlEdVaIz / / v. 以类推来说明,类推 liken / / 5laikEn5laikEn / / vt.把.比作 例例 Life is often likenedto a dream. 人生常被喻为一场梦。 conduct / / 5kCndQkt,5kCndQkt, -dEkt-dEkt / / n.行为,操行 v. 引导,管理,为人,传导 例例 Your children conduct themselves well. 你的孩子们品行良好。 同义同义 action，behavior，direct，guide，lead，manage，manner 派生派生 conduction / / kEn5dQkFEnkEn5dQkFEn / / n.传导 faulty / / 5fC:lti5fC:lti / / adj.有过失的,有缺点的,不完美的,不完善的 例例 a faulty design 不完善的设计方案 派生派生 fault / / fC:ltfC:lt / / n.过错,缺点,故障,毛病 vt.挑剔 vi.弄错 boast / / bEustbEust / / n. 自夸,值得夸耀的事物 v.自夸,以有.而自豪 例例 Nobody should boastof his learning. 谁也不应当夸耀自己的学识。 同义同义 brag，belittle，depreciate 派生派生 boaster / / 5bEustE5bEustE / / n. 自夸的人 digit / / 5didVit5didVit / / n. 1阿拉伯数字2手指或足趾3一指宽(约四分之三英寸) 例例 The number 2001 contains four digits. 2001是个四位数。 同义同义 figure，number，numeral 派生派生 digital / / 5didVitl5didVitl / / adj. 1数字的,数位的2手指的 n. 数字,数字式 forecaster / / 5fC:kB:stE5fC:kB:stE / / n. 预报员 例例 The weather forecastersaid that it would rain tonight . 气象预报员说今晚有雨。 派生派生 forecast / / 5fC:kB:st5fC:kB:st / / n. 先见,预见,预测,预报 vt. 预想,预测,预 报,预兆 predicate / / 5predikit5predikit / / n. 谓词 v. 断言 例例 Thepredicate of a sentence is that part of the sentence which says something about the subject. 一句话的谓语部分是用来描述主语的。 反义反义 subject / / 5sQbdVikt5sQbdVikt / / n. 1,主题2科目,学科3国民, 语法主语 adj. 1受他国统治的,未独立的,受制于.的,受.影响的2以.为条件的 vt. 使屈从于.,使隶属 派生派生 predication / / 7predi5keiFEn7predi5keiFEn / / n. 论断 predicative / / pri5dikEtivpri5dikEtiv / / adj. 肯定的 panel 5pAnl n. 1 面板,嵌板,仪表板2座谈小组,全体陪审员 vt. 嵌镶板 例例 The date for the panel discussion is fixed now. 座谈会的日期现已确定。 同义同义 barrier，board，division，forum poll / / pEulpEul / / n. 选举之投票,民意测验 v. 投票,获得选票,选举中获得 例例 They expected a heavy poll. 他们预料会有很多人来投票。 同义同义 canvass，questionnaire，survey，vote percentage / / pE5sentidVpE5sentidV / / n. 百分数,百分率,百分比 例例 A small percentage of the workers are unskilled. 少数工人是非熟练工。 同义同义 part，proportion，quota，rate，ratio 派生派生 percent / / pE5sentpE5sent / / n. 百分比,百分数 favorable / / 5feiErEbl5feiErEbl / / adj. 1赞成的,有利的 2良好的,讨人喜欢的,起促进 作用的 例例 I hope you will give favorable consideration to my suggestion. 我希望你对我的建议作出肯定的表示。 反义反义 unfavorable / / 5Qn5feivErEbl5Qn5feivErEbl / / adj. 不宜的,不顺利的,相反的,令人不 快的 派生派生 favor / / 5feivE5feivE / / n. 好感,宠爱,关切,欢心,好意,喜爱 vt.支持,赞成,照 顾,促成,象,喜欢,证实,赐予 slack / / slAkslAk / / n. 1松弛2淡季,闲散3家常裤 adj. 1松弛的,不流畅的3疏忽 的4漏水的 adv. 1马虎地2缓慢地 vt. 1使松弛,使缓慢2 马虎从事 vi. 松懈,减弱,松驰 例例 The string around the parcel was slack. 打包裹的绳很松。 同义同义 baggy，dull，hanging，inactive，lazy，loose，slow 反义反义 tight / / taIt/taIt/ adj. 1紧的,绷紧的,紧密的2不漏水(不透气)的3由压迫产 生的4困难的 adv. 紧紧地 utilization / / 7ju:tilai5zeiFEn7ju:tilai5zeiFEn / / n. 利用 例例 By this way ,it can help us to cease the problem of over utilization of oil energy . 这种方法能帮助我们解决过量使用石油的问题。 派生派生 utilize / / ju:5tIlaIzju:5tIlaIz / / vt. 利用 mild / / maildmaild / / adj. 1温和的2淡味的,轻微的3适度的 例例 “He has too milda nature to get angry, even if he has good cause.“ “他的性情太温和了,即使有充分的理由,他也不会动怒。“ 同义同义 calm，gentle，good-humored，good-natured，kind，lenient，moderate 反义反义 harsh / / hB:FhB:F / / adj. 粗糙的,荒芜的,苛刻的,刺耳的,刺目的 severe / / si5viEsi5viE / / adj. 严厉的,严格的,剧烈的,严重的,严峻的 thrilling / / 5WriliN5WriliN / / adj. 1毛骨悚然的2颤动的,发抖的 例例 thrillingvoice 颤抖的声音 派生派生 thrill / / WrilWril / / v. 发抖 defective / / di5fektivdi5fektiv / / adj. 有缺陷的, (智商或行为有)欠缺的 n. 有缺 陷的人,不完全变化动词 例例 He is defective in moral sense. 他不能分辨邪正。 派生派生 defect / / di5fektdi5fekt / / n. 过失,缺点 structural / / 5strQktFErEl5strQktFErEl / / adj. 结构的,建筑的 例例 structuralengineering 建筑工程学;大建筑工程 派生派生 structure / / 5strQktFE5strQktFE / / n.结构,构造,建筑物 vt. 建筑,构成,组织 四、四、 强化练习强化练习 1. In order to develop the Zhujiang New Town core area into a uniform, integrated, efficient and convenient public spatial system, and improve the comprehensive _ efficiency of urban area, Guangzhou Municipal Government has determined to develop the underground space . A. redundancy B. impetus C. utilization D. disclosure 2. Oral English has its own features, but it is closely combined with other aspects of English, for example, writing may make oral English_ and accurate. . A. complicated B.precise C. discreet D. harassed 3.The elimination of _ would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed . A. junction B. guidance C. distress D. inflation 4. I think you probably know China has adopted a flexible _ in her foreign trade. A. policy B. position C. reservatio